The Future: six drivers of global change Part 30

141 United States, China, and Europe are working hard to exploit its potential

"The Printed World," Economist.

142 printing prosthetics and other devices with medical applications

Vance, "3-D Printing Spurs a Manufacturing Revolution"; "Transplant Jaw Made by 3D Printer Claimed as First," BBC News, February 6, 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16907104; "Engineers Pioneer Use of 3D Printer to Create New Bones," BBC News, November 30, 2011, http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-15963467; Joann Pan, "3D Printer Creates 'Magic Arms' for Two-Year-Old Girl," Mashable, August 3, 2012, http://mashable.com/2012/08/03/3d-printed-magic-arms/; "Artificial Blood Vessels Created on a 3D Printer," BBC News, September 16, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14946808.

143 Inexpensive 3D printers have already found their way

Vance, "3-D Printing Spurs a Manufacturing Revolution."

144 "Something seismic is going on."

Bob Parks, "Creation Engine: Autodesk Wants to Help Anyone, Anywhere, Make Anything," Wired, September 21, 2012.

145 advocates of more widespread gun owners.h.i.+p

"3D Printers Could 'Print Ammunition for an Army,' " Dezeen Magazine, October 3, 2012, http://www.dezeen.com/2012/10/03/3d-printers-could-print-ammunition-for-an-army/.

146 guns used in crimes could be easily melted down

Nick Bilton, "Disruptions: With a 3-D Printer, Building a Gun with the Push of a b.u.t.ton," New York Times, October 7, 2012.

147 some of the jobs they had originally outsourced to low-wage countries

"The Third Industrial Revolution," Economist.

148 less willing than their global counterparts to endorse either conclusion

Boston Consulting Group, press release, "Nearly a Third of Companies Say Sustainability Is Contributing to Their Profits, Says MIT Sloan Management ReviewBoston Consulting Group Report," January 24, 2012, http://www.bcg.com/media/PressReleaseDetails.aspx?id=tcm:12-96246.

149 "higher-income individuals consume, as a fraction of their income"

Joseph E. Stiglitz, "The 1 Percent's Problem," Vanity Fair, May 31, 2012.

150 in "extreme poverty"-defined as having an income less than $1.25 per day

World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2010 annual report, http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/wdi-final.pdf.

151 every twenty-four hours into the planet's atmosphere

Drew s.h.i.+ndell, phone interview with author, September 1, 2009.

152 average holding period for stocks

James Montier, Behavioural Investing: A Pract.i.tioner's Guide to Applying Behavioural Finance (Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2007), p. 277.

153 over a business cycle and a half, roughly seven years

Richard Dobbs, Keith Leslie, and Lenny T. Mendonca, "Building the Healthy Corporation," McKinsey Quarterly, August 2005; Roger A. Morin and Sherry L. Jarrell, Driving Shareholder Value: Value-Building Techniques for Creating Shareholder Wealth (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 56; Roland J. Burgman, David J. Adams, David A. Light, and Joshua B. Bellin, "The Future Is Now," MIT Sloan Management Review, October 26, 2007.

154 holding period for stocks is less than seven months

Henry Blodget, "You're an Investor? How Quaint," Business Insider, August 8, 2009, http://www.businessinsider.com/henry-blodget-youre-an-investor-how-quaint-2009-8.

155 "is expensive and painstaking and offers far less potential for speedy returns"

Jon Gertner, "Does America Need Manufacturing?," New York Times Magazine, August 28, 2011.

156 Eighty percent said no

Tilde Herrera, "BSR 2011: Al Gore Says Short-Term Thinking Is 'Functionally Insane,' " GreenBiz, November 2, 2011, http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2011/11/02/bsr-2011-al-gore-says-short-term-thinking-functionally-insane.

157 almost 200 millennia

Siles.h.i.+ Semaw et al., "2.6-Million-Year-Old Stone Tools and a.s.sociated Bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia," Journal of Human Evolution 45 (2003): 16977.