Himalayan Journals Part 51

JUNE DORJILING No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Colinton* 7179 ft. Misc. 60.9 57.6 13.3 .483 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

CALCUTTA No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Colinton* 7179 ft. Misc. 85.5 78.4 7.1 .952 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Dorjiling.--Humidity 0.895 Calcutta 0.800 ,, Weight of vapour 5.39 gr. ,, 10.17 gr.

JULY DORJILING No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. 9.50 a.m. 63.2 61.4 1.8 .548 25 1848 ... Noon 65.0 62.6 2.4 .570 24 ... ... 2.40 p.m. 64.7 62.3 2.4 .565 16 ... ... 4 p.m. 63.8 61.5 2.3 .550 31 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 60.2 58.7 1.5 .537 31 1848 ... 2 p.m. 66.3 63.3 3.0 .621 31 ... ... 6 p.m. 63.0 60.9 2.1 .575 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 176 ... ... Mean 63.7 61.5 2.2 .567 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

CALCUTTA No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. 9.50 a.m. 87.0 79.4 7.6 .983 25 1848 ... Noon 89.0 80.0 9.0 1.001 24 ... ... 2.40 p.m. 88.1 79.4 8.7 .983 16 ... ... 4 p.m. 87.2 79.5 7.7 .985 31 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 81.3 79.0 2.3 .969 31 1848 ... 2 p.m. 88.0 79.6 8.4 .989 31 ... ... 6 p.m. 84.8 79.2 5.6 .977 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 176 ... ... Mean 86.5 79.4 7.0 .984 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Dorjiling.--Humidity 0.929 Calcutta 0.800 ,, Weight of vapour 6.06 gr. ,, 10.45 gr.

AUGUST DORJILING No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. 9.50 a.m. 64.2 62.4 1.8 .567 21 1848 ... Noon 64.7 63.3 1.4 .584 17 ... ... 2.40 p.m. 64.7 62.8 1.9 .574 13 ... ... 4 p.m. 63.9 62.5 1.4 .568 31 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 60.5 59.5 1.0 .551 31 1848 ... 2 p.m. 65.3 63.6 1.7 .628 31 ... ... 6 p.m. 62.8 61.8 1.0 .591 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 167 ... ... Mean 63.7 62.3 1.5 .580 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

CALCUTTA No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. 9.50 a.m. 85.8 79.1 6.7 .973 21 1848 ... Noon 87.2 79.2 8.0 .976 17 ... ... 2.40 p.m. 87.4 79.3 8.1 .979 13 ... ... 4 p.m. 86.5 79.5 7.0 .984 31 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 80.8 78.8 2.0 .962 31 1848 ... 2 p.m. 87.2 79.2 8.0 .976 31 ... ... 6 p.m. 83.7 78.7 5.0 .959 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 167 ... ... Mean 85.5 79.1 6.4 .973 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Dorjiling.--Humidity 0.955 Calcutta 0.818 ,, Weight of vapour 6.25 gr. ,, 10.35 gr.

SEPTEMBER DORJILING No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. 9.50 a.m. 60.8 59.3 1.5 .511 23 1848 ... Noon 62.4 60.3 2.1 .528 23 ... ... 2.40 p.m. 62.4 59.6 2.8 .516 21 ... ... 4 p.m. 62.0 59.6 2.4 .516 30 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 57.4 56.2 1.2 .495 30 1848 ... 2 p.m. 64.9 60.8 4.1 .573 30 ... ... 6 p.m. 60.8 59.0 1.8 .543 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 185 ... ... Mean 61.5 59.3 2.3 .526 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

CALCUTTA No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. 9.50 a.m. 87.0 78.4 8.6 .952 23 1848 ... Noon 88.5 78.1 10.4 .943 23 ... ... 2.40 p.m. 88.1 77.4 10.7 .922 21 ... ... 4 p.m. 86.9 77.1 9.8 .914 30 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 80.9 78.3 2.6 .948 30 1848 ... 2 p.m. 88.8 77.4 11.4 .923 30 ... ... 6 p.m. 84.7 76.6 8.1 .899 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 185 ... ... Mean 86.4 77.6 8.8 .929 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Dorjiling.--Humidity 0.932 Calcutta 0.760 ,, Weight of vapour 5.72 gr. ,, 9.88 gr.

OCTOBER DORJILING No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. Noon 55.9 55.3 0.6 .446 6 1848 ... 2.40 p.m. 55.7 54.9 0.8 .440 6 ... ... 4 p.m. 55.6 54.9 0.7 .441 4 Goong. 7436 ft. Misc. 48.3 48.3 0.0 .352 8 ditto 7441 ft. ditto 51.2 50.2 1.0 .376 8 The Dale* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 55.2 52.7 2.5 .439 17 ... ... 2 p.m. 61.4 56.3 5.1 .497 19 ... ... 6 p.m. 56.9 54.2 2.7 .463 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 ... ... Mean 55.0 53.4 1.7 .432 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

CALCUTTA No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Jillapahar, 7430 ft. Noon 84.4 75.3 9.1 .863 6 1848 ... 2.40 p.m. 86.0 73.3 12.7 .808 6 ... ... 4 p.m. 85.2 74.4 10.8 .837 4 Goong. 7436 ft. Misc. 81.2 73.7 7.5 .819 8 ditto 7441 ft. ditto 80.7 66.9 13.8 .657 8 The Dale* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 76.1 74.2 1.9 .834 17 ... ... 2 p.m. 87.0 71.2 15.8 .756 19 ... ... 6 p.m. 82.8 73.9 8.9 .824 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 ... ... Mean 82.9 72.9 10.1 .800 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Dorjiling.--Humidity 0.950 Calcutta 0.658 ,, Weight of vapour 4.74 gr. ,, 8.55 gr.

NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER DORJILING No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 45.6 41.4 4.2 .277 8 Nov. & Dec. ... 2 p.m. 60.0 48.3 11.7 .355 6 1848 ... 6 p.m. 50.6 44.7 5.9 .311 9 December, ... 2 p.m. 49.7 41.7 8.0 .280 19 1848 ... 6 p.m. 44.0 40.5 3.5 .269 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 ... ... Mean 49.9 43.3 6.7 .298 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

CALCUTTA No. of Obs. Place Elev. Hour Tp. D.P. Diff. Tens.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 The Dale,* 6952 ft. 6 a.m. 67.9 64.7 3.2 .610 8 Nov. & Dec. ... 2 p.m. 83.3 65.2 18.1 .621 6 1848 ... 6 p.m. 77.3 63.1 14.2 .579 9 December, ... 2 p.m. 79.3 59.0 20.3 .505 19 1848 ... 6 p.m. 75.8 62.6 13.2 .569 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 ... ... Mean 76.7 62.9 13.8 .577 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Dorjiling.--Humidity 0.798 Calcutta 0.640 ,, Weight of vapour 3.40 gr. ,, 6.27 gr.

_Comparison of Dorjiling and Calcutta._

HUMIDITY

No. of Diff.

Obs. Month Dorjiling Calcutta Dorjiling --------------------------------------------------------- 102 January -.795 .571 +.224 97 February .828 .590 +.238 40 March .940 -.438 +.502 23 April .684 .523 +.161 48 May .926 .698 +.228 40 June .895 .800 +.095 176 July .929 .800 +.129 167 August +.955 +.818 +.136 185 September .932 .760 +.172 74 October .950 .658 +.292 46 Nov. and Dec. .798 .640 +.158 ---------------------------------------------------------- 998 Mean 0.876 0.663 +.212

WEIGHT OF VAPOUR IN CUBIC FOOT OF AIR

No. of Diff.

Obs. Month Dorjiling Calcutta Calcutta -------------------------------------------------------- 102 January -2.68 -4.80 +2.12 97 February 2.75 5.40 +2.65 40 March 3.42 5.72 +2.30 23 April 3.98 7.65 +3.67 48 May 5.22 9.90 +4.62 40 June 5.39 10.17 +4.78 176 July 6.06 10.05 +3.99 167 August +6.25 +10.35 +4.10 185 September 5.72 9.88 +4.16 74 October 4.74 8.55 +3.81 46 Nov. and Dec. 3.40 6.27 +2.87 -------------------------------------------------------- 998 Mean 4.51 8.07 +3.55

It is hence evident, from nearly 1,000 comparative observations, that the atmosphere is relatively more humid at Dorjiling than at Calcutta, throughout the year. As the southerly current, to which alone is due all the moisture of Sikkim, traverses 200 miles of land, and discharges from sixty to eighty inches of rain before arriving at Dorjiling, it follows that the whole atmospheric column is relatively drier over the Himalaya than over Calcutta; that the absolute amount of vapour, in short, is less than it would otherwise be at the elevation of Dorjiling, though the relative humidity is so great.

A glance at the table at the end of this section appears to confirm this; for it is there shown that, at the base of the Himalaya, at an elevation of only 250 feet higher than Calcutta, the absolute amount of vapour is less, and of relative humidity greater, than at Calcutta.

SERIES II.--_Observations at various Stations and Elevations in the Himalaya of East Nepal and Sikkim._

ELEVATION 735 TO 2000 FEET.

EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.

No. of Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Katong Ghat. 735 Dec. 60.2 55.3 4.9 .447 Teesta river 2 Great Rungeet, at bridge 818 April 82.8 63.5 19.3 .588 1 Ditto 818 May 77.8 60.3 17.5 .528 3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 1388 Nov. 60.6 57.0 3.6 .473 1 Ditto 1457 Nov. 64.2 59.1 5.1 .507 6 Bhomsong, Teesta river 1596 Dec. 58.6 52.0 6.6 .399 1 Ditto 1596 May 68.2 66.4 1.8 .647 5 Little Rungeet 1672 Jan. 51.0 50.2 0.8 .377 5 Pemiongchi, Great Rungeet 1840 Dec. 54.6 53.7 0.9 .424 11 Punkabaree 1850 March 70.1 55.6 14.5 .472 Ditto 1850 May 73.5 68.3 5.2 .687 10 Guard house 1864 April 73.7 63.8 9.9 .592 (Gt. Rungeet) --------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 Mean 66.3 58.8 7.5 .512

CALCUTTA.

No. of Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Katong Ghat. 735 Dec. 73.2 56.7 16.5 .468 Teesta river 2 Great Rungeet, at bridge 818 April 95.8 61.9 33.9 .557 1 Ditto 818 May 91.7 78.3 13.4 .947 3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 1388 Nov. 73.3 62.7 10.6 .571 1 Ditto 1457 Nov. 77.3 63.4 13.9 .585 6 Bhomsong, Teesta river 1596 Dec. 71.6 57.0 14.6 .474 1 Ditto 1596 May 82.6 77.4 5.2 .923 5 Little Rungeet 1672 Jan. 58.5 58.0 0.5 .489 5 Pemiongchi, Great Rungeet 1840 Dec. 73.5 66.2 7.3 .642 11 Punkabaree 1850 March 79.2 62.6 16.6 .570 Ditto 1850 May 83.7 77.9 5.8 .938 10 Guard house 1864 April 92.4 67.0 25.4 .660 (Gt. Rungeet) --------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 Mean 79.4 65.8 13.6 .652

Humidity 0.717 Calcutta 0.663 Weight of vapour 5.57 gr. ,, 6.88 gr.

ELEVATION 2000 TO 3000 FEET.

EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.

No. of Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Singdong 2116 Dec. 60.5 53.4 7.1 .419 8 Mywa Guola, E. Nepal 2132 Nov. 66.2 57.5 8.7 .481 3 Pemmi river, E. Nepal 2256 Nov. 55.6 53.9 1.7 .426 3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 2545 Nov. 57.3 51.6 5.7 .394 2 Blingbong (Teesta) 2684 May 72.6 64.0 8.6 .597 8 Lingo (Teesta) 2782 May 75.8 67.3 8.5 .666 12 Serriomsa (Teesta) 2820 Dec. 64.1 56.8 7.3 .469 8 Lingmo (Teesta) 2849 May 68.6 64.6 4.0 .610 3 Ditto 2952 Dec. 56.4 53.5 2.9 .420 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 Mean 64.1 58.1 6.1 .498

ELEVATION 2000 TO 3000 FEET.

EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.

No. of Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Singdong 2116 Dec. 72.1 52.9 19.2 .411 8 Mywa Guola, E. Nepal 2132 Nov. 75.7 68.7 7.0 .697 3 Pemmi river, E. Nepal 2256 Nov. 62.9 62.3 0.6 .566 3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 2545 Nov. 75.0 63.7 11.3 .591 2 Blingbong (Teesta) 2684 May 81.7 73.6 8.1 .817 8 Lingo (Teesta) 2782 May 90.7 77.7 13.0 .932 12 Serriomsa (Teesta) 2820 Dec. 70.8 62.4 8.4 .567 8 Lingmo (Teesta) 2849 May 87.9 74.9 13.0 .851 3 Ditto 2952 Dec. 69.5 66.5 3.0 .647 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 Mean 76.3 67.0 9.3 .675

Humidity 0.820 Calcutta 0.740 Weight of vapour 5.45 gr. ,, 7.13 gr.

ELEVATION 3000 TO 4000 FEET.