Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 231

=Spirit of Sulphu'ric E'ther.= See SPIRIT OF ETHER (_above_).

=Spirit of Vitriol (Sweet).= See AROMATIC SPIRIT OF ETHER (_above_).

=Spirit, Vul'nerary.= _Syn._ VULNERARY WATER, ARQUEBUSADE; SPIRITUS VULNERARIUS, L.; EAU D'ARQUEBUSADE, Fr. _Prep._ 1. Dried tops of sage, wormwood, fennel, hyssop, marjoram, savory, thyme, rosemary, calamint, balm, peppermint, and scordium, fresh leaves of angelica and basil, and lavender flowers, of each 4 oz.; proof spirit, 2 galls.; digest for 14 days, and distil over 1-1/2 gall.

2. Rosemary leaves, 1-1/2 lb.; leaves of thyme and summits of millefoil, of each 1/2 lb.; juniper berries, 3 oz.; proof spirit, 2 galls,; distil over 5 quarts.

_Obs._ This preparation is stimulant and vulnerary, and is in great repute on the Continent as a cosmetic and cordial.

=SPIRITS (Perfumed).= _Syn._ SPIRITUS ODORIFERI, ODORES SPIRITUOSI, L. The odoriferous spirits of the perfumer are, for the most part, prepared from various aromatic and odorous substances, by a similar process to that described under ESSENCES and SPIRITS (Medicinal); but in this case a perfectly pure, flavourless, and scentless spirit must be employed. The distillation should also be preferably conducted by steam, or the heat of a water bath, and the distilled spirit should be kept for some time in a cellar, or other cold situation, previously to being used. When simple solution of an essential oil in the spirit is adopted, cart should be taken that the oil is pale and new; or, at least, has not been much exposed to the air; as in that case it would contain resin, which would make the perfumed spirit, or essence, liable to stain delicate articles of clothing to which it may be applied. Most of the 'eaux' and 'esprits' of the perfumers are prepared by one or other of the above methods. It is found, however, that the perfumed spirits of some of the more delicate flowers cannot be well obtained by either infusion or distillation, or by the simple solution of their essential oils in spirit; or, at least, they are not usually so prepared by the foreign perfumers. The spirits of orange flowers, jasmin, tuberose, jonquille, roses, and of some other flowers, and of ca.s.sia, vanilla, &c., are commonly prepared by digesting pure rectified spirit for 3 or 4 days on half its weight of the respective pommades or oils, obtained by infusion or contact. The operation is performed in a closed vessel placed in a water bath, and frequent agitation is employed for 3 or 4 days, when the perfumed spirit is decanted into a second digester, containing a like quant.i.ty of oil to the first. The whole process is repeated a second and a third time, after which the spirit is allowed to settle and is then decanted. It now forms the most fragrant and perfect odoriferous spirit (extrait) of the Continental perfumer. The product is called 'esprit' or 'extrait of the first infusion.' The three portions of oil are then treated again with fresh spirit in the same manner, and thus spirits or essences of inferior quality are obtained, which are distinguished by the perfumers as No. 2, 3, 4, &c., or 'esprits' or 'extraits of the first, second, third,' &c., operation or infusion. In some, though only a very few cases, the spirits are afterwards distilled.

The strength of the spirit for the concentrated essences should not be less than 56 o. p. (sp. gr. 8376); that for eaux, esprits, and extraits, not less than 35 o. p. (sp. gr. 8723). The strength of the second quality of the last three must be fully proof (sp. g. 920). See ALCOHOL, DISTILLATION, ESSENCE, OILS, POMMADE, &c., and _below_.

=Eau d'Ambre Royale.= [Fr.] From essences of ambergris and musk, of each 1 fl. oz.; spirit of ambrette and orange-flower water, of each 1 pint; rectified spirit, 1 quart; mix.

=Eau d'Ange.= [Fr.] From flowering tops of myrtle (bruised), 1-1/2 lb.; rectified spirit, 7 pints; water, 3 pints; digest a week, add of common salt, 2 lbs., and distil 1 gall.

=Eau d'Arquebusade.= [Fr.] See VULNERARY SPIRIT (_back_).

=Eau de Bouquet.= [Fr.] From spirits of rosemary and essence of violets, of each 1 fl. oz.; essences of bergamot and jasmin, of each 1 fl. dr.; oils of verbena and lavender, of each 1/2 fl. dr.; orange-flower water, 1 fl. oz.; eau de rose, 1/2 pint; rectified spirit, 1 quart; mix.

=Eau de Bouquet de Flore.= [Fr.] From spirits of rosemary and roses and essence of violets, of each 1/2 fl. oz.; oil of cedra and essence of ambergris, of each 1 fl. dr.; orange-flower water, 5 fl. oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint.

=Eau des Carmes.= [Fr.] See SPIRIT OF BALM (COMPOUND).

=Eau de Cologne.= [Fr.] _Syn._ COLOGNE WATER; AQUA COLONIENSIS, A. C.

SPIRITUOSA, SPIRITUS COLONIENSIS, L. For the production of good eau de Cologne it is absolutely essential that the spirit be of the purest description, both tasteless and scentless, and that the oils be not only genuine, but recently distilled, as old oils are less odorous, and contain a considerable quant.i.ty of resin and camphor, which prove injurious. When flowers and the flowering tops of plants are ordered, it is also necessary that they be either fresh gathered or well preserved, without drying them.

To produce an article of the finest quality, distillation should be had recourse to. A very excellent eau de Cologne may, however, be produced by simple solution of the oils or essences in the spirit, provided they be new, pale coloured, and pure. The ma.s.s of the eau de Cologne prepared in England, some of which possess the most delicate fragrance, and is nearly equal to the best imported, is made without distillation. In the shops two kinds of this article are generally kept--French and German. That prepared by Farina of Cologne is esteemed the best, and is preferred in the fas.h.i.+onable world.

_Prep._ 1. From essences of bergamot and lemon, of each 1 fl. dr.; oil of orange, 1/2 dr. oil of neroli, 20 drops; oil of rosemary, 10 drops; essence of ambergris and musk, of each 1 drop; rectified spirit, 1/2 pint; mix.

2. Essence of bergamot, 3 fl. oz.; essence of lemon, 3 fl. dr.; essence of cedrat, 2 fl. dr.; oils of neroli and rosemary, of each 1-1/2 fl. dr.; oil of balm, 1/2 fl. dr.; rectified spirit, 1-1/2 gall.; mix.

3. (Cadet Ga.s.sincourt.) Take of pure neroli, essences (oils) of cedrat, orange, lemon, bergamot, and rosemary, of each 24 drops; lesser cardamom seeds, 1/4 oz.; spirit at 32 Baume (sp. gr. 869), 1 quart; digest a few days and then distil 1-1/2 pint.

4. (Farina.) Take of rectified spirit, 5 galls.; calamus aromaticus, sage, and thyme, of each 1/2 dr.; balm-mint and spearmint, of each 1 oz.; angelica root, 10 gr.; camphor, 15 gr.; petals of roses and violets, of each 3 dr.; lavender flowers, 1-1/2 dr.; orange flowers, 1 dr.; wormwood, nutmeg, cloves, ca.s.sia lignea, and mace, of each 20 gr.; oranges and lemons, sliced, of each 2 in no.; bruise or slice the solids, macerate, with agitation, for 48 hours, then distil off 2/3rds, and add to the product--essences of lemon, cedrat, balm-mint, and lavender, of each 1 fl.

dr.; pure neroli and essence of the seeds of anthos, of each 20 drops; essences of jasmin and bergamot, of each 1 fl. oz.; mix well and filter, if necessary.

5. (P. Cod.) Oils of bergamot, lemon, and cedrat, of each 3 oz.; oils of rosemary, lavender, and neroli, of each 1-1/2 oz.; oil of cinnamon, 3/4 oz.; spirit of rosemary, 1 quart; compound spirit of balm (eau de melisse des Carmes), 3 pints; rectified spirit, 3 galls.; digest for 8 days, then distil 3 galls.

6. (Dr A. T. Thomson.) Oils of bergamot, orange, and rosemary, of each 1 fl. dr.; cardamom seeds, 1 dr.; rectified spirit and orange-flower water, of each 1 pint; mix, digest for a day, and then distil a pint.

7. (Trommsdorff.) Oils of neroli, citron, bergamot, orange, and rosemary, of each 12 drops; Malabar cardamoms, bruised, 1 dr.; rectified spirit of wine, 1 quart; mix, and, after standing 2 or 3 days, distil a quart.

_Obs._ Eau de Cologne is princ.i.p.ally used as a perfume, but a very large quant.i.ty is consumed by fas.h.i.+onable ladies as a cordial and stimulant. For this purpose it is dulcified with sugar. A piece of linen dipped in Cologne water, and laid across the forehead, is a fas.h.i.+onable remedy for headache.

=Eau d'Elegance.= [Fr.] From spirit of jessamine, 1 pint; rectified spirit and spirits of hyacinth and storax, of each 1/2 pint; tinctures of star-anise and tolu, of each 2 fl. oz.; tincture of vanilla, 1 fl. oz.; essence of ambergris, 1/2 dr.; mix, and in a week decant the clear portion.

=Eau de Framboises.= [Fr.] From strawberries, bruised, 16 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; digest, and distil to dryness in a salt-water or steam bath.

=Eau d'Heliotrope.= [Fr.] From essence of ambergris, 1/2 fl. dr.; vanilla, 1/2 oz.; orange-flower water, 1/2 pint; rectified spirit, 1 quart; digest a week, and filter.

=Eau d'Hongrie.= [Fr.] _Syn._ HUNGARY WATER; AQUA HUNGARICA, SPIRITUS ROSMARINI COMPOSITUS, L.; EAU DE LA REINE D'HONGRIE, Fr. A fragrant stimulant and cosmetic. Sweetened with sugar it is also used as a liqueur.

_Prep._ 1. Rosemary tops, in blossom, 4 lbs.; fresh sage, 1/2 lb.; bruised ginger, 2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1-1/2 gall.; water, 1/2 gall.; macerate for 10 days, add of common salt, 3 lbs., and then distil 11 pints.

2. From oil of rosemary (genuine), 1-1/2 fl. dr.; oil of lavender, 1/2 dr.; orange flower water, 1/2 pint; rectified spirit, 1-1/2 pint; mix.

SPIRIT OF ROSEMARY (see _above_) is now commonly sold for it.

=Eau d'Ispahan.= [Fr.] From oil of the bitter orange, 2 fl. oz.; oil of rosemary, 2 dr.; oils of cloves and neroli, of each 1 fl. dr.; oil of spearmint, 1/2 fl. dr.; eau de rose, 1 pint; rectified spirit, 7 pints; mix. It is better for distillation. Used as Eau de Cologne.

=Eau de Jasmin.= [Fr.] See ESPRIT DE JASMIN ODORANTE (_below_).

=Eau de Lavande.= [Fr.] _Syn._ LAVENDER WATER, DOUBLE DISTILLED L. W.; AQUA LAVANDULae, A. L. ODORIFERA, SPIRITUS L., L. _Prep._ 1. From the flowering tops of lavender (freshly and carefully picked), 7 lbs.; rectified spirit, 2 gall.; macerate for a week, add of water, 1/2 gall.; (holding in solution) common salt, 3 lbs.; and distil 2 gallons.

2. From Mitcham oil of lavender, 8 oz.; essence of musk, 4 oz.; essence of ambergris and oil of bergamot, of each 1-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 2 gall.; mix well. Very fine.

3. (Brande.) Oil of lavender, 20 oz.; oil of bergamot, 5 oz.; essence of ambergris (finest), 1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 5 gall.; mix.

_Obs._ The products of the last two formulae are better for distillation; but in that case the essences of ambergris and musk should be added to the distilled spirit. The oils should be of the best quality, and newly distilled, and the spirit should be perfectly scentless.

It may be useful to observe here, that the common lavender water, double distilled lavender water, or spirit of lavender of the shops, is made with spirit at proof, or even weaker; hence its inferior quality to that of the more celebrated perfumers. One ounce of true English oil of lavender is all that will properly combine with 1 gall. of proof spirit, without rendering it muddy or cloudy.

Eau de lavande is a most agreeable and fas.h.i.+onable perfume. The article produced by the second formula has received the commendation of Her Majesty and many of the n.o.bility.

=Eau de Lavande de Millefleurs.= To each quart of the ordinary eau de lavande (No. 2 or 3), add of oil of cloves, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; essence of ambergris, 1/2 fl. dr.

=Eau de Lavange (Ammoniacal).= 1. To lavender water, 1 pint; add of liquor of ammonia, 1/2 fl. oz.

2. (P. Cod.) English oil of lavender, 1 oz.; spirit of ammonia, 2 lbs.; dissolve. Used as a stimulating scent in fainting. See PERFUMES (Ammoniated).

=Eau de Luce.= [Fr.] See TINCTURE OF AMMONIA, COMPOUND.

=Eau de Marechale.= [Fr.] _Syn._ EXTRAIT DE MAReCHALE, Fr. 1. From ambergris and grain musk, of each 20 gr.; oils of bergamot, lavender, and cloves, of each 1 oz.; oils of sa.s.safras and origanum, of each 1/2 fl.

dr.; rectified spirit, 2 quarts; macerate with agitation for a week.

2. Rectified spirit, 1 pint; essence of violets, 1 oz.; essences of bergamot and illets, of each 1/4 oz.; orange-flower water, 1/2 pint; mix.

=Eau de Melisse.= [Fr.] See SPIRIT OF BALM, COMPOUND.

=Eau de Miel.= [Fr.] _Syn._ HONEY WATER, SWEET-SCENTED H. W.; AQUA MELLIS, A. M. ODORIFERA, L. _Prep._ 1. Take of spirit of roses (No. 3--see _above_), 2 quarts; spirit of jasmin and rectified spirit, of each 1 quart; essence of Portugal, 1 fl. oz.; essences of vanilla and musk, of each (No. 3) 4 fl. oz.; flowers of benzoin, 1-1/2 dr.; mix, agitate, and add of eau de fleurs d'oranges, 1 quart. Delightfully fragrant.

2. Honey (finest), 1/4 lb.; essence of bergamot, 1/2 oz.; essence of lemon, 1/4 oz.; oil of cloves, 12 drops; musk, 12 gr.; ambergris, 6 gr.; orange-flower and rose water, of each 1 quart; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; macerate for 14 days, with frequent agitation, and filter.

_Obs._ The last is often coloured with 20 or 30 gr. of saffron, and made into a ratafia with sugar. HONEY WATER FOR THE HAIR is a different article to the above. It is obtained by the dry distillation of honey, mixed with an equal weight of clean sand, a gentle heat only being employed. The product is yellowish and acidulous, from the presence of acetic acid. This last is used to promote the growth of the hair.

=Eau de Millefleurs.= [Fr.] _Syn._ EXTRAIT DE MILLEFLEURS, Fr. _Prep._ 1.

From grain musk, 12 gr.; ambergris, 20 gr.; essence of lemon, 1-1/2 oz.; oils of cloves and lavender (English), of each 1 oz.; neroli and oil of verbena, of each 1/2 dr.; rectified spirits, 2 quarts; macerate in a closed vessel, and a warm situation for a fortnight.