The Future: six drivers of global change Part 28

108 harder and stronger than bronze

Ibid.

109 not made until the middle of the nineteenth century

Ibid.

110 create an entirely new category of products, including

Jeremy Rifkin, The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).

111 store energy and manifest previously unimaginable properties

Pulickel M. Ajayan and Otto Z. Zhou, "Applications of Carbon Nanotubes," Topics in Applied Physics 80 (2001): 391425; Eliza Strickland, "9 Ways Carbon Nanotubes Just Might Rock the World," Discover Magazine, August 6, 2009.

112 already replacing steel in some niche applications

Corie Lok, "Nanotechnology: Small Wonders," Nature, September 1, 2010, pp. 1821.

113 expected to have wide applications in industry

Dmitri Kopeliovich, "Ceramic Matrix Composites (Introduction)," SubsTech, http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=ceramic_matrix_composites_introduction.

114 already known processes, mostly in the health and fitness category

"Nanotech-Enabled Consumer Products Continue to Rise," ScienceDaily, March 13, 2011, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110310101351.htm; Sargent, "Nanotechnology: A Policy Primer"; Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 2012, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34511.pdf.

115 which opens a variety of useful applications

A. K. Geim, "Graphene: Status and Prospects," Science 324, no. 5934 (June 19, 2009): 153034; Matthew Finnegan, "Graphene Nanoribbons Could Extend Moore's Law by 10 Years," Techeye.com, September 28, 2011; "Adding Hydrogen Triples Transistor Performance in Graphene," ScienceDaily, September 4, 2011.

116 much debate in the first years of the twenty-first century

Robert F. Service, "Nanotechnology Grows Up," Science 304, no. 5678 (June 18, 2004): 173234.

117 consequent cell damage-are taken more seriously

Ibid.

118 "nothing about their synergistic impacts"

Ibid.

119 certainly since the discovery of the double helix in 1953

National Research Council, Nanotechnology in Food Products: Workshop Summary (Leslie Pray and Ann Yaktine, rapporteurs, 2009).

120 application of nanotechnology to the development of new materials

Ibid.

121 fibers with 100 times the strength and one sixth the weight of steel

Lok, "Nanotechnology: Small Wonders," pp. 1821.

122 until the object is formed in three-dimensional s.p.a.ce

"The Printed World: Three-Dimensional Printing from Digital Designs Will Transform Manufacturing and Allow More People to Start Making Things," Economist, February 10, 2011.

123 different kind of material can be used

Ibid.

124 Model T, manufacturing has been dominated by ma.s.s production