An English Grammar Part 45

PAST TENSE.

_Singular._ _Plural._

1. I chose We chose 2. You chose You chose 3. [He] chose [They] chose

Imperative Mood.

PRESENT TENSE, _Singular and Plural_, Choose.

FULL CONJUGATION OF THE VERB _CHOOSE_.

[Sidenote: _Machinery of a verb in the voices, tenses, etc._]

242. In addition to the above _inflected_ forms, there are many periphrastic or _compound_ forms, made up of auxiliaries with the infinitives and participles. Some of these have been indicated in Sec. 240, (2).

The ordinary tenses yet to be spoken of are made up as follows:--

(1) _Future tense_, by using _shall_ and _will_ with the simple or root form of the verb; as, "I _shall be_," "He _will choose._"

(2) _Present perfect_, _past perfect_, _future perfect_, tenses, by placing _have_, _had_, and _shall_ (or _will_) _have_ before the past participle of any verb; as, "I _have gone_" (present perfect), "I _had gone_" (past perfect), "I _shall have gone_" (future perfect).

(3) The _definite form_ of each tense, by using auxiliaries with the imperfect participle active; as, "I _am running_," "They _had been running_."

(4) The _pa.s.sive forms_, by using the forms of the verb _be_ before the past participle of verbs; as, "I _was chosen_," "You _are chosen_."

243. The following scheme will show how rich our language is in verb phrases to express every variety of meaning. Only the third person, singular number, of each tense, will be given.

ACTIVE VOICE.

Indicative Mood.

_Present._ He chooses.

_Present definite._ He is choosing.

_Past._ He chose.

_Past definite._ He was choosing.

_Future._ He will choose.

_Future definite._ He will he choosing.

_Present perfect._ He has chosen.

_Present perfect definite._ He has been choosing.

_Past perfect._ He had chosen.

_Past perfect definite._ He had been choosing.

_Future perfect._ He will have chosen.

_Future perfect definite._ He will have been choosing.

Subjunctive Mood.

_Present._ [If, though, he choose.

_Present definite._ lest, etc.] he be choosing.

_Past._ " he chose (or were to choose).

_Past definite._ " he were choosing (or were to be choosing).

_Present perfect._ " he have chosen.

_Present perfect definite._ " he have been choosing.

_Past perfect._ " Same as indicative.

_Past perfect definite._ " " "

Imperative Mood.

_Present._ (2d per.) Choose.

_Present definite._ " Be choosing.

NOTE.--Since participles and infinitives are not really verbs, but verbals, they will be discussed later (Sec. 262).

Pa.s.sIVE VOICE.

Indicative Mood.

_Present._ He is chosen.

_Present definite._ He is being chosen.

_Past._ He was chosen.

_Past definite._ He was being chosen.

_Future._ He will be chosen.

_Future definite._ None.

_Present perfect._ He has been chosen.

_Present perfect definite._ None.

_Past perfect._ He had been chosen.

_Past perfect definite._ None.

_Future perfect._ He will have been chosen.

_Future perfect definite._ None.

Subjunctive Mood.

_Present._. [If, though, he be chosen.

_Present definite._ lest, etc.] None.

_Past._ " he were chosen (or were to be chosen).

_Past definite._ " he were being chosen.

_Present perfect._ " he have been chosen.

_Present perfect definite._ " None.

_Past Perfect._ " he had been chosen.