The Future: six drivers of global change Part 89

42 "science discovery and innovation within the next decade"

Ibid.

43 industry will be one of the pillars

"China Establishes National Gene Bank in Shenzhe," Xinhua News Agency, June 18, 2011.

44 eventually sequence the genomes of almost every child in China

David Cyranoski, "Chinese Bioscience: The Sequence Factory," Nature, March 3, 2010.

45 first patent on a gene

Harriet A. Was.h.i.+ngton, Deadly Monopolies: The Shocking Corporate Takeover of Life Itself-and the Consequences for Your Healthy and Our Medical Future (New York: Doubleday, 2011), p. 181.

46 more than 40,000 gene patents have been issued, covering 2,000 human genes

Sharon Begley, "In Surprise Ruling, Court Declares Two Gene Patents Invalid," Daily Beast, March 29, 2010.

47 used for commercial purposes without their permission

Was.h.i.+ngton, Deadly Monopolies, chs. 1 and 7.

48 gene therapy drug, known as Glybera

Ben Hirschler, "Europe Approves High-Price Gene Therapy," Reuters, November 2, 2012.

49 treatment of a rare genetic disorder

Andrew Pollack, "European Agency Backs Approval of a Gene Therapy," New York Times, July 20, 2012.

50 approved a drug known as Crizotinib

Alice T. Shaw, "The Crizotinib Story: From Target to FDA Approval and Beyond," InforMEDical, 2012, http://www.informedicalcme.com/lucatoday/crizotinib-story-from-target-to-fda-approval.

51 "We now believe that Monsanto"

"Monsanto Strong-Arms Seed Industry," a.s.sociated Press, January 4, 2011.

52 "Could you patent the sun?"

" 'Deadly Monopolies'? Patenting the Human Body," Fresh Air, NPR, October 24, 2011, http://www.npr.org/2011/10/24/141429392/deadly-monopolies-patenting-the-human-body. The groundbreaking work of Albert Sabin-whose vaccine became the most widely used-cannot be overlooked as well.

53 research into the genome was still in its early stages

Norman Borlaug, biography, http://www.n.o.belprize.org/n.o.bel_prizes/peace/laureates/1970/borlaug-bio.html.

54 "G.o.d help us if that were to happen"

Vandana s.h.i.+va, "The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act: Sowing the Seeds of Dictators.h.i.+p," ZNet, February 14, 2005, http://www.grain.org/article/entries/2166-india-seed-act-patent-act-sowing-the-seeds-of-dictators.h.i.+p.

55 "always stood for free exchange of germplasm"

Ibid.

56 courts continue to uphold the patentability of genes

Reuters, "Court Reaffirms Right of Myriad Genetics to Patent Genes," New York Times, August 16, 2012.

57 we gain the ability to understand and manipulate the reality

Michael S. Gazzaniga, Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique (New York: HarperCollins, 2008), p. 199.

58 four letters: A, T, C, and G