The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India Volume II Part 54

[364] _Ibidem_, p. 141.

[365] In the article on Binjhwar, it was supposed that the Baigas migrated east from the Satpura hills into Chhattisgarh. But the evidence adduced above appears to show that this view is incorrect.

[366] _Tribes and Castes_, art. Binjhia.

[367] Crooke, _Tribes and Castes_, art. Bhuiya, para. 4.

[368] _Ibidem_, para. 3.

[369] _Ibidem_, art. Bhuiyar, para. 1.

[370] _Ibidem_, para. 16.

[371] Dalton, p. 147.

[372] Page 142.

[373] The question of the relation of the Baiga tribe to Mr. Crooke's Bhuiyars was first raised by Mr. E. A. H. Blunt, Census Superintendent, United Provinces.

[374] Mr. Mazumdar's monograph.

[375] From Mr. Mazumdar's monograph.

[376] This article is compiled from a paper taken by Mr. Hira Lal at Sonpur.

[377] This article is based on papers by Mr. Hira Lal, Mr. Gokul Prasad, Tahsildar, Dhamtari, Mr. Pyare Lal Misra of the Gazetteer office, and Muns.h.i.+ Ganpati Giri, Superintendent, Bindranawagarh estate.

[378] From the _Index of Languages and Dialects_, furnished by Sir G. Grierson for the census.

[379] _Tribes and Castes of Bengal_, art. Binjhia.

[380] _Early History of Mankind_, p. 341.

[381] This article is based on a paper by Mr. Mian Bhai Abdul Hussain, Extra a.s.sistant Commissioner, Sambalpur.

[382] _Ba.s.sia latifolia_.

[383] This article is compiled from Mr. Wilson's account of the Bishnois as reproduced in Mr. Crooke's _Tribes and Castes_, and from notes taken by Mr. Aduram Chaudhri in the Hoshangabad District.

[384] The total number of precepts as given above is only twenty-five, but can be raised to twenty-nine by counting the prohibition of opium, tobacco, _bhang_, blue clothing, spirits and flesh separately.

[385] Jhuria may be Jharia, jungly; Sain is a term applied to beggars; the Ahir or herdsman sept may be descended from a man of this caste who became a Bishnoi.

[386] The day when the sun pa.s.ses from one zodiacal sign into another.

[387] The New Moon day or the day before.

[388] This article is largely based on Mr. F. L. Faridi's full description of the sect in the _Bombay Gazetteer, Muhammadans of Gujarat_, and on a paper by Mr. Habib Ullah, pleader, Burhanpur.

[389] _Bombay Gazetteer, Muhammadans of Gujarat_, p. 30. Sir H. T. Colebrooke and Mr. Conolly thought that the Bohras were true s.h.i.+as and not Ismailias.

[390] _Ibidem_, pp. 30-32.

[391] _J.A.S.B._ vol. vi. (1837), part ii. p. 847.

[392] _Berar Census Report_ (1818), p. 70.

[393] _Castes and Tribes of Southern India_, art. Bohra.

[394] Crooke's edition of _Hobson-Jobson_, art. Bohra.

[395] Moor's _Hindu Infanticide_, p. 168.

[396] _Memoir of Central India_, ii. p. 111.

[397] This article is mainly compiled from a full and excellent account of the caste by Mr. Gopal Datta Jos.h.i.+, Civil Judge, Saugor, C.P., to whom the writer is much indebted. Extracts have also been taken from Mr. W. Crooke's and Sir H. Risley's articles on the caste in their works on the _Tribes and Castes_ of the United Provinces and Bengal respectively; from Mr. J. N. Bhattacharya's _Hindu Castes and Sects_ (Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta, 1896), and from the Rev. W. Ward's _View of the History, Literature and Religion of the Hindus_ (London, 1817).

[398] Crooke's _Tribes and Castes_, art. Brahman, quoting Professor Eggeling in _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, s.v. Brahmanism.

[399] _Tribes and Castes of Bengal_, art. Brahman.

[400] _Hindu Manners, Customs, and Ceremonies_, 3rd ed. p. 172.

[401] Muir, _Ancient Sanskrit Texts_, i. 282 _sq._

[402] Quoted in Mr. Crooke's _Tribes and Castes_, art. Brahman.

[403] Quoted by Mr. Crooke.

[404] _Tribes and Castes of the Punjab_, by Mr. H. A. Rose, vol. ii. p. 123.

[405] See also article Rajput-Gaur.

[406] See subordinate articles.

[407] A section of the Kanaujia. See above.

[408] _Tribes and Castes_, art. Brahman.

[409] Chap. ix. v. 173.

[410] Ward's _Hindus_, vol. ii. p. 97.

[411] _Ibidem_, pp. 98, 100.

[412] _Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies_, by the Abbe Dubois, 3rd ed. p. 499.

[413] _Ibidem_, p. 500.