History of The Reign of Philip The Second King of Spain History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain Part 66
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[571] "Elle connait tout le merite du cardinal, sa haute capacite, son experience des affaires d'Etat, le zele et le devouement qu'il montre pour le service de Dieu et du Roi." Correspondance de Philippe II., tom.
I. p. 266.
[572] "D'un autre cote, elle reconnait que vouloir le maintenir aux Pays-Bas, contre le gre des seigneurs, pourrait entrainer de grands inconvenients, et meme le soulevement du pays." Ibid., ubi supra.
[573] Reiffenberg, Correspondance de Marguerite d'Autriche, p. 26, note.
[574] Vandervynckt, Troubles des Pays-Bas, tom. II. p. 58.
[575] "Vous ne me reconnaitriez plus, tant mes cheveux ont blanchi."
Correspondance de Philippe II., tom. I. p. 268.
[576] Correspondance de Philippe II., tom. I. p. 274.
[577] "Moi, qui ne suis qu'un ver de terre, je suis menace de tant de cotes, que beaucoup doivent me tenir deja pour mort; mais je tacherai, avec l'aide de Dieu, de vivre autant que possible, et si l'on me tue, j'espere qu'on n'aura pas gagne tout par la." Ibid., p. 284.
[578] Archives de la Maison d'Orange-Na.s.sau, tom. I. p. 190.
[579] "Hablandole yo en ello," writes the secretary Perez to Granvelle, "como era razon, me respondio que por su fee antes aventuraria a perder essos estados que hazer esse agravio a V. S. en lo qual conoscera la gran voluntad que le tiene." Papiers d'Etat de Granvelle, tom. VII. p.
102.
[580] "Cada vez que veo los des.p.a.chos de aquellos tres senores de Flandes me mueven la colera de manera que, sino procura.s.se mucho templarla, creo parecia a V. Magd mi opinion de hombre frenetico." Carta del Duque de Alba al Rey, a 21 de Octobre de 1563, MS.
[581] "A los que destos meriten, quiten les las cavecas, hasta poder lo hacer, dissimular con ellos." Ibid.
[582] "Comme je l'ai toujours trouve plein d'empress.e.m.e.nt et de zele pour tout ce qui touche le service da V. M. et l'avantage du pays, je supplie V. M. de faire au comte d'Egmont une reponse affectueuse, afin qu'il ne desespere pas de sa bonte." Correspondance de Philippe II., tom I. p. 281.
[583] The letter--found among the MSS. at Besancon--is given by Dom Prosper Levesque in his life of the cardinal. (Memoires de Granvelle, tom. II. p. 52.) The worthy Benedictine a.s.sures us, in his preface, that he has always given the text of Granvelle's correspondence exactly as he found it; an a.s.surance to which few will give implicit credit who have read this letter, which bears the marks of the reviser's hand in every sentence.
[584] Memoires de Granvelle, tom. II. p. 55.
[585] "Le prince d'Orange est un homme dangereux, fin, ruse, affectant de soutenir le peuple..... Je pense qu'un pareil genie qui a des vues profondes est fort difficile a menager, et qu'il n'est gueres possible de le faire changer." Ibid., pp. 53, 54.
[586] "Causant l'autre jour avec elle, le comte d'Egmont lui montra un grand mecontentement de ce que le Roi n'avait daigne faire un seul mot de reponse ni a lui, ni aux autres. Il dit que, voyant cela, ils etaient decides a ordonner a leur courrier qu'il revint, sans attendre davantage." Correspondance de Philippe II., tom. I. p. 283.
[587] "Il a pense, d'apres ce que le cardinal lui a ecrit, qu'il serait tres a propos qu'il allat voir sa mere, avec la permission de la d.u.c.h.esse de Parme. De cette maniere, l'autorite du Roi et la reputation du cardinal seront sauvees." Ibid., p. 285.
[588] That indefatigable laborer in the mine of MSS., M. Gachard, obtained some clew to the existence of such a letter in the Archives of Simancas. For two months it eluded his researches, when in a happy hour he stumbled on this pearl of price. The reader may share the enthusiasm of the Belgian scholar. "Je redoublai d'attention; et enfin, apres deux mois de travail, je decouvris, sur un pet.i.t chiffon de papier, la minute de la fameuse lettre dont faisait mention la d.u.c.h.esse de Parme: elle avait ete cla.s.see, par une meprise de je ne sais quel officiai, avec les papiers de l'annee 1562. On lisait en tete: _De mano del Rey; secreta._ Vous comprendrez, monsieur le Ministre, la joie que me fit eprouver cette decouverte: ce sont la des jouissances qui dedommagent de bien des fatigues, de bien des ennuis!" Rapport a M. le Ministre de l'Interieur, Ibid., p. clx.x.xv.
[589] "M'esbayz bien que, pour chose quelconque, vous ayez delaisse d'entrer au conseil ou je vous avois laisse." Correspondance de Guillaume le Taciturne tom. II. p. 67.
[590] "Ne faillez d'y rentrer, et monstrer de combien vous estimez plus mon service et le bien de mes pays de dela, que autre particularite quelconque." Ibid., p. 68.
[591] Abundant evidence of Philip's intentions is afforded by his despatches to Margaret, together with two letters which they inclosed to Egmont. These letters were of directly opposite tenor; one dispensing with Egmont's presence at Madrid,--which had been talked of,--the other inviting him there. Margaret was to give the one which, under the circ.u.mstances, she thought expedient. The d.u.c.h.ess was greatly distressed by her brother's manuvring. She saw that the course she must pursue was not the course which he would prefer. Philip did not understand her countrymen so well as she did.
[592] "En effet, le prince d'Orange et le comte d'Egmont, les seuls qui se trouva.s.sent a Bruxelles, montrerent tant de tristesse et de mecontentement de la courte et seche reponse du Roi, qu'il etait a craindre qu'apres qu'elle aurait ete communiquee aux autres seigneurs, il ne fut pris quelque resolution contraire au service du Roi."
Correspondance de Philippe II., tom. I. p. 294.
[593] "Con la venida de Mons. de Chantonnay, mi hermano, a Bruxelles, y su determinacion de encamina.r.s.e a estas partes, me parescio tomar color de venir hazia aca, donde no havia estado en 19 anos, y ver a madama de Granvella, mi madre, que ha 14 que no la havia visto." Ibid., p. 298.
Granvelle seems to have fondly trusted that no one but Margaret was privy to the existence of the royal letter,--"secret, and written with the king's own hand." So he speaks of his departure in his various letters as a spontaneous movement to see his venerable parent. The secretary Perez must have smiled, as he read one of these letters to himself, since an abstract of the royal despatch appears in his own handwriting. The Flemish n.o.bles also--probably through the regent's secretary, Armenteros--appear to have been possessed of the true state of the case. It was too good a thing to be kept secret.
[594] Schiller, Abfall der Niederlande, p. 147.
Among other freaks was that of a masquerade, at which a devil was seen pursuing a cardinal with a scourge of foxes'tails. "Deinde sequebatur diabolus, equum dicti cardinalis caudis vulpinis fustigans, magna c.u.m totius populi admiratione et scandalo." (Papiers d'Etat de Granvelle, tom. VIII. p. 77.) The fox's tail was a punning allusion to Renard, who took a most active and venomous part in the paper war that opened the revolution. Renard, it may be remembered, was the imperial minister to England in Queen Mary's time. He was the implacable enemy of Granvelle, who had once been his benefactor.
[595] Strada, De Bello Belgico, pp. 161-164.--Vander Haer, De Initiis Tumultuum Belgicorum, p. 166.--Vandervynckt, Troubles des Pays-Bas, tom.
II. p. 53.--Correspondance de Philippe II., tom. I. pp. 294, 295.
[596] The date is given by the prince of Orange in a letter to the landgrave of Hesse, written a fortnight after the cardinal's departure.
(Archives de la Maison d'Orange-Na.s.sau, tom. I. p. 226.) This fact, public and notorious as it was, is nevertheless told with the greatest discrepancy of dates. Hopper, one of Granvelle's own friends, fixes the date of his departure at the latter end of May. (Recueil et Memorial, p.
36.) Such discrepancies will not seem strange to the student of history.
[597] "Ejus inimici, qui in senatu erant, non aliter exultavere quam pueri abeunte ludimagistro." Vita Viglii, p. 38.
Hoogstraten and Brederode indulged their wild humor, as they saw the cardinal leaving Brussels, by mounting a horse,--one in the saddle, the other _en croupe_,--and in this way, m.u.f.fled in their cloaks, accompanying the traveller along the heights for half a league or more.
Granvelle tells the story himself, in a letter to Margaret, but dismisses it as the madcap frolic of young men. Papiers d'Etat de Granvelle, tom. VII. p. 410, 426.
[598] Archives de la Maison d'Orange-Na.s.sau, tom. I. p. 226.
[599] "Le comte d'Egmont lui a dit, entre autres, que, si le cardinal revenait, indubitablement il perdrait la vie, et mettrait le Roi en risque de perdre les Pays-Bas." Correspondance de Philippe II., tom. I.
p. 295.
[600] "Je n'ay entendu de personne chose dont je peusse concevoir quelque doubte que vous ne fussiez, a l'endroit de mon service, tel que je vous ay cogneu, ny suis si legier de prester l'oreille a ceulx qui me tascheront de mettre en umbre d'ung personage de vostre qualite, et que je cognois si bien." Correspondance de Guillaume le Taciturne, tom. II.
p. 76.
[601] "Quiero de aqui adelante hazerme ciego y sordo, y tractar con mis libros y negocios particulares, y dexar el publico a los que tanto saben y pueden, y componerme quanto al reposo y sossiego." Papiers d'Etat de Granvelle, tom. VIII, p. 91.--A pleasing illusion, as old as the time of Horace's "_Beatus ille_," &c.
[602] Gerlache, Royaume des Pays-Bas, tom. I. p. 79.
[603] "Vela ma philosophie, et procurer avec tout cela de vivre le plus joyeus.e.m.e.nt que l'on peut, et se rire du monde, des appa.s.sionnez, et de ce qu'ilz dient sans fondement." Archives de la Maison d'Orange-Na.s.sau, tom. I. p. 240.
[604] "Ilz auront avant mon retour, que ne sera, a mon compte, plus tost que d'icy a deux mois, partant au commencement de juing." Ibid., p. 236.
[605] This remarkable letter, dated Madrid, May 6, is to be found in the Supplement a Strada, tom. II. p. 346.
[606] Hopper does not hesitate to regard this circ.u.mstance as a leading cause of the discontents in Flanders. "Se voyans desestimez ou pour mieux dire opprimez par les Seigneurs Espaignols, qui cha.s.sant les autres hors du Conseil du Roy, participent seulz avecq iceluy, et presument de commander aux Seigneurs et Chevaliers des Pays d'embas: ny plus ni moins qu'ilz font a aultres de Milan, Naples, et Sicille; ce que eulx ne veuillans souffrir en maniere que ce soit, a este et est la vraye ou du moins la princ.i.p.ale cause de ces maulx et alterations."
Recueil et Memorial, p. 79.
[607] Viglius makes many pathetic complaints on this head, in his letters to Granvelle. See Archives de la Maison d'Orange-Na.s.sau, tom. I.
p. 319 et alibi.
[608] Correspondance de Philippe II., tom. I. pp. 312, 332, et alibi.
[609] "Il faudrait envoyer le cardinal a Rome." Ibid., p. 329.
[610] Ibid., p. 295.
[611] Morillon, in a letter to Granvelle, dated July 9, 1564, tells him of the hearty hatred in which he is held by the d.u.c.h.ess; who, whether she has been told that the minister only made her his dupe, or from whatever cause, never hears his name without changing color. Papiers d'Etat de Granvelle, tom. VIII. p. 131.
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