The Future: six drivers of global change Part 134

K. Frieler et al., "Limiting Global Warming to 2C Is Unlikely to Save Most Coral Reefs," Nature Climate Change, September 2012.

136 one quarter of all ocean species spend

Elizabeth Kolbert, "The Acid Sea," National Geographic, April 2011.

137 in danger of killing almost all of the coral reefs

David Jolly, "Oceans at Dire Risk, Team of Scientists Warns," New York Times, Green blog, June 21, 2011, http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/oceans-are-at-dire-risk-team-of-scientists-warns/.

138 80 percent of the coral reefs in the Caribbean were lost

T. Gardner et al., "Long-Term Region-Wide Declines in Caribbean Corals," Science, July 2003.

139 same fate threatens reefs in every ocean

Frieler et al., "Limiting Global Warming to 2C Is Unlikely to Save Most Coral Reefs."

140 Great Barrier Reef corals had died

Glenn De'ath et al., "The 27-Year Decline of Coral Cover on the Great Barrier Reef and Its Causes," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, October 1, 2012.

141 a cold container of soda stays more carbonated

Brian Palmer, "Does Soda Taste Different in a Bottle Than a Can?," Slate, July 23, 2009, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/07/does_soda_taste_different_in_a_bottle_than_a_can.html.

142 many of the cold-water reefs may be in even greater danger

"Oceans and Shallow Seas," IPCC 2007, http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch4s4-4-9.html.

143 very thin sh.e.l.ls that play an important role

Anthony Richardson, "In Hot Water: Zooplankton and Climate Change," ICES Journal of Marine Science 65 (March 2008).

144 Southern California that have been sampled, are actually corrosive

Richard Feely et al., "Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive 'Acidified' Water onto the Continental Shelf," Science, June 13, 2008.

145 killing commercially valuable sh.e.l.lfish

Alan Barton et al., "The Pacific Oyster, Cra.s.sostrea gigas, Shows Negative Correlation to Naturally Elevated Carbon Dioxide Levels: Implications for Near-Term Acidification Effects," Limnology and Oceanography 57, no. 3 (2012): 698710.

146 oceans returned to a state comparable

Kolbert, "The Acid Sea."

147 almost a third of all fish species are presently overexploited

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2010," 2010, http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1820e/i1820e.pdf.

148 depletion of up to 90 percent of large fish like tuna, marlin, and cod

Ransom Myers and Boris Worm, "Rapid Worldwide Depletion of Predatory Fish Communities," Nature, May 2003.

149 critical ocean habitats like mangrove forests

Beth Polidoro et al., "The Loss of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk and Geographic Areas of Global Concern," PLoS ONE 5 (2010).

150 sea gra.s.s meadows are also at risk

Frederick Short et al., "Extinction Risk a.s.sessment of the World's Seagra.s.s Species," Biological Conservation 144 (July 2011).

151 near the mouths of major river systems is doubling every decade

National Science Foundation, "SOS: Is Climate Change Suffocating Our Seas?," 2009, http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/deadzones/climatechange.jsp.