The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation Part 210

[989] For rules of self-limitation formulated by the Court not only to minimize its opportunities for such interference but also to curtail the volume of litigation reaching it for final disposition, _see_ p. 1109.

[990] 297 U.S. 278 (1936).

[991] 237 U.S. 309 (1915).

[992] 261 U.S. 86 (1923).

[993] Despite the court's contention that Moore _v._ Dempsey was disposed of in conformity with the principles enunciated in Frank _v._ Mangum, the two decisions are distinguishable not only by the different results reached therein, but by the fact that the State appellate court in Frank _v._ Mangum had ruled that the trial court had correctly concluded, on the basis of the evidence submitted, that the allegations of mob violence were unsubstantiated whereas the Arkansas appellate court, in Moore _v._ Dempsey, conceded a similar allegation to be correct but did not deem it sufficient to render the trial a nullity.

Although in the later case, Arkansas demurred and thereby admitted the allegations supporting the _habeas corpus_ pet.i.tion to be true, that fact is a lesser significance, for even in Frank _v._ Mangum, the Supreme Court abided by the rule that the writ of _habeas corpus_ relates to matters of substance and not of mere form, and declared that the pet.i.tioner's allegations should be treated as if conceded by the sheriff having custody of the pet.i.tioner.--237 U.S. 309, 332, 346 (1915).

[994] James _v._ Appel, 192 U.S. 129, 137 (1904); Pittsburgh, C.C. & St.

L.R. Co. _v._ Backus, 154 U.S. 421 (1894); Standard Oil Co. _v._ Missouri ex rel. Hadley, 224 U.S. 270, 286 (1912); Baldwin _v._ Iowa State Traveling Men's a.s.soc., 283 U.S. 522, 524 (1931).

[995] Tracy _v._ Ginzberg, 205 U.S. 170 (1907); Allen _v._ Georgia, 166 U.S. 138, 140 (1897); Fallbrook Irrig. District _v._ Bradley, 164 U.S.

112, 157 (1896).

[996] Thorington _v._ Montgomery, 147 U.S. 490, 492 (1893).

[997] Cross _v._ North Carolina, 132 U.S. 131 (1889).

[998] Ballard _v._ Hunter, 204 U.S. 241, 258 (1907); Lyons _v._ Oklahoma, 322 U.S. 596 (1944); Gryger _v._ Burke, 334 U.S. 728 (1948).

[999] McDonald _v._ Oregon R. & Nav. Co., 233 U.S. 665, 670 (1914).

[1000] Caldwell _v._ Texas, 137 U.S. 691, 692, 698 (1891); Bergemann _v._ Backer, 157 U.S. 655, 656 (1895).

[1001] Rogers _v._ Peck, 199 U.S. 425, 435 (1905).

[1002] West _v._ Louisiana, 194 U.S. 258 (1904).

[1003] Chicago L. Ins. Co. _v._ Cherry, 244 U.S. 25, 30 (1917).

[1004] Standard Oil Co. _v._ Missouri ex rel. Hadley, 224 U.S. 270, 287 (1912); Patterson _v._ Colorado ex rel. Attorney General, 205 U.S. 454, 461 (1907); Stockholders _v._ Sterling, 300 U.S. 175, 182 (1937)

[1005] Virginia _v._ Rives, 100 U.S. 313, 318 (1880).

[1006] Minneapolis & St. L.R. Co. _v._ Beckwith, 129 U.S. 26, 28, 29 (1889).

[1007] Yick Wo _v._ Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 373, 374 (1886).

[1008] Snowden _v._ Hughes, 321 U.S. 1, 8 (1944).

[1009] Truax _v._ Corrigan, 257 U.S. 312 (1921).

[1010] Neal _v._ Delaware, 103 U.S. 370 (1881).

[1011] Sh.e.l.ley _v._ Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948).

[1012] Ibid. 19.

[1013] Missouri ex rel. Gaines _v._ Canada, 305 U.S. 337, 343 (1938).

[1014] Smith _v._ Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944). _Cf._ Nixon _v._ Herndon, 273 U.S. 536 (1927); Nixon _v._ Condon, 286 U.S. 73 (1932); Grovey _v._ Townsend, 295 U.S. 45 (1938).

[1015] Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 81 (1873).

[1016] Chicago, B. & Q.R. Co. _v._ Iowa, 94 U.S. 155 (1877); Peik _v._ Chicago & Northwestern R. Co., 94 U.S. 164 (1877); Chicago, M. & St.

P.R. Co. _v._ Ackley, 94 U.S. 179 (1877); Winona & St. P.R. Co. _v._ Blake, 94 U.S. 180 (1877).

[1017] Santa Clara County _v._ Southern P.R. Co., 118 U.S. 394 (1886).

The ruling stood unchallenged until 1938 when Justice Black a.s.serted in a dissenting opinion that "I do not believe the word 'person' in the Fourteenth Amendment includes corporations." Connecticut General Life Insurance Co. _v._ Johnson, 303 U.S. 77, 85 (1938). More recently Justice Douglas expressed the same view in a dissenting opinion in which Justice Black concurred. Wheeling Steel Corporation _v._ Glander, 337 U.S. 562, 576 (1949).

[1018] Yick Wo _v._ Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 369 (1886).

[1019] Newark _v._ New Jersey, 262 U.S. 192 (1923); Williams _v._ Baltimore, 289 U.S. 36 (1933).

[1020] _Cf._ Hillsborough _v._ Cromwell, 326 U.S. 620 (1846).

[1021] Blake _v._ McClung, 172 U.S. 239, 261 (1898); Sully _v._ American Nat. Bank, 178 U.S. 289 (1900).

[1022] Kentucky Finance Corp. _v._ Paramount Auto Exchange Corp., 262 U.S. 544 (1923).

[1023] Hillsborough _v._ Cromwell, 326 U.S. 620 (1946).

[1024] Wheeling Steel Corp. _v._ Glander, 337 U.S. 562 (1949); Hanover Insurance Co. _v._ Harding, 272 U.S. 494 (1926).

[1025] Fire a.s.so. of Philadelphia _v._ New York, 119 U.S. 110 (1886).

[1026] Yick Wo _v._ Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 369 (1886).

[1027] Barbier _v._ Connolly, 113 U.S. 27, 31 (1885).

[1028] Ibid. 31-32.

[1029] Truax _v._ Corrigan, 257 U.S. 312, 332-333 (1921).

[1030] Barrett _v._ Indiana, 229 U.S. 26 (1913).

[1031] Watson _v._ Maryland, 218 U.S. 173 (1910).

[1032] Orient Ins. Co. _v._ Daggs, 172 U.S. 557, 562 (1899).

[1033] Bachtel _v._ Wilson, 204 U.S. 36, 41 (1907). _See also_ Frost _v._ Corporation Commission, 278 U.S. 515, 522 (1929); Smith _v._ Cahoon, 283 U.S. 553, 566-567 (1931).

[1034] Lindsley _v._ Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61 (1911).

[1035] Middleton _v._ Texas Power & Light Co., 249 U.S. 152, 157 (1919); Madden _v._ Kentucky, 309 U.S. 83 (1940).