International Law Part 72

[267] Lehr, -- 1236 ff.

[268] "De Clercq et de Vallat," I., pp. 106, 107.

[269] -- 244.

[270] For various protocols, see Treaties of U. S., 824, 1148; 30 U.

S. Sts. at Large, 1593; _ibid._, 1596. For the recent protocol between the United States and Spain as to terms of peace, see 30 U.

S. Sts. at Large, 1742.

[271] Wheat., D., ---- 254, 344.

[272] The Holy Alliance of 1815 was signed by three sovereigns.

[273] See p. 163.

[274] The Declaration of Paris, 1856.

[275] 17 U. S. Sts. at Large, 863; Treaties of U. S., 478.

[276] Art. II., -- 2, 2.

[277] Calvo, ---- 643-668.

[278] Grotius, II., 16; Vattel, II., 17. The rules of Vattel are briefly and well stated by Baker, "First Steps in International Law," 1899, p. 105.

[279] For the subject of interpretation, see Hall, ---- 111, 112, p.

350 ff.; 2 Phillimore, Pt. V., Ch. VIII.; Calvo, ---- 1649-1650; Pradier-Fodere, ---- 1171-1188.

[280] For discussion of the "most favored nation" clause, see 2 Whart., -- 134, also Appendix to Vol. III., p. 888.

[281] -- 116, p. 367.

[282] See Holls's "Hague Peace Conference," 176 _et seq._

[283] See, on this entire subject, Moore's "International Arbitration"; Holls's "Hague Peace Conference," 176-305; Cus.h.i.+ng's "Treaty of Was.h.i.+ngton."

[284] 3 Phillimore, 21, 22.

[285] Pradier-Fodere, 2634-2636.

[286] Art. 15, U. S. Naval War Code; Proclamations and Decrees, p.

77. See Appendix, p. 405.

[287] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1770.

[288] Proclamations and Decrees, p. 93.

[289] Parl. Papers, Greece, No. 4, 1886.

[290] _The London Gazette_, March 19, 1897.

[291] U. S. For. Rel., 1897, p. 255.

[292] "De Jure Belli," I., II., "Bellum est publicorum armorum justa contentio;" Instr. U. S. Armies, -- 20.

[293] Halleck, Ch. XIV.; Calvo, -- 1866 ff.

[294] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1769, 1776.

[295] Takahas.h.i.+, 42 _et seq._

[296] Prize Cases, 2 Black, U. S. 635.

[297] Takahas.h.i.+, 38 _et seq._

[298] Calvo, -- 1910.

[299] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 364.

[300] The French declaration of war against Prussia in 1870 is given in 2 Lorrimer, 443.

[301] Inst. U. S. Armies, -- 29; Appendix p. 338.

[302] Appendix, p. 369.

[303] Hall, -- 126, p. 405; Instr. U. S. Armies, ---- 20, 21, 22; Appendix, pp. 336, 337.

[304] See Appendix, p. 386.

[305] Appendix, pp. 353, 372, 388.

[306] "De Jure Belli," III., ix., 4.

[307] "De Jure et Officiis Bellicis," l., v., 25.

[308] 4 Ellis and Blackburn's Reports, 217.

[309] Appendix, pp. 340, 385.

[310] Holls, "Hague Peace Conference," 451.

[311] Appendix, pp. 339, 385.

[312] 8 Cr., 110.

[313] See Index U. S. Treaties, "Reciprocal Privileges of Citizens."

[314] Holls, "Hague Peace Conference," 447.