The Clockwork Universe Part 16

128 Even if someone had conceived Even if someone had conceived: Steve Jones, Darwin's Ghost Darwin's Ghost (New York: Random House, 2000), p.194. (New York: Random House, 2000), p.194.

128 "a thought of G.o.d" "a thought of G.o.d": David Dobbs, Reef Madness Reef Madness: Charles Darwin Charles Darwin, Alexander Aga.s.siz Alexander Aga.s.siz, and the Meaning of Coral and the Meaning of Coral (New York: Pantheon, 2005), p.3. (New York: Pantheon, 2005), p.3.

CHAPTER 21. "SHUDDERING BEFORE THE BEAUTIFUL".

129 "all things are numbers" "all things are numbers": Kline, Mathematics Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty The Loss of Certainty, p.12.

129fn As one of Pythagoras's followers As one of Pythagoras's followers: Jamie James, The Music of the Spheres The Music of the Spheres (New York: Springer, 1995), p.35. (New York: Springer, 1995), p.35.

130 "one of the truly momentous" "one of the truly momentous": Chandrasekhar, "Shakespeare, Newton, and Beethoven."

130 St. Augustine explained St. Augustine explained: Barrow, Pi in the Sky Pi in the Sky, p.256.

131 "the first scientific proof" "the first scientific proof": Kline, Mathematics Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty The Loss of Certainty, p.66.

132 "You must have felt this "You must have felt this, too" too": Chandrasekhar, "Shakespeare, Newton, and Beethoven."

133 "shuddering before the beautiful" "shuddering before the beautiful": Ibid.

133 "the years of searching" "the years of searching": From a 1933 lecture by Einstein, "About the Origins of General Relativity," at Glasgow University. Matthew Trainer discusses Einstein's lecture in "About the Origins of the General Theory of Relativity: Einstein's Search for the Truth," European Journal of Physics European Journal of Physics 26, no. 6 (November 2005). 26, no. 6 (November 2005).

133 "to watch the sunset" "to watch the sunset": The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967), p.38. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967), p.38.

133 "Of all escapes from reality" "Of all escapes from reality": Gian-Carlo Rota, Indiscrete Thoughts Indiscrete Thoughts, p.70.

134 his head his head, impaled on a pike impaled on a pike: Ferguson, Tycho and Kepler Tycho and Kepler, p.344. My references to witches and Kepler's mother come from Ferguson and from Max Caspar, Kepler. Kepler.

134 "When the storm rages" "When the storm rages": Benson Bobrick, The Fated Sky The Fated Sky (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p.70. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p.70.

CHAPTER 22. PATTERNS MADE WITH IDEAS.

135 Mathematics had almost nothing Mathematics had almost nothing: For a brilliant account of the difference between math as a mathematician sees it and as the subject is taught in school, see Paul Lockhart, "A Mathematician's Lament," http://tinyurl.com/y89qbh9.

135 "A mathematician "A mathematician, like a painter" like a painter": G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology A Mathematician's Apology, p.13, available at http://math.boisestate.edu/holmes/holmes/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf.

135 "upon which Sir Isaac" "upon which Sir Isaac": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.192.

136 "A naturalist would scarce expect" "A naturalist would scarce expect": Bronowski, The Ascent of Man The Ascent of Man, p.227.

CHAPTER 23. G.o.d'S STRANGE CRYPTOGRAPHY.

143 If two dinosaurs If two dinosaurs: Mario Livio, Is G.o.d a Mathematician? Is G.o.d a Mathematician?, p.11, quoting Martin Gardner, Are Universes Thicker than Blackberries Are Universes Thicker than Blackberries? (New York: Norton, 2004).

143 "strange Cryptography" "strange Cryptography": Nicolson, "The Telescope and Imagination," p.6, quoting Sir Thomas Browne.

143 Nature presented a greater challenge Nature presented a greater challenge: In an essay in 1930, Einstein wrote, "What a deep conviction of the rationality of the universe and what a yearning to understand Kepler and Newton must have had to enable them to spend years of solitary labor in disentangling the principles of celestial mechanics! Only one who has devoted his life to similar ends can have a vivid realization of what has inspired these men and given them the strength to remain true to their purpose in spite of countless failures. It is cosmic religious feeling that gives a man such strength." See Albert Einstein, "Religion and Science," New York Times Magazine New York Times Magazine, November 9, 1930.

144 G.o.d "took delight to hide" G.o.d "took delight to hide": Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature Science and the Secrets of Nature, p.320.

CHAPTER 24: THE SECRET PLAN.

145 "In what manner does the countenance" "In what manner does the countenance": Arthur Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.279. Half a century after its publication, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers remains the best and liveliest account of the birth of modern astronomy. I have drawn repeatedly on Koestler's superlative history. remains the best and liveliest account of the birth of modern astronomy. I have drawn repeatedly on Koestler's superlative history.

145 "I was born premature" "I was born premature": Ibid., p.231.

146 "That man has in every way" "That man has in every way": Ibid., p.236.

147 The conjunction point after that The conjunction point after that: My discussion of Jupiter and Saturn follows the account in Christopher M. Linton, From Eudoxus to Einstein From Eudoxus to Einstein, p.170.

148 "The delight that I took" "The delight that I took": Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.247.

149 "The triangle is the first" "The triangle is the first": Ibid., p.249.

CHAPTER 25. TEARS OF JOY.

152 "And now I pressed forward" "And now I pressed forward": Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.250.

152 "instead of twenty or one hundred" "instead of twenty or one hundred": Ibid., p.248.

153 Euclid proved that there are exactly five Euclid proved that there are exactly five: One way to see that there can only be a limited number of Platonic solids is to focus on one vertex and imagine the faces that meet there. There must be at least three such faces, and the angles at each vertex must all be identical and must add up to less than 360 degrees. Meeting all those conditions at once is impossible unless each face is a triangle, square, or pentagon. (Each angle of a hexagon is 120 degrees, for instance, so three or more hexagons cannot meet at one vertex.) 153 If you needed dice If you needed dice: Marcus du Sautoy, Symmetry Symmetry (New York: Harper, 2008), p.5. (New York: Harper, 2008), p.5.

154 He burst into tears He burst into tears: Caspar, Kepler Kepler, p.63.

154 "Now I no longer regretted" "Now I no longer regretted": Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.251.

155 "For a long time I wanted" "For a long time I wanted": Owen Gingerich, "Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy," available at http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1972QJRAS..13..346G.

155 He happily devoted He happily devoted: Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.269.

155 "No one "No one," he boasted: Caspar, Kepler Kepler, p.71.

155 "too pretty not to be true" "too pretty not to be true": James Watson, The Double Helix The Double Helix (New York: Touchstone, 2001), p.204. (New York: Touchstone, 2001), p.204.

156 "Never in history" "Never in history": Gingerich, "Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy," p.350.

CHAPTER 26. WALRUS WITH A GOLDEN NOSE.

157 "Would that G.o.d deliver me" "Would that G.o.d deliver me": Rossi, The Birth of Modern Science The Birth of Modern Science, p.70.

158 "the heavenly motions are nothing but" "the heavenly motions are nothing but": Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.392.

158fn Not by the human ear Not by the human ear: Rattansi, "Newton and the Wisdom of the Ancients," p.189.

158fn The first person to refer The first person to refer: Curtis Wilson, "Kepler's Laws, So-Called," HAD News HAD News (newsletter of the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society), no. 31, May 1994. (newsletter of the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society), no. 31, May 1994.

158 "My brain gets tired" "My brain gets tired": Giorgio de Santillana, The Crime of Galileo The Crime of Galileo, p.106fn.

159 In his student days In his student days: Ferguson, Tycho and Kepler Tycho and Kepler, pp.3132.

160 had cost a ton of gold had cost a ton of gold: Gingerich, "Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy," p.350.

160 "any single instrument cost more" "any single instrument cost more": Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.278.

160 "I was in possession" "I was in possession": Ibid., p.345.

CHAPTER 27. CRACKING THE COSMIC SAFE.

162 Even armed with Tycho's Even armed with Tycho's: By far the best account of the mathematical ins and outs is Koestler's The Sleepwalkers. The Sleepwalkers.

163 But Tycho's data were twice But Tycho's data were twice: Kuhn, The Copernican Revolution The Copernican Revolution, pp.21112.

163 "For us "For us, who by divine kindness" who by divine kindness": Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.322.

163 "warfare" with the unyielding data "warfare" with the unyielding data: Livio, Is G.o.d a Mathematician Is G.o.d a Mathematician?, p.249.

164 Even Galileo Even Galileo, revolutionary though he was revolutionary though he was: De Santillana, The Crime of Galileo The Crime of Galileo, p.106fn.

166 "a cartload of dung" "a cartload of dung": Koestler, The Sleepwalkers The Sleepwalkers, p.397.

167 "On March 8 of this present year" "On March 8 of this present year": Ibid., p.394.

167 "I have consummated the work" "I have consummated the work": Ferguson, Tycho and Kepler Tycho and Kepler, p.340.

168 He saw-somehow He saw-somehow: Joseph Mazur provides this example in The Motion Paradox The Motion Paradox, p.91.

CHAPTER 28. THE VIEW FROM THE CROW'S NEST.

169 "I believe that if a hundred" "I believe that if a hundred": Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook The Scientific Outlook, p.34.

170 "a way of bewitching" "a way of bewitching": Quoted in de Santillana, The Crime of Galileo The Crime of Galileo, p.115.

170 Galileo put the book away Galileo put the book away: Ibid., pp.106fn., 168.

171 "He discourses often amid fifteen" "He discourses often amid fifteen": Ibid., p.112.

171 "If reasoning were like hauling" "If reasoning were like hauling": Galileo, The a.s.sayer. The a.s.sayer.

175 "Shut yourself up with some friend" "Shut yourself up with some friend": Galileo, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. This discussion takes place on day two. This discussion takes place on day two.

175 "A company of chessmen" "A company of chessmen": Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding Essay Concerning Human Understanding, p.98.

CHAPTER 29. SPUTNIK IN ORBIT, 1687.

179 "It has been observed that missiles" "It has been observed that missiles": The pa.s.sage is from Galileo's Two New Sciences Two New Sciences, quoted in David Goodstein and Judith Goodstein, Feynman's Lost Lecture Feynman's Lost Lecture, p.38.