The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Part 43

The _Betumkes_ live on the South Fork of Eel River. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 634. In the northern part of Mendocino County. _MS. Map._

The _Choweshaks_ live on the head of Eel river. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 421. Tribes living on the Middle Fork of Eel River, in the valley called by the Indians Betumki were the Naboh Choweshak, Chawteuh Bakowa, and Samunda. _Id._, p. 116. The Choweshaks lived on the head of Eel River. _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 48.

'The _Loloncooks_ live on Bull Creek and the lower South Fork of Eel River, owning the territory between those streams and the Pacific.'

_Powers' Pomo, MS._

The _Batemdakaiees_ live in the valley of that name on the head of Eel River. _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 17.

[Sidenote: RUSSIAN RIVER AND COAST TRIBES.]

The _Pomos_ consist of 'a great number of tribes or little bands, sometimes one in a valley, sometimes three or four, cl.u.s.tered in the region where the headwaters of Eel and Russian rivers interlace, along the estuaries of the coast and around Clear Lake. Really, the Indians all along Russian river to its mouth are branches of this great family, but below Calpello they no longer call themselves Pomos.... The broadest and most obvious division of this large family is, into Eel river Pomos and Russian river Pomos.' _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. ix., pp.

498-9.

The Castel Pomos 'live between the forks of the river extending as far south as Big Chamise and Blue Rock.' _Id._, p. 499.

The Ki-Pomos 'dwell on the extreme headwaters of South Fork, ranging eastward to Eel River, westward to the ocean and northward to the Castel Pomos.' _Ib._, _MS. Map_.

'The Cahto Pomos (Lake people) were so called from a little lake which formerly existed in the valley now called by their name.' _Powers_, in _Overland Monthly_, vol. ix., p. 500.

The Choam Chadela Pomos (Pitch Pine People) live in Redwood Valley.

_Id._, p. 504.

The Matomey Ki Pomos (Wooded Valley People) live about Little Lake.

_Ib._

The Camalel Pomos (Coast People) or Usals live on Usal Creek. _Ib._

The Shebalne Pomos (Neighbor People) live in Sherwood Valley. _Ib._

The Pome Pomos (Earth People) live in Potter Valley. Besides the Pome Pomos there are two or three other little rancherias in Potter Valley, each with a different name; and the whole body of them are called Ballo Ki Pomos (Oat Valley People). _Id._

The Camalel Pomos, Yonsal Pomos, and Bayma Pomos live on Ten Mile, and the country just north of it, in Mendocino County. _Tobin_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 405.

'The Salan Pomas are a tribe of Indians inhabiting a valley called Potter's Valley.' _Ford_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1856, p. 257.

The _Niahbella Pomos_ live in the north-west of Mendocino County. _MS.

Map._

The _Ukiahs_ live on Russian River in the vicinity of Parker's Ranch.

_Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 112, 421. 'The Yuka tribe are those mostly within and immediately adjoining the mountains.'

_Mendocino Herald_, _March, 1871_. The Yukai live on Russian River.

_Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 285. The Ukias are in the south-eastern part of Mendocino County. _MS. Map._

The _Soteomellos_ or Sotomieyos 'lived in Russian River valley.' _Cal.

Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

The _Shumeias_ 'lived on the extreme upper waters of Eel River, opposite Potter Valley.' _Powers' Pomo, MS._

The _Tahtoos_ 'live in the extreme upper end of Potter Valley.' _Ib._

The _Yeeaths_ live at Cape Mendocino. _Tobin_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1857, p. 406.

The _Kushkish_ Indians live at Shelter Cove. _Id._, p. 405.

The _Comachos_ live in Russian River Valley, in Rancheria and Anderson Valleys. _Powers' Pomo, MS._

The _Kajatschims_, _Makomas_, and _j.a.piams_ live in the Russian River Valley, north of Fort Ross. _Baer_, _Stat. und Ethno._, p. 80.

The _Gallinomeros_ occupy Dry Creek Valley and Russian River Valley below Healdsburg. _Powers' Pomo, MS._

The _Masalla Magoons_ 'live along Russian river south of Cloverdale.'

_Id._

The _Rincons_ live south of the Masalla Magoons. _Id._

The _Gualalas_ live on Gualala or Wallalla Creek. _Id._

The Nahlohs, Carlotsapos, Chowechaks, Chedochogs, Choiteeu, Misalahs, Bacowas, Samindas, and Cachenahs, Tuwanahs, lived in the country between Fort Ross and San Francis...o...b..y. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol.

iii., p. 634.

_Chwachamaju_ (Russian Severnovskia) or Northerners, is the name of one of the tribes in the vicinity of Fort Ross. _Kostromitonow_, in _Baer_, _Stat. und Ethno._, p. 80. 'Severnovskia, Severnozer, or "Northerners."

Indians north of Bodega Bay. They call themselves Chwachamaja.'

_Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 170.

The _Olamentkes_ live at Bodega. _Kostromitonow_, in _Baer_, _Stat. und Ethnog._, p. 80; _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 20.

The _Kainamares_ or Kainameahs are at Fitch's Ranch, extending as far back as Santa Rosa, down Russian River, about three leagues to Cooper's Ranch, and thence across the coast at Fort Ross, and for twenty-five miles above. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 102. 'The Kanimares had rancherias at Santa Rosa, Petaluma, or Pataloma, and up to Russian river.' _Cal. Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_. 'The proper name of Russian river in Sonoma valley is Canimairo after the celebrated Indians of those parts.' _Id._, _June 8, 1860_. The Indians of the plains in vicinity of Fort Ross, call themselves Kainama. _Kostromitonow_, in _Baer_, _Stat. und Ethno._, p. 80. The Kyanamaras 'inhabit the section of country between the canon of Russian river and its mouth.' _Ford_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1856, p. 257.

The _Tumalehnias_ live on Bodega Bay. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 102.

The _Socoas_, _Lamas_, and _Seacos_, live in Russian River Valley in the vicinity of the village of Sanel. _Powers' Pomo, MS._

The _Sonomas_, Sonomis, or Sonomellos, lived at the embarcadero of Sonoma. _Cal. Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_. The Sonomas lived in the south-eastern extremity of what is now the county of Sonoma. _MS. Map._

The _Tchokoyems_ lived in Sonoma valley. _Gibbs_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p. 421. The Chocuyens lived in the region now called Sonoma county, and from their chief the county takes its name.

_Cronise's Nat. Wealth_, p. 22. The word Sonoma means 'Valley of the Moon.' _Tuthill's Hist. Cal._, p. 301. The Tchokoyems live in Sonoma Valley. _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 184.

'The _Timbalakees_ lived on the west side of Sonoma valley.' _Cal.

Farmer_, _March 30, 1860_.

The _Guillicas_ lived 'northwest of Sonoma,' on the old Wilson ranch of 1846. _Ib._; _MS. Map_.

The _Kinklas_ live in 39 14' north lat. and 122 12' long. _Wilkes'

Nar._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. v., p. 201. The Klinkas are a 'tribu fixee au nord du Rio del Sacramento.' _Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., p.

358. South of the Rogue River Indians 'the population is very scanty until we arrive at the valley of the Sacramento, all the tribes of which are included by the traders under the general name of Kinkla, which is probably, like Tlamatl, a term of Chinook origin.' _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 221.

The Talatui live 'on the Ka.s.sima River, a tributary to the Sacramento, on the eastern side, about eighty miles from its mouth.' _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 631. _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 180.