The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Part 23

_Mayne's B. C._, p. 244. Yougletats--'Une partie campe sur l'ile Vancouver elle-meme, le reste habite sur le continent, au nord de la Riviere Fraser.' _De Smet_, _Miss. de l'Oregon_, p. 340. Yongletats, both on Vancouver Island, and on the mainland above the Fraser River.

_Bolduc_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1845, tom. cviii., pp. 366-7.

The _Nimkish_ are 'at the mouth of the Nimpkish river, about 15 miles below Fort Rupert.' _Mayne's B. C._, p. 249; _Lord's Nat._, vol. i., p.

158.

The _Necultas_ and _Queehanicultas_ dwell at the entrance of Johnston Straits. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 488; _Kane's Wand._, end of vol.

The _Quackolls_ and 'two smaller tribes, live at Fort Rupert.' _Mayne's B. C._, pp. 244, 249. 'On the north-east side of Vancouver's Island, are to be found the Coquilths.' _Cornwallis' N. El Dorado_, p. 98.

Coquilths, a numerous tribe living at the north-east end. _Dunn's Oregon_, p. 239. The Cogwell Indians live around Fort Rupert.

_Barrett-Lennard's Trav._, p. 68.

The _Newittees_ 'east of Cape Scott ... meet the Quawguults at Fort Rupert.' _Mayne's B. C._, p. 251. Neweetg, 'at N.W. entrance of Johnson's Straits.' _Findlay's Directory_, p. 391. 'At the northern extremity of the island the Newette tribe.' _Cornwallis' N. El Dorado_, p. 98. Newchema.s.s came to Nootka 'from a great way to the Northward, and from some distance inland.' _Jewitt's Nar._, p. 77.

The _Saukaulutucks_ inhabit the interior of the northern end of Vancouver Island. _Lord's Nat._, vol. i., p. 158. 'At the back of Barclay Sound, ... about two days' journey into the interior, live the only inland tribe.... They are called the Upatse Satuch, and consist only of four families.' _Grant_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol.

xxvii., p. 287.

[Sidenote: THE SOUND FAMILY.]

THE SOUND FAMILY includes all the tribes about Puget Sound and Admiralty Inlet, occupying all of Was.h.i.+ngton west of the Cascade Range, except a narrow strip along the north bank of the Columbia. In locating the nations of this family I begin with the extreme north-east, follow the eastern sh.o.r.es of the sound southward, the western sh.o.r.es northward, and the coast of the Pacific southward to Gray Harbor. List of tribes between Olympia and Nawauk.u.m River. 'Staktamish, Squaks'namish, Sehehwamish, Squalliamish, Puyallupamish, S'homamish, Suquamish, Sinahomish, Snoqualmook, Sinaahmish, Nooklummi.' _Tolmie_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1854, p. 251; _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 434.

A canadian trapper found the following tribes between Fort Nisqually and Fraser River; 'Sukwames, Sunahumes, Ts.h.i.+katstat, Puiale, and Kawits.h.i.+n.'

_Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., pp. 220-1. Cheenales, west; Cowlitz, south; and Nisqually, east of Puget Sound. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 200, map.

The _s.h.i.+miahmoos_ occupy the 'coast towards Frazer's river.' 'Between Lummi Point and Frazer's River.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 247, 250. 'Most northern tribe on the American side of the line.'

_Gibbs_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 433; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 491.

The _Lummis_ 'are divided into three bands--a band for each mouth of the Lummi River.' _Fitzhugh_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 327. 'On the northern sh.o.r.e of Bellingham Bay.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 244. 'Lummi river, and peninsula.' _Id._, p. 250. 'On a river emptying into the northern part of Bellingham bay and on the peninsula.'

_Id._, p. 247, and in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 433.

The _Nooksaks_ are 'on the south fork of the Lummi River.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1851, p. 250. Nooksahk, 'on the main fork of the river.' _Id._, p. 247. Nooksahk, 'above the Lummi, on the main fork of the river.' _Gibbs_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 433. 'South fork Lummi river.' _Id._, p. 435. Nootsaks 'occupy the territory from the base of Mount Baker down to within five miles of the mouth of the Lummi.' _Coleman_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. x.x.xix., p. 799. Neuksacks 'princ.i.p.ally around the foot of Mount Baker.' _Fitzhugh_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1857, p. 328. The Neukwers and Siamanas, or Stick Indians 'live on lakes back of Whatcom and Siamana lakes and their tributaries.'

_Id._, p. 329. Three tribes at Bellingham Bay, Neuksack, Samish, and Lummis, with some Neukwers and Siamanas who live in the back country.

_Id._, p. 326. Neuksacks, a tribe inhabiting a country drained by the river of the same name ... taking the name Lummi before emptying into the Gulf of Georgia. _Simmons_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1860, p. 188.

Nooklummie, 'around Bellingham's bay.' _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 389; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 714.

The _Samish_ live on Samish River and southern part of Bellingham Bay.

_Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 247, 250. 'They have several islands which they claim as their inheritance, together with a large scope of the main land.' _Fitzhugh_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 327.

The _Skagits_ 'live on the main around the mouth of Skagit river, and own the central parts of Whidby's island, their princ.i.p.al ground being the neighborhood of Penn's cove.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol.

i., p. 433, and in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 246. Whidby's Island 'is in the possession of the Sachet tribe.' _Thornton's Ogn. and Cal._, vol.

i., p. 300. The Sachets inhabit Whidby's Island. _Wilkes' Nar._, in _U.

S. Ex. Ex._, vol. iv., p. 510. Sachets, 'about Possession Sound.'

_Nicolay's Ogn. Ter._, p. 143. Skadjets, 'on both sides of the Skadjet river, and on the north end of Whidby's Island.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 701; _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 388. The Skagit, 'on Skagit river, and Penn's cove,' the N'quachamish, Smalehhu, Miskaiwhu, Sak.u.mehu, on the branches of the same river. _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250; _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435.

Sockamuke, 'headwaters of Skagit River,' Neutubvig, 'north end of Whidby's Island, and county between Skagit's river and Bellingham's bay.' Cowewachin, Noothum, Miemissouks, north to Frazer River.

_Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598.

The _Kikiallis_ occupy the banks of 'Kikiallis river and Whitby's island.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 246, 250.

The _Skeysehamish_ dwell in the 'country along the Skeysehamish river and the north branch of the Sinahemish.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 701; _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 388.

The _Snohomish_ reside on 'the southern end of Whidby's island, and the country on and near the mouth of the Sinahomish river.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., pp. 432, 435. The Sinahemish 'live on the Sinahemish river (falling into Possession Sound).' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 701; _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 388.

'Sinahoumez (en 12 tribus) de la riviere Fraser a la baie de Puget.'

_Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., p. 335. 'N'quutlmamish, Skywhamish, Sktahlejum, upper branches, north side, Sinahomish river.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 245, 250. Neewamish, 'Neewamish river, bay and vicinity;' Sahmamish, 'on a lake between Neewamish and Snohomish river;' Snohomish, 'South end of Whitney's Island, Snohomish river, bay and vicinity;' Skeawamish, 'north fork of the Snohomish river, called Skeawamish river;' Skuckstanajumps, 'Skuckstanajumps river, a branch of Skeawamish river;' Stillaquamish, 'Stillaquamish river and vicinity;'

Kickuallis, 'mouth of Kickuallis river and vicinity.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598. Stoluchwamish, on Stoluchwamish river, also called Steilaquamish. _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., pp.

432, 435, also in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp. 246, 250. Squinamish, Swodamish, Sinaahmish, 'north end of Whitby's island, canoe pa.s.sage, and Sinamish river.' _Id._, pp. 247, 250. 'Southern end of Whidby's island and Sinahomish river.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., pp.

432-3.

The _Snoqualmooks_ 'reside on the south fork, north side of the Sinahomish river.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 436, and in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250. Snoqualimich, 'Snoqualimich river and the south branch of the Sinahemish.' _Harley_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 701; _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 388.

The _Dwamish_ are 'living on and claiming the lands on the D'Wamish river.' _Paige_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 329. Dwamish River and Lake, White and Green Rivers. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 491. On D'wamish lake etc. ... reside the Samamish and S'Ketehlmish tribes. 'The D'wamish tribe have their home on Lake Fork, D'Wamish river.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., pp. 432, 436. Dwamish, 'Lake Fork, Dwamish River;' Samamish, S'Ketehlmish, 'Dwamish Lake;' Smelkamiah, 'Head of White River;' Skopeahmish, 'Head of Green River;' Stkamish, 'main White River.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250.

The _Skopeahmish_ have their home at the 'head of Green river.'

_Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 436. The Sekamish band 'on the main White river;' the Smulkamish tribe 'at the head of White river.' _Ib._

The _Seattles_, a tribe of the Snowhomish nation, occupied as their princ.i.p.al settlement, 'a slight eminence near the head of what is now known as Port Madison Bay.' _Overland Monthly_, 1870, vol. iv., p. 297.

The _Suquamish_ 'claim all the land lying on the west side of the Sound, between Apple Tree cove on the north, and Gig harbor on the south.'

_Paige_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 329. Soquamish, 'country about Port Orchard and neighbourhood, and the west side of Widby's Island.'

_Harley_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 700; _Am. Quar.

Register_, vol. iii., p. 388. 'Peninsula between Hood's ca.n.a.l and Admiralty inlet.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250, and in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435. Snoquamish, 'Port Orchard, Elliott's Bay, and their vicinity.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p.

598. Shomamish, 'on Vashon's Island.' _Ib._ 'Vashon's Island.'

_Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250. S'slomamish, 'Vaston's island.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435. 'The Indians frequenting this port (Orchard) call themselves the Jeachtac tribe.'

_Wilkes' Nar._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. iv., p. 510.

The _Puyallupamish_ live 'at the mouth of Puyallup river;' T'quaquamish, 'at the heads of Puyallup river.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250, and in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435. Squallyamish and Pugallipamish, 'in the country about Nesqually, Pugallipi, and Sinnomish rivers.' _Harley_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 701; _Am. Quar.

Register_, vol. iii., p. 388. Puallipawmish or Pualliss, 'on Pualliss river, bay, and vicinity.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598.

Puyyallapamish, 'Puyallop River.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p.

491.

The _Nisquallies_, or Skwall, 'inhabit the sh.o.r.es of Puget's Sound.'

_Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 211. 'Nesquallis, de la baie de Puget a la pointe Martinez.' _Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., p. 335. Nasqually tribes, 'Nasqually River and Puget's Sound.' _Warre and Vavasour_, in _Martin's Hudson Bay_, p. 81. Squallyamish, 'at Puget Sound.' _Ludewig_, _Ab. Lang._, p. 177. The Squalliahmish are composed of six bands, and have their residence on Nisqually River and vicinity.

_Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435. Squallyamish or Nisqually, Nisqually River and vicinity. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol.

iv., p. 598. Fort Nisqually is frequented by the 'Squallies, the Clallams, the Paaylaps, the Scatchetts, the Checaylis,' and other tribes. _Simpson's Overland Journey_, vol. i., p. 181.

The _Steilacoomish_ dwell on 'Stalacom Creek;' Loquamish, 'Hood's Reef.'

_Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 491. St.i.tcheosawmish, 'Budd's inlet and South bay,' in the vicinity of Olympia. _Id._, vol. iv., p. 598.

Steilacoomamish, 'Steilacoom creek and vicinity.' _Stevens_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250, and in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435.

The _Sawamish_ have their residence on 'Totten's inlet.' _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 435. Sayhaymamish, 'Totten inlet.'

_Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598. 'Srootlemamish, Quackenamish at Case's inlet.' _Ib._ Quaks'namish, 'Case's inlet;' S'Hotlemamish, 'Carr's inlet;' Sahehwamish, 'Hammersly's inlet;' Sawamish, 'Totten's inlet;' Squaiaitl, 'Eld's inlet;' Stehchasamish, 'Budd's inlet;'

Noosehchatl, 'South bay.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 250.

The _Skokomish_ live at the upper end of Hood Ca.n.a.l. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598; _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, pp.

244, 250. Toanhooch and Shokomish on Hood's Ca.n.a.l. _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 491. Tuanoh and Skokomish 'reside along the sh.o.r.es of Hood's Ca.n.a.l.' _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p. 388. Toankooch, 'western sh.o.r.e of Hood's ca.n.a.l. They are a branch of the Nisqually nation.' _Stevens_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 244; _Gibbs_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 431. Tuanooch, 'mouth of Hood's Ca.n.a.l.'

_Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 598. 'The region at the head of Puget Sound is inhabited by a tribe called the Toandos.' _Wilkes' Nar._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. v., p. 140. Homamish, Hotlimamish, Squahsinawmish, Sayhaywamish, St.i.tcha.s.samish, 'reside in the country from the Narrows along the western sh.o.r.e of Puget's Sound to New Market.' _Mitch.e.l.l and Harley_, in _Am. Quar. Register_, vol. iii., p.

388.