Orthography Part 26

#phon# = sound.

1. _eu_ phony, well 2. phon _etic_, pertaining to 3. phon _ic_, pertaining to 4. phono _graph_, write 5. _sym_ phony, with 6. _tele_ phone, far

#polis# = city.

1. _acro_ polis, high, upper 2. _Anna_ polis, Ann 3. _Constantin_ ople, Constanine 4. _Indiana_ polis, Indiana 5. _metro_ polis, mother 6. _Minne_ apolis, Minne 7. police 8. politics

1. The _acropolis_ was the _upper_ part of a Grecian _city_. It commanded a view of the surrounding country.

2. Named for Queen _Ann_.

3. A contraction of Constantinopolis. Named for _Constantine_.

4. _Indiana_ means, literally, the _land_ of the _Indians_.

_Indianapolis_ means _city_ of _Indiana_.

5. The _metropolis_ is the chief, or _mother city_, of the state or country.

6. The _city_ of _Minne_ (haha).

7. A _police_ force is a body of civil officers in a _city_ organized for its protection.

8. _Politics_ is the science of government in state or _city_.

#scop# = view.

1. _horo_ scope, hour 2. _kaleido_ scope, beautiful + form 3. _micro_ scope, small 4. _stereo_ scope, solid 5. _tele_ scope, far

1. The _horoscope_ is an instrument for _viewing_ the heavens at the _hour_ of one's birth, by which the astrologers professed to foretell the events of a person's life.

2. The _kaleidoscope_ is an optical instrument in which an endless variety of _beautiful_ patterns or _forms_ may be _viewed_ by changing its position.

4. The _stereoscope_ is an instrument, with two eye gla.s.ses, for giving to pictures the appearance of _solid_ forms as seen in nature.

PART TWO

Letters, Sounds, Syllables, Words, Principles of p.r.o.nunciation, and Rules of Spelling.

SEVENTH YEAR.

(First Month.)

TERMS TO BE DEFINED.

An ELEMENTARY SOUND is the simplest sound of spoken language.

There are forty-four elementary sounds in the English language. As there are only twenty-six letters in the alphabet some letters represent more than one sound. Certain marks or distinguis.h.i.+ng characters used with the letters to indicate the various sounds are called DIACRITICAL MARKS.

PHONOTYPY is a method of representing each of the elementary sounds by a distinct printed character or letter.

The VOCALS or TONICS are those elementary sounds made by an unmodified or uninterrupted tone of the voice; as a, e.

The SUBVOCALS or SUBTONICS are those elementary sounds made by the tone of the voice modified by the organs of speech, making an undertone; as b, d, g, r.

The ASPIRATES or ATONICS are those elementary sounds made by merely breathing modified by the organs of speech; sometimes called breath sounds; as p, t, s.

TABLE OF ELEMENTARY SOUNDS.

[From Swett's Normal Word Book.]

_I. Vocals._

+--------------+----------------------+ a a-le, ai-m a a-lms, a-rt a? a?-ll, b-a?-ll a a-n, m-a-n a c?-a-re, a-ir ? ?-sk, f-?-st e e-ve, b-e e e-nd, m-e-n ? h-?-r, ?-rr i, ? i-ce, b-?

i, y? i-t, h-y?-mn o o-ld, n-o o o-n, n-o-t o?, o?o m-o-ve, m-o?o-n u u-se, m-u-se u u-p, b-u-t u u-rge, b-u-rn ?, o?o f-?-ll, w-o?o-l oi, oy oi-l, b-oy ou, ow ou-t, ow-l +--------------+----------------------+

_II. Subvocals._

+----------+-----------------------+ b b-i-b, b-a-be d d-i-d, d-ea-d ? ?-i-?, ?-a-?

j j-ar, j-et l l-u-ll, te-ll m m-ai-m, c?a-me n n-u-n, n-o-ne ng, ? ri-ng, i-?-k r r-oa-r, r-ea-r th th-ese, wi-th v val-ue, v-ain w w-ell, w-eb y y-es, y-et z z-one, z-est zh, z a-z'-ure, sei-z'-ure +----------+-----------------------+

_III. Aspirates._

+--------------+-------------------------+ f f-i-fe, o-ff h h-at, h-ome k k-ite, k-ill p p-i-pe, to-p s s-un, s-ame t t-en-t, t-ar-t ch ch-ur-ch, ch-ild sh sh-all, wi-sh th th-in, th-ree wh wh-ere, wh-y +--------------+-------------------------+

NOTE.-The foregoing forty-four sounds are those most employed in the English language. Some of these sounds are represented by other letters, as shown in the following:

#IV.-Table of Equivalents.#

[Dictionary Work-Metcalf & DeGarmo.]

CHAR. EQUIV.

e = i ? = i = u a = e_ a = e o = a? (_broad a_) o? = o?o = ?

i = y?

u = ?

o = ?