The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy Part 1

The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy.

by Allan Ramsay.

PREFACE.

The Publisher being desirous to present the American public with a correct edition of the "GENTLE SHEPHERD," considerable pains have been taken to ascertain the best or standard text. Fortunately, there were, within reach, several of the best editions, as well as others of inferior character. A careful examination of these satisfied us, that, the subscription edition in quarto, printed for the Author by Thomas Ruddiman, in 1728, has higher claims to be considered the standard one, than any other within our knowledge.

For this conclusion, perhaps it might be a sufficient reason to state, that, it was so considered by Andrew Foulis, of Glasgow, who reprinted it in David Allan's celebrated quarto of 1788, undoubtedly the most sumptuous edition of the "GENTLE SHEPHERD" ever published.[1] From the well-known intelligence and proverbial accuracy of the Foulis', and from the fact that the same house reprinted the 10th edition of the Pastoral in 1750, (about eight years before the Author's death,) there can be very little doubt that Andrew Foulis possessed both the means and the inclination to ascertain which was the genuine text, and did so accordingly. But, besides this, the publishers of the octavo of 1798, who seem to have taken unusual pains to give a correct text, have adopted the same edition as the standard, and have given a reprint, still more literal than that of Foulis. Moreover, the same text has been selected for the very elaborate edition of 1808, in two volumes, royal octavo; as well as for the royal quarto, printed by Ballantyne in the same year. It is true the orthography of both these editions of 1808 is altered; that of the octavo being considerably Anglicised; while that of the quarto is changed throughout to the mode of spelling adopted by Burns. The verbal changes, however, are very few.

[Footnote 1: The poet Burns writes of it thus:--"I once, and but once, got a glance of that n.o.ble edition of the n.o.blest pastoral in the world; and dear as it was, I mean dear as to my pocket, I would have bought it; but I was told that it was printed and engraved for subscribers only."

[Burns to Mr. Cunningham, 3d March, 1793.]

The text of the editions of 1761, 1800, and 1850, differs, in several places, from that of the editions before-mentioned. A list of the princ.i.p.al variations, with some further remarks, will be found in the Notes to the present edition. We have searched diligently for an explanation of the origin of these variations, but without success.

They may belong either to the first edition, or, to some one subsequent to 1728. But, be this as it may, we cannot look upon them as improvements.

Neither have we been able to see any warrant for changes in orthography, such as those we have alluded to: we have rather supposed that readers generally, and especially the admirers of Ramsay, would prefer to see his best poem in precisely the same dress in which he ushered it into the world when his poetical powers were in their prime.

In accordance with these views, we have adopted, as the standard text, the quarto of 1728; of which the present edition is nearly a literal reprint. Some obvious typographical errors we have corrected, and a very few changes in orthography have been made; all of which, with one exception, are authorized by the editions of 1788 and 1798. Some what greater liberties have been taken with the punctuation, but in this also, we have been guided by the same editions, with the aid of the octavo of 1808.

Of the "SONGS," the 9th, 11th, and 21st, with the verse at page 57, are the only ones that appear in the quarto of 1728, or in the preceding editions: the remaining eighteen were added, probably, in 1729. In Foulis' edition of 1788, these additional songs are excluded from the body of the poem; but are given, with the music, at the end.

Every other edition, that we have seen, contains the whole twenty-one songs inserted in their proper places, as in the present edition.

Another song (of which the last verse occurs at page 57) was added subsequently, probably after 1750, for it is not to be found among the other songs belonging to the "GENTLE SHEPHERD," published in that year in the "Tea-table Miscellany."[2] It occurs in the edition of 1761, but it is not in those of 1788 and 1798. We have given it complete in the Notes at page 90. In a foot-note to the "Life" at page xviii, will be found a statement, explanatory of the causes why these additional songs were inserted. We quite agree with the writer of that Note, that they mar the beauty of the poem; and, in this edition, we would have preferred to follow the example of David Allan and Foulis in that of 1788; but, it being the opinion of the Publisher, that the Pastoral, in such a form, would be generally considered incomplete, they have been inserted in the usual manner.

[Footnote 2: We have before us two editions of the "Tea-table Miscellany;" one in 3 parts or volumes, 9th edition, London, 1733; the other in 4 volumes, 11th edition, London, 1750. Near the end of the second volume this notice occurs in both editions:--

"The following SONGS to be sung in their proper Places on the acting of the _Gentle Shepherd_, at each the page marked where they come in."

Then follow the first twenty songs; (Song XXI., which concludes the Pastoral, not being noticed;) at the head of each it is stated by whom sung, and the page where it "comes in" is given. It would seem, therefore, that the songs were mainly intended for "_the acting_;" and that many copies of the Pastoral were extant without the songs, to the pages of which these references in the "Miscellany" thus formed an index or guide.]

For these eighteen extra songs we have not had what we can consider a standard text: they have been printed from the edition of 1798, collated with those of 1788 and 1808. We also compared them with those in the "Tea-table Miscellany" of 1733, the oldest copy in our possession, and found no difference of any consequence.

The GLOSSARIES heretofore appended to the "GENTLE SHEPHERD" have been, usually, reprints of that given by Ramsay in the quarto of 1728, which was prepared for his Poems, complete: that in the edition of 1800 being considerably enlarged. In the present edition the Glossary has been restricted chiefly to those words and phrases which occur in the Pastoral; of which, upwards of a hundred and fifty have been omitted in every former edition that we have seen: those are now added, with explanations. The rest of the Glossary has been carefully examined, and some corrections made.

In the "LIFE of Ramsay, by Tennant," we have made one or two corrections; and some additions, derived from various sources, have been inserted. These are distinguished by being enclosed in brackets.

The elaborate ESSAY by Lord Woodhouselee "on the Genius and Writings of Allan Ramsay," so far as it refers to the "GENTLE SHEPHERD," we have given complete, excepting a few quotations in Italian. To this have been added, opinions and criticisms on the Pastoral, by various celebrated authors. These are not entirely confined to expressions of approbation; that of Pinkerton being quite the reverse, although, as we think, singularly unjust.

The PORTRAIT prefixed to this edition is a careful and accurate copy of the print given by Cadell and Davies, in their edition of 1800; respecting which they make the following statement:--"there is prefixed a portrait of the author, which has been finely engraved by Mr. Ryder, from a drawing which was made by Allan Ramsay, the poet's son; the original of which is now in the possession of A. F. Tytler, Esq., of Edinburgh."

In order that we may not be charged with negligence, we subjoin a list of all the editions of the "GENTLE SHEPHERD" to which we have had access during the preparation of the present edition; with a few slight remarks as to the character of these editions.

POEMS:--"Printed for the Author at the Mercury, opposite, to Niddry's Wynd;" 1 vol. small 8vo. Edinburgh, 1720-1.

This is, perhaps, the first collected edition. It contains exactly the same poems (though differently arranged) and glossary, as the subscription 4to. of 1721. It has the _first_ scene of the Pastoral, and the 11th Song.

POEMS:--"Printed by Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, for the Author." 2 vols.

4to. Edinburgh, 1721-28.

This is the subscription and, probably, the "_best edition_." The 1st volume has the _first_ scene of the Pastoral, and the 11th Song: the 2d volume has the Pastoral complete.

*POEMS:--Millar, Rivington, and others; 2 vols. 12mo. London, 1761.

A neat edition, containing exactly the same poems as that of 1721-28.

*POEMS:--Phorson; cheap edition; 2 vols. 12mo. Berwick, 1793.

*POEMS:--Cadell and Davies; 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1800.

This edition is well printed, on good paper: it is commonly called the "best edition;" but, so far as the "Gentle Shepherd" is concerned, it is not so.

POEMS AND PROVERBS:--Oliver and Co.; 3 vols. 18mo. Edinburgh, no date.

Neat edition, with plates, and music to the Songs in the "Gentle Shepherd."

POEMS AND PROVERBS:--Chapman; 2 vols. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1813.

POEMS:--Fairbairn and Anderson; 1 vol. 24mo. Edinburgh, 1819.

Neat but abridged edition; with Life of Ramsay by Wm. Tennant, author of "Anster fair."

*POEMS:--Fullarton and Co.; 3 vols. 12mo. London, 1850.

A very neat edition; a reprint of that of 1800, with additions; appendix, &c.

GENTLE SHEPHERD:--Printed by A. Foulis; 4to. Glasgow, 1788.

An elegant and correct edition, with David Allan's plates, and the songs set to music.

GENTLE SHEPHERD:--Geo. Reid and Co.; 8vo. Edinburgh, 1798.

A very accurate edition, with 5 plates.

GENTLE SHEPHERD:--A. Constable and Co., and others: printed by Abernethy and Walker; 2 vols. roy. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1808.

One of the best editions, with many plates and an elaborate dissertation on the scenery, &c. Understood to have been edited by Robert Brown, Esq., advocate.

GENTLE SHEPHERD:--Watt and Baillie, Leith: Printed by Jas.

Ballantyne and Co.; Edinburgh. roy. 4to. 1808.

A good edition, (with copies of David Allan's plates,) but the orthography much changed.

GENTLE SHEPHERD:--Griffin and Co.; 32mo. Glasgow, 1828.

In all the above editions, with the exception of those of 1788 and 1798, the orthography of the "GENTLE SHEPHERD" is more or less changed from that of the original quarto of 1728.