Rising Tide. Part 28

"I think we": J. Holland to LP, November 11, 1907; LP to Holland, October 15, 1907, PFP.

"Don't Go": Don't Go to the Mississippi, pamphlet, PFP.

a barn at Sunnyside: Boehm, "Mary Grace Quackenbos," p. 42.

"an unfriendly att.i.tude": LP to Umberto Pierini, March 9, 1907, PFP.

he told other planters: LP to Will Dockery, March 8, 1907, PFP.

"Mr. Percy": LP to Amba.s.sador Des Planches, February 14, 1907, PFP.

"The Italian immigrant": Quoted in Milani, "Sunnyside and the Italian Government," p. 36.

the first female U.S. attorney: Boehm, "Mary Grace Quackenbos," p. 45.

"endless and tedious": LP to Scott, n.d.

"Mr. Percy appears": Quackenbos to Attorney General, August 14, 1907, NA, RG 60, 100937.

"The whole future": Mark Sullivan, Our Times: The United States 1900-1925 Our Times: The United States 1900-1925, vol. 4, The War Begins, 1909-1914 The War Begins, 1909-1914, p. 386.

Roosevelt then spent: Schott, "John M. Parker of Louisiana," p. 125.

"at Sunnyside": Quoted in Boehm, "Mary Grace Quackenbos," p. 49.

"we have seen": Charles Russell, "Report on Peonage," 1908, Justice Department peonage file, NA, RG 60.

"I have a perfect": Quackenbos to LP, October 16, 1907, NA, RG 60.

"O. B. Crittenden": Ibid.

"rough with labor": LP to J. B. Ray, December 26, 1906, PFP.

"I would be willing": LP to H. B. Duncan, March 27, 1907, PFP.

"Those negroes": LP to J. R. Taylor, May 20, 1907, PFP.

"If conditions were": Sullivan, The War Begins The War Begins, p. 384.

"see the South": Mark Sullivan, Our Times: The United States, 1900-1925 Our Times: The United States, 1900-1925, vol. 3, Pre-War America Pre-War America, pp. 128, 133, 136.

"I am counting on you": LP to H. Hawkings and LP to Lewis Levi, July 17, 1906.

"The fundamental trouble": LP to J. S. McNeilly, March 9, 1906, PFP.

"a positive unkindness": Albert K. Kirwan, Revolt of the Rednecks Revolt of the Rednecks, pp. 144, 146.

"[t]hat man is a lover": Outlook Outlook, August 3, 1907, pp. 730-732.

"an intense southerner": LP to John Sharp Williams, November 30, 1907.

"Percy, by George": LP to WAP, April 19, 1907.

"I hailed": Roosevelt to LP, August 11, 1907, PFP.

"I believe he": LP to J. S. McNeilly, November 19, 1907.

"social acquaintance": LP to Lawrence Lewis, March 9, 1907, PFP.

Percy had urged Parker: LP to Parker, November 7, 1907, PFP.

Roosevelt did move: Schott, "John N. Parker of Louisiana,": p. 125; NOT-P NOT-P, January 7, 1919.

Now Percy called: The following account of this meeting comes chiefly from two letters: LP to J. S. McNeilly, November 19, 1907, and LP to Roosevelt, November 13, 1907, Justice Department peonage files, NA, RG 60, 100937.

He then made: LP to Roosevelt, November 13, 1907, Justice Department peonage files, NA, RG 60, 100937.

"very amusing": Boehm, "Mary Grace Quackenbos," p. 57.

he gave Percy the answers: LP to J. S. McNeilly, November 19, 1907, PFP; LP to Roosevelt, November 13, 1907, Justice Department peonage files, NA, RG 60, 10937.

Then the president: LP to J. S. McNeilly, November 20, 1907.

It was part: Ibid.

"Fish are biting": LP to d.i.c.kinson, December 23, 1907, PFP.

"I am very uneasy": Roosevelt to Hart, January 13, 1908, Albert Bushnell Hart Papers, Harvard University, quoted by Boehm, "Mary Grace Quackenbos," p. 56.

Of 8 million: Brandfon, Cotton Kingdom Cotton Kingdom, p. 104.

"Italian immigration has not": LP to M. B. Trezvant, December 26, 1913, PFP.

"There is no labor": LP to WAP, April 19, 1907, PFP.

CHAPTER N NINE.

"the representatives": W. E. B. Du Bois, Souls of Black Folk Souls of Black Folk, edition contained in Three Negro Cla.s.sics: Up From Slavery; The Souls of Black Folk; The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man Three Negro Cla.s.sics: Up From Slavery; The Souls of Black Folk; The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (New York: Avon, 1976), p. 329. (New York: Avon, 1976), p. 329.

"of the most reckless": William Hemphill, unt.i.tled ms., June 1905, Hemphill Family Papers, Special Collections, Duke University Library.

"The way these levee": Ibid.

"Kill a mule": For more details about levee conditions, see American Federation of Labor report of levee camp investigation, December 5, 1931; also Helen Boardman report on levee camps, August 1932, both in NAACP Papers, LC; Alan Lomax, The Land Where the Blues Began The Land Where the Blues Began, pp. 212-255 pa.s.sim.

"the negro to better": Lomax, p. 256.

In 1900: Twelfth Census of the United States Twelfth Census of the United States, vol. 5, Agriculture Agriculture, pp. 96-97, quoted in Willis, "On the New South Frontier," pp. 5, 9; interview with Willis, June 9, 1994.

Greenville had black policemen: Stone, "The Negro in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta," p. 263.

"more firmly fixed": Quoted in Brandfon, Cotton Kingdom Cotton Kingdom, p. 130.

In 1901: Stone kept careful records to see if the better treatment led to higher retention rates of sharecroppers. It did not. See Cobb, p. 105.

There, whites: William Holmes, "Whitecapping in Mississippi," pp. 165-185 pa.s.sim.

"Today a Negro": Charles Fenn, Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh, p. 26, quoted in Wyn Craig Wade, The Fiery Cross The Fiery Cross, p. 203.

"The blacks were forced": Quoted in Cobb, p. 114.

"[t]he good [Negroes]": Kirwan, pp. 144, 146; McMillen, p. 224.

"to inflame the pa.s.sions": LP to John Sharp Williams, no day, 1907, PFP.

"My dear Percy": Vardaman to LP, May 19, 1905, PFP.

"I wish you would give": John Sharp Williams to LP, April 20, 1919, Williams Collections, LC.

asked Percy to intervene: LP to Roosevelt, March 27, 1908, LP to Mrs. R. L. McLaurin, March 27, 1908, PFP; Baker, p. 35, p. 21on.

Despite opposition: LP to General J. Bell, November 2, 1909, PFP.

Once, at Percy's request: See LP to Fish, November 25, 1905, PFP.

"You cannot conciliate": William Holmes, "William Alexander Percy and the Bourbon Era in Mississippi Politics," p. 76.

"a life and death struggle": LP to Arthur Rice, June 18, 1910, Rice Papers, Mississippi State University Archives, quoted in Hester Ware, "A Study of the Life and Works of William Alexander Percy," M.A. thesis, p. 38.

"timid and third-rate": Percy, LL LL, p. 145.

"Crump": Quoted in Bertram Wyatt-Brown, House of Percy House of Percy, p. 181.

"black as the night": Percy, LL LL, p. 146.

"Swinging perilously": William Sallis, "The Life and Times of LeRoy Percy," M.A. thesis, pp. 90-96.

"This is a contest": Quote kindly supplied by Bertram Wyatt-Brown.

"the Secret Caucus": Quoted in Kirwan, p. 197.

"suave and dignifiedly courteous": NYT NYT, April 17, 1910.

"They say I'm": Sallis, "LeRoy Percy," p. 133.

while the Percys considered themselves: For this insight I thank William Armstrong Percy, a professor at the University of Ma.s.sachusetts, Boston, interviewed October 11, 1995.

"looked over the": Percy, LL LL, p. 149.

"We are the low-brows": Kirwan, p. 212.

"When Father rose": Percy, LL LL, pp. 150-151.

"striped caterpillar": Kirwan, pp. 220-221.

In a final mockery: Percy, LL LL, p. 152.

"My dear Senator": Roosevelt to LP, November 11, 1911, PFP.

"will necessitate our killing": Sullivan, Pre-War America Pre-War America, p. 136.

"ordered...several hundred negroes": NYT NYT, April 11, 1912.

"If I can keep": LP to W. W. Cain, November 19, 1912, quoted in Percy, LL LL, pp. 152-153.

CHAPTER T TEN.

More than 60 percent: Willis, "On the New South Frontier," p. 226; Ogden, p. 166.

The homicide rate: Hortense Powdermaker, After Freedom After Freedom, p. 169.

More than 75 percent: Stone, "The Negro in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta"; Homicidal Deaths in Mississippi Homicidal Deaths in Mississippi, MDAH.

"Shootings were": Percy Bell, "Child of the Delta," unpublished ms., chap. 2, p. 3.

in 1914: Interview with Leila Clark Wynn, March 17, 1993.

"You are going among": Interview with Mrs. Pearl Pool Amos, January 27, 1993.

The biggest entertainers: Interview with Frank Hall, March 29, 1992; Was.h.i.+ngton County the Pride of the Delta Was.h.i.+ngton County the Pride of the Delta, pamphlet, probably 1910, unpaginated, in Glen Allen (Mississippi) Public Library. LP to [illegible], November 22, 1906, PFP.

Enough Chinese lived: Interview with Frank Hall, March 29, 1992.

the two largest: Was.h.i.+ngton County the Pride of the Delta Was.h.i.+ngton County the Pride of the Delta, pamphlet.

there was one club: Information kindly supplied by Bertram Wyatt-Brown.