Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 154

=COLD CREAM.= A snow-white, bland ointment, about the consistence of good lard, and an admirable subst.i.tute for that excipient where expense is no object, especially for applications about the face. It is commonly sold as a lip-salve and as a healing application to abraded and chapped surfaces generally. The ordinary receipts are given under the head of COSMETIC CERATE (which _see_). The following produces a superior article.

_Prep._ (Dr L. Turnbull.) From white wax, 1 oz.; oil of almonds, 4 oz.; rose-water, 2 oz.; borax, 1/2 dr.; oil of roses, 5 drops. Melt, and dissolve the wax in the oil of almonds by a gentle heat; dissolve the borax in the rose-water, which is then to be warmed a little and added to the heated oil; lastly, add the oil of roses, stirred.

=COL'IC.= _Syn._ COL'ICA, L. The belly-ache or gripes. The name is popularly given to all severe griping abdominal pains, without reference to the cause. There are several varieties of this disease, as noticed below.

=Colic, Accident'al.= Produced by improper food, and poisons. The treatment may be similar to that recommended for bilious or flatulent colic.

=Colic, Bil'ious.= In this variety the pain is intermittent and transient, accompanied by constipation, nausea, and vomiting. The faeces, if any, are bilious, dark-coloured, and offensive. The common remedies are, a full dose of blue pill, calomel, colocynth, or aloes, followed by a sufficient quant.i.ty of Epsom salts or Glauber's salts. Warm fomentations are also serviceable.

=Colic, Flat'ulent.= Marked by constipation, and the irregular distension of the bowels by gas, accompanied by a rumbling noise, &c. It is commonly produced by the use of indigestible vegetables and slops. The remedies are, a full dose of tincture of rhubarb combined with a few drops of essence of peppermint. If this does not afford relief, an Abernethy pill may be taken, washed down with a gla.s.s of any cordial water, as peppermint, cinnamon, or caraway. When the pain is extreme, warm fomentations to the belly, or a carminative clyster, will generally give relief. The Editor has found castor oil and Collis Browne's chlorodyne of great benefit in this complaint.

=Colic, Paint'er's.= _Syn._ PLUMB'ER'S COLIC, DEVONs.h.i.+RE C., LEAD C.; COL'ICA PICTO'NUM, L. The dry belly-ache. It is marked by obstinate costiveness, acrid bilious vomitings, violent pains about the region of the navel, convulsive spasms in the intestines, and a tendency to paralysis in the extremities. It is most prevalent in the cider counties, and amongst persons exposed to the fumes of lead. The remedies are the same as for the spasmodic variety. Should these fail, after the bowels have been thoroughly evacuated, small doses of camphor and opium may be administered, and sulphuric beer or sweetened water very slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid, had recourse to as a beverage. Mr Benson, the managing director of the British White-lead Works at Birmingham, says:--"Although during several weeks after the addition of the sulphuric acid to the treacle beer, drank at the works, little advantage seemed to be derived, yet the cases of lead colic became gradually less frequent, and since October of that year, or during a period of fifteen months, not a single case of lead colic has occurred amongst the people." ('Lancet.') See BEER, SULPHURIC ACID, and SULPHURIC ACID.

=Colic, Spasmod'ic.= Marked by a fluctuating pain about the navel, which goes away and returns by starts, often leaving the patient for some time.

The belly is usually soft, and the intestines may often be felt in lumps, which move about under the hand, or are wholly absent for a time. It is unaccompanied by flatulency. The remedies are warm fomentations, warm clysters, and carminatives, accompanied by small doses of camphor and opium.

=Colic, Stercora'ceous.= Marked by severe griping pains and constipation of the bowels. The remedies are powerful cathartics, as full doses of calomel, aloes, colocynth, jalap, &c., followed by purgative salts, as sulphate of magnesia, or sulphate of soda.

=Colic in Horses.= First give the horse a sharp trot, and apply friction over the belly, and follow this up with a drench of warm gruel to which has been added a gla.s.s or two of whisky or gin. Should these fail to give relief, let 4 dr. of aloes be rubbed down in a pint of hot water, and when the mixture becomes cool enough, add from thirty to sixty drops of strong solution of ammonia. Where the spasms and distress continue severe, and with little intermission, the physic may be followed in an hour with 2 dr.

of tincture of aconite, given with an ounce of spirit of chloroform, in a little water, and repeated every hour; soap and water clysters should be administered every half hour, and friction and hot fomentations applied to the abdomen.

=COLLO'DION.= _Syn._ COLLO'DIUM, L., B. P. A viscid fluid formed by dissolving pyroxylin (Schonbein's gun-cotton) in a mixture of ether and alcohol. In _surgery_ it is used in its natural state, and combined with certain elastic and medicinal substances. In _photography_ it is used in combination with agents that render it sensitive to the action of light.

=Collodion.= _Syn._ PLAIN COLLODION. The following are the best methods of preparing plain collodion for surgical purposes:--

_Prep._ 1. (Ph. U. S.) Nitrate of pota.s.sa, in powder, 10 oz.; sulphuric acid, 8-1/2 fl. oz.; triturate together in a wedgwood mortar until uniformly mixed; then add of fine carded cotton (free from impurities), 1/2 oz.; and by means of the pestle or a gla.s.s rod, saturate it thoroughly with the liquor for a period of about 3 or 4 minutes; next transfer the cotton to a vessel containing water, and wash it in successive portions of pure water, with agitation and pressure, until the was.h.i.+ngs cease to affect litmus paper or a solution of chloride of barium; it is then to be spread out and dried by a very gentle heat, and dissolved by agitation in a stoppered bottle with rectified sulphuric ether, 1 quart, to which rectified spirit (alcohol), 1 fl. oz., has been previously added.

2. (Mialhe.) Nitrate of pota.s.sa, 40 parts; concentrated sulphuric acid, 60 parts; carded cotton, 2 parts; proceed as last until the dry cotton is obtained, then take of the prepared cotton, 8 parts; rectified sulphuric ether, 125 parts; mix in a well-stoppered bottle, and agitate it for some minutes; then add gradually, rectified alcohol, 1 part; and continue to shake until the whole of the liquid acquires a syrupy consistency. It may be now pa.s.sed through a cloth; but a better way to prevent loss is to let it repose for a few days, and then decant the clear portion.

3. (Lauras.) This process only differs from No. 2 in the following particulars:--The cotton is immersed for 12 minutes, then rinsed 2 or 3 times in cold water, and afterwards immersed in a solution of carbonate of pota.s.sa, 4 parts, and water, 200 parts. Lastly, it is plunged again into simple water, and dried at a temperature of 77 to 86 Fahr.

4. (B. P.) Pyroxylin, 1 part; rectified spirit, 12 parts; ether, 36 parts; mix the ether and spirit, and add the pyroxylin. Keep in a well-corked bottle.

5. (Parrish.) Thoroughly saturate clean carded cotton, 1/2 oz., with fuming nitric acid and sulphuric acid, of each 4 fl. oz., previously mixed and allowed to become cool; macerate for 12 hours; wash the cotton in a large quant.i.ty of water; then free it from the water by successive was.h.i.+ngs in alcohol, and dissolve in ether, 3 pints.

_Obs._ For success in the manufacture of collodion it is absolutely necessary to avoid the presence of water. The ordinary commercial oil of vitriol, sp. gr. 184, may be used. Professor Procter, of Philadelphia, gives preference to the process with the mixed acids (No. 5), and directs that the cotton should be allowed to macerate for four days. In drying the cotton great care should be taken to prevent an explosion.

_Uses, &c._ In _surgery_ plain collodion is employed as a dressing for wounds, and as a protection to abraded surfaces. On drying, it unites the former closely, and preserves the latter from the action of the air. It is impervious to water, and being transparent, it admits of the progress of the wound being inspected when necessary. Such is its adhesive power, that a piece of cloth cemented with it to the dry palm of the hand will support a weight of 25 to 30 lbs. The parts to which it is applied should be freed from moisture. See COLLODIONS, COLOURED, ELASTIC, MEDICATED and VESICATING (_below_).

=Collodion, Blis'tering.= See VESICATING COLLODION.

=Collodion, Col'oured.= _Syn._ COLLODIUM TINCTUM, L. _Prep._ (Cutan.

Hosp.) Collodion, 2 oz.; palm oil, 1 dr.; alkanet root, q. s. to colour (say 15 gr.); digest and decant the clear. Colour bears a greater resemblance to the skin than that of common collodion, whilst it is more flexible; but it is weaker than the latter.

=Collodion, Elas'tic.= _Prep._ 1. (Lauras.) Heat together Venice turpentine, 2 parts; castor oil, 2 parts; and white wax, 2 parts; add sulphuric ether, 6 parts; and mix all with the product of No. 3 (_above_), that is, to the collodion formed with 8 parts of prepared cotton, 125 ether, and 8 alcohol.

2. (C. S. Rand.) Dissolve prepared cotton (No. 5, _above_), 2 dr., in sulphuric ether, 5 fl. oz.; then add, Venice turpentine, 2 dr., and complete the solution by slight agitation.

_Obs._ The collodion made by either of the above processes, when applied to the skin, forms a transparent pellicle, more pliable and more difficult to remove than that of ordinary collodion.

=Collodion, Flexible.= COLLODION FLEXILE. (B. P.) Mix collodion (B. P.), 6 fl. oz., with Canada balsam, 120 gr.; and castor oil, 1 fl. dr., and keep in a well-corked bottle.

=Collodion, Hemostatic.= Collodion, 10 parts; carbolic acid, 1 part; tannic acid, 1/2 part; benzoic acid, 1/2 part; all by weight. To be applied with a pencil brush.

=Collodion, Iodised.= This may be made at one operation; it should be kept two days before being used, but is less reliable if kept for any length of time than the sensitised collodion described below. It is made as follows:--Place 16 grains of gun-cotton in a bottle, add 18 grains of iodide of cadmium in powder, 6 grains of bromide of cadmium in powder, and 1-1/2 oz. of spirits of wine (sp. gr. 0805). Shake the bottle until the iodide and bromide are dissolved, then add 3 oz. of ether, sp. gr. 0720, and shake until the cotton is dissolved. After settling for twenty-four hours, decant the clear portion into small well-stoppered bottles.

=Collodion, Med'icated.= It has been proposed to medicate collodion in several ways, but the practice has not found much favour with the medical profession. The following preparations have been described:--

COLLODION, ACONITE. From aconite root, by a similar formula to that of BELLADONNA C. (_below_).

COLLODION, BELLADONNA. _Prep._ Macerate select belladonna leaves, powdered, 8 oz., in ether, 12 fl. oz., with alcohol (95%), 4 fl. oz., for six hours. Pack in a percolator, and pour en alcohol till a pint of tincture is obtained; in this dissolve pyroxylin (gun-cotton), 1 dr., and Canada balsam, 1/2 oz. Used as a subst.i.tute for BELLADONNA PLASTER.

COLLODION, CANTHARIDIN. See COLLODION, VESICATING.

COLLODION, IODINE. _Prep._ Dissolve iodine and Canada balsam, of each 1/2 oz., in collodion, 1 pint. Used as a subst.i.tute for IODINE OINTMENT.

=Collodion, Morphia.= (L'Union Medicale.) Dissolve 1 part of hydrochlorate of morphia in 30 parts of flexible collodion, and apply with a camel-hair brush.

=Collodion, Photograph'ic.= 1. There are so many methods adopted for preparing photographic collodion, that a large volume might be filled with notices of them. We have retained Mr Hardwich's forms, which were formerly much esteemed by practical photographers, and appended to them modern formulae which are now, we believe, in much greater demand, and for which we are indebted to Mr Ernest Spon's valuable book 'Workshop Receipts.'

2. Pyroxylin, and iodide of cadmium, or ammonium, of each 15 gr.; ether, 3-1/2 oz.; alcohol, 1-1/2 oz. Place the two first in a dry bottle, then pour on the spirits of wine, shake the mixture well, then add the ether, shake again and let it stand for 12 hours. Decant the clear portion into a wide-mouthed bottle, keep well stoppered, and in the dark. Avoid shaking the bottle when about to use the collodion, and never quite use all the bottle contains, as the sediment which will acc.u.mulate at the bottom would spoil the picture. The preparation of a sensitive collodion, whether positive or negative, includes three distinct operations, namely, the formation of the pyroxylin or gun-cotton, the conversion of this into plain collodion, and the final process of iodising the collodion.

=Collodion, Plain.= Mix in a bottle gun-cotton, 450 gr.; ether, 25 oz.; spirits of wine, 7 oz. Shake these well together, and leave to settle several days. Keep well corked.

=Collodion, Pos'itive.= (Hardwich.) To form the PYROXYLIN:--Take sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 1845, at 60 Fahr., 12 fl. oz.; nitric acid, sp. gr. 145, at 60, 12 fl. oz.; water, 3-1/2 fl. oz.; mix, and allow the temperature to fall to 140; then immerse cotton, 300 grains. (If the cotton is found to gelatinise or dissolve in the acid mixture, the quant.i.ty of water is too great, and may be reduced to 3 fl. oz.) The cotton should be well pulled out in pieces, weighing about 30 grains each; and should be left in the acid for about 8 minutes, the vessel being covered over. It is taken out with a gla.s.s spatula, squeezed to remove acid, washed for at least 24 hours by a stream of water, then squeezed in a cloth, and pulled out to dry. To form the PLAIN COLLODION:--Shake up the dry pyroxylin, 48 grains, with alcohol, sp. gr. 805, 1-1/2 fl. oz., and then add ether, sp. gr.

725, 4-1/2 fl. oz. The solution should be allowed to rest for a week or ten days, when the clear fluid should be decanted from the sediment. To prepare the IODISING SOLUTION:--Take of iodide of ammonium, 1-1/2 dr.; iodide of cadmium, 1-1/2 dr.; bromide of ammonium, 40 grains; powder, and dissolve in alcohol, sp. gr. 805 to 816, 10 fl. oz. The collodion is iodised by adding the solution to it in the proportion of 1 part solution to 3 parts collodion. The iodised collodion should be kept for at least six weeks before using. If required for immediate use, add a few drops of an alcoholic solution of iodine, formed by dissolving 5 grains of iodine in 1 fl. oz. of alcohol.

_Obs._ Mr Hardwich recommends that the cotton, before being converted into pyroxylin, should be cleansed by boiling for two hours in a solution of caustic pota.s.sa (2 oz. to the gallon), and by being afterwards repeatedly washed and dried. The purest nitric acid, sp. gr. 145, should be employed, but the ordinary commercial sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol) is sufficiently pure for use. To purify the ETHER and to get rid of a certain ozonised principle which would decompose the iodising solution, Mr Hardwich recommends the following process:--Take the best washed ether of commerce and agitate it thoroughly with a small portion of dilute sulphuric acid, and then introduce it into a retort, and distil over one third. The alcohol used is of the strength of that sold for absolute alcohol; it should be pure.

=Collodion, Neg'ative.= (Hardwich.) To form the PYROXYLIN:--Take of sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 1845, at 60, 18 fl. oz.; nitric acid, sp. gr.

1475, at 60, 6 fl. oz.; water, 5-1/4 fl. oz.; cotton, 300 grains. Mix, and allow the temperature to fall to 150 Fahr. The weight of the pyroxylin ought to be 375 grains. To form the PLAIN COLLODION:--Take alcohol, sp. gr. 806, 1/2 gallon; ether, sp. gr. 725, 1 gall.; pyroxylin, 1900 grains. Saturate the pyroxylin with the alcohol, then pour in half a gallon of the ether, agitate for 3 or 4 minutes, and repeat the process in adding the remainder. Decant the clear liquid from the sediment after a week or ten days' rest. The following forms for IODISING SOLUTIONS are recommended:--_a._ (Pota.s.sium Iodiser.) Iodide of pota.s.sium, 135 grains; alcohol, sp. gr. 816, 10 fl. oz. Powder and dissolve in the alcohol, previously heated to 140.--_b._ (Cadmium Iodiser.) Iodide of cadmium, 170 grains; alcohol, sp. gr. 816, 10 fl. oz. Dissolve in the cold, and filter.--_c._ (Bromo-iodiser.) Bromide of ammonium, 40 grains; iodide of ammonium, 90 grains; iodide of cadmium, 90 grains; alcohol, sp.

gr. 816, 10 fl. oz. Pulverise and dissolve in the cold. To sensitise the collodion, add to three parts one part of either _a_, _b_, or _c_.

_Obs._ Most of the practical directions given under the head of POSITIVE COLLODION apply equally to NEGATIVE COLLODION. Nothing but patient and intelligent practice will ever lead to success in preparing collodion for photographic purposes. Although formulae of undoubted excellence may be used, it continually happens that the results are entirely nugatory from some trifling cause. See PHOTOGRAPHY.

=Collodion, Sensitised.= Add to 1 oz. of the plain collodion 6 drams of spirits of wine; 1-3/4 oz. of ether; and 3 drams of iodide and bromide solution (see _below_). Shake the bottle well; the mixture is then ready, but is improved by being kept four or five hours before using. In hot weather a little more alcohol and less ether; in very cold weather more ether and less alcohol must be used. As sensitised collodion does not keep well, it is better not to mix the plain collodion and the iodide and bromide solution until shortly before required for use.

=Iodide and Bromide Solution.= Iodide of cadmium 154 grains; bromide of cadmium 54 grains; spirits of wine, 3-1/2 ounces. Pound the iodide and bromide very fine in a mortar, adding the spirit gradually; when the iodide and bromide are dissolved, pa.s.s the solution through a filter paper into a bottle. Must be kept in a closely-stoppered bottle.

=Collodion, Styptic.= _Syn._ STYPTIC COLLOID. (Dr Richardson.) To a saturated solution of tannic acid in alcohol and ether, in equal parts, add as much pyroxylin as the liquid will dissolve.

=Collodion, Ves'icating.= _Syn._ BLIS'TERING COLLODION, CANTHAR'IDIN C.; COLLO'DIUM VES'ICANS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Tichborne.) Coa.r.s.ely powdered cantharides, 6 oz., are placed loosely in a displacement apparatus (provided with a tap to regulate the flow), and treated with ether from methylated spirit, 13 fl. oz., and glacial acetic acid, 2 fl. oz., previously mixed together. After the fluid has pa.s.sed through, it will be found that the _debris_ has retained by absorption 7 fl. oz., which must be displaced by the gradual addition of methylated spirits of wine, 7 fl.

oz. If properly managed, there is not the least danger of the admixture of the spirits with the percolated menstruum, as the animal substance of the flies swells considerably under the prolonged influence of the spirits of wine, so that the same bulk will be insufficient to quite displace the ether. The ethereal solution should be made to measure exactly 15 fl. oz.

with a little spirit, and may then be converted into a collodion by the addition of pyroxylin, 1/2 oz.

_Obs._ The glacial acid plays a double part in this preparation. It dissolves the cantharidin, and at the same time gives to the collodion film the essential property of porosity. Ordinary collodion is useless as an excipient, for it produces a tough and contractile film, which really screens the skin from the action of the greater part of the blistering material.

2. (Ilisch.) Cantharidin, 15 gr.; pyroxylin, 20 gr.; rectified ether, 1-1/2 oz.; acetic ether, 1/2 oz.; dissolve.