The Future: six drivers of global change Part 109

377 "three-parent babies"

David Derbys.h.i.+re, "Babies with THREE Parents and Free of Genetic Disease Could Soon Be Born Using Controversial IVF Technique," Daily Mail, March 12, 2011.

378 genetic modification is one that will affect

James Gallagher, "Three-Person IVF 'Is Ethical' to Treat Mitochondrial Disease," BBC, June 11, 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-18393682.

379 be left to the pregnant woman herself, at least in the earlier stages of the pregnancy

World Public Opinion, "World Publics Reject Criminal Penalties for Abortion," June 18, 2008, http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/btjusticehuman_rightsra/492.php.

380 that are designed to identify the gender of the embryo

Rachel Rickard Straus, "To Ensure Prized Baby Boy, Indians Flock to Bangkok," Times of India, December 27, 2010.

381 abortion of 500,000 female fetuses each year

Madeleine Bunting, "India's Missing Women," Guardian, July 22, 2011.

382 better enforce the prohibition against the s.e.x selection of children

"Delhi Govt to Crack Down on s.e.x-Selection Tests," Times of India, January 5, 2012.

383 identification procedures in India utilize ultrasound machines

Bunting, "India's Missing Women."

384 Some couples from India

Straus, "To Ensure Prized Baby Boy, Indians Flock to Bangkok."

385 blood samples taken from pregnant mothers

"Baby s.e.x ID Test Won't Be Sold in China or India Due to Fears of 'Gender Selection,' " a.s.sociated Press, August 10, 2011.

386 sample from the pregnant woman and a saliva sample from the father

Andrew Pollack, "DNA Blueprint for Fetus Built Using Tests of Parents," New York Times, June 6, 2012.

387 an estimated $20,000 to $50,000 for one fetal genome

Ibid.

388 last year, the cost was $200,000 per test

Mara Hvistendahl, "Will Gattaca Come True?," Slate, April 27, 2012.

389 likely to continue falling very quickly

Ibid.

390 widely available within two years for an estimated $3,000

Stephanie M. Lee, "New Stanford Fetal DNA Test Adds to Ethical Issues," San Francisco Chronicle, July 26, 2012.

391 serious disorders that might be treated through early detection

Drew Halley, "Revolution In Newborn Screening Saves Newborn Lives," Singularity Hub, March 10, 2009.

392 are terminating their pregnancies

Ross Douthat, "Eugenics, Past and Future," New York Times, June 9, 2012.

393 "sophisticated methods of eugenic selection"

Leroi, "The Future of Neo-Eugenics."