The English Utilitarians Volume I Part 8

[157] Nine volumes of Dugald Stewart's works, edited by Sir W. Hamilton, appeared from 1854 to 1856; a tenth, including a life of Stewart by J.

Veitch, appeared in 1858, and an eleventh, with an index to the whole, in 1860. The chief books are the _Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind_ (in vols. ii., iii. and iv., originally in 1792, 1814, 1827); _Philosophical Essays_ (in vol. v., originally 1810); _Philosophy of the Active and Moral Powers of Man_ (vols. vi. and vii., originally in 1828); _Dissertation on the Progress of Philosophy_ (in vol. i.; originally in _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, in 1815 and 1821). The lectures on Political Economy first appeared in the _Works_, vols. viii. and ix.

[158] _Works_, vi. ('Preface').

[159] _Works_ (Life of Reid), x. 304-8.

[160] Reid's _Works_ (Hamilton), p. 302.

[161] Reid's _Works_ (Hamilton), p. 88.

[162] _Ibid._ 206.

[163] _Ibid._ 267.

[164] Stewart's remarks on his life of Reid: Reid's _Works_, p. 12, etc.

[165] _The World as Will and Idea_ (Haldane & Kemp), ii. 186. Reid's '_Inquiry_,' he adds, is ten times better worth reading than all the philosophy together which has been written since Kant.

[166] 'We are inspired with the sensation, as we are inspired with the corresponding perception, by means unknown.'--Reid's _Works_, 188.

'This,' says Stewart, 'is a plain statement of fact.'--Stewart's _Works_, ii. 111-12.

[167] See Rosmini's _Origin of Ideas_ (English translation), i. p. 91, where, though sympathising with Reid's aim, he admits a 'great blunder.'

[168] Stewart's _Works_, v. 24-53. Hamilton says in a note (p. 41) that Jeffrey candidly confessed Stewart's reply to be satisfactory.

[169] _Ibid._ ii. 46.

[170] _Ibid._ ii. 45-67.

[171] _Ibid._ ii. 159.

[172] _Ibid._ v. 21.

[173] Stewart's _Works_, ii. 165-93; iii. 81-97. Schopenhauer (_The World as Will and Idea_, ii. 240) admires Reid's teaching upon this point, and recommends us not 'to waste an hour over the scribblings of this shallow writer' (Stewart).

[174] Rosmini's _Origin of Ideas_ (English translation), i. 96-176.

[175] _Ibid._ i. 147 _n._

[176] Stewart's _Works_, iv. 29, 35, 38, and v. 149-88.

[177] _Ibid._ ii. 97, etc., and iii. 235, 389, 417.

[178] _Works_, vii. 13-34.

[179] _Ibid._ vii. 26, etc.

[180] _Works_, iv. 265.

[181] _Ibid._ ii. 52.

[182] _Ibid._ v. 10.

[183] _Works_, ii. 155.

[184] _Ibid._ ii. 337.

[185] _Works_, vi. 46; vii. 11.

[186] _Ibid._ vii. 46.

[187] _Ibid._ i. 357.

[188] _Works_, vi. 320.

[189] _Ibid._ vi. 279.

[190] _Ibid._ vi. 297.

[191] _Works_, vi. 295. Cf. v. 83.

[192] _Ibid._ vi. 298-99.

[193] _Ibid._ v. 84.

[194] In _Works_, vi. 205-6, he quotes Dumont's _Bentham_; but his general silence is the more significant, as in the lectures on Political Economy he makes frequent and approving reference to Bentham's tract upon usury.

[195] _Works_, vii. 236-38.

[196] _Ibid._ vi. 221.

[197] _Works_, vi. 213.

[198] _Ibid._ vi. 199.

[199] _Works_, vi. 111.

[200] _Works_, v. 117 18. I have given some details as to Stewart's suffering under an English proselyte of Kant in my _Studies of a Biographer_.

CHAPTER V

BENTHAM'S LIFE

I. EARLY LIFE