A History of The Inquisition of The Middle Ages Volume II Part 34

[367] Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1214.--Chron. Sanpetrin. Erfurtens.

(Menken. III. 242).--Kaltner, pp. 86-7.--Epistt. Saecul. XIII. T. I. No.

117, 118, 126, 362.

[368] Hartzheim III. 521. Cf. Concil. Frizlar. ann. 1246, ib. p.

574.--Ripoll I. 21.

[369] Vit. S. Eliz. (Canisii Thesaur. I. 116).--Johann Rohte, Chron.

Thuring. (Menken. II. 1715).--Kaltner, pp. 108, 130-33.--Gesta Treviror.

Episcopp. c. 172.--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1230.

[370] Hartzheim III. 539, 540.--Potthast No. 8073-4.--Hist. Diplom.

Frid. II. T. III. p. 466.--Gest. Treviror. Archiepp. c. 170. 172.

[371] Kaltner, pp. 135-6, 143.--Theod. Vit. S. Eliz. VII. 1.--Vit.

rythmic. S. Eliz. (Menken. II. 2090).--Thur. Fortsetzung d. Sachs.

Weltchronik (Pertz, Scriptt. Vernac. II. 292).--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug.

ann. 1232.--Erphurdian. Variloq. (Menken. II. 484).

[372] Kaltner. p. 134.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 300-2.

[373] Annal. Wormatiens. (Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. p.

616).--Kaltner, p. 138.--Sachsiche Weltchronik ann. 1232.--Gest.

Treviror. Archiepp. c. 170.

[374] Pauli Carnotens. Vet. Aganon. Lib. VI. c. 3.--Adhemar. Cabannens.

ann. 1022 (Bouquet, X. 159).--Gualteri Mapes de Nugis Curialium Dist. I.

c. x.x.x.

[375] Raynald. ann. 1233, No. 41-6.--Epistt. Saecul. XIII. T. I. No. 533, 537.--Gest. Treviror. Archiepp. c. 171.

[376] Alberic Trium Font. ann. 1234.--G.o.defrid S. Pantaleon. annal. ann.

1233.

It would seem from this that Henry, Archbishop of Cologne, was performing his functions at this period, although he had been suspended by Gregory IX. in December, 1231, pending an investigation into his criminal turpitude, which the pope declared to be a shame to describe and a horror to hear. In April, 1233, Gregory tried to make him resign, to which he responded in June by an appeal to the Holy See. The immediate consequence of this was a papal levy on the clergy of Cologne of three hundred sterling marks to defray expenses. In March of the next year further provision for the expenses was requisite. In April, 1235, we find him still under excommunication and deprived of his functions.

After this he seems to have re-established himself, and in March, 1238, he was condemned to pay thirteen hundred sterling marks to a Roman banker for expenses incurred many years before by his predecessor. In May, 1239, we find his successor, Conrad von Hochstaden, in Rome as archbishop-elect, and Gregory ordering a levy of eight thousand marks on the province to pay the debts due there by the see (Epistt. Select.

Saecul. XIII. T. I. No. 457, 472, 523, 529-30, 555, 579, 637, 723, 748).

This serves to ill.u.s.trate the relations between the Roman curia and the great German bishoprics, the insatiable greed of the former, and the fruitless efforts at emanc.i.p.ation of the latter.

[377] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 285-7, 300-2.

[378] Annal. Wormatiens. (Hist. Dip. Frid. II. T. IV. pp.

616-17).--Kaltner, pp. 19, 146-8.--Epistt. Select. Saec. XIII. No. 514.

[379] Gest. Treviror. Archiepp. c. 174.--Sachsische Weltchronik, ann.

1233 (Pertz, II. 292).--Annal. Wormatiens. (loc. cit.).--G.o.defrid. S.

Pantaleon. Annal. ann. 1233.

[380] Sachsische Weltchronik, loc. cit.--Gest. Treviror. loc.

cit--Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.--Erphurdian. Variloq. ann.

1233.--Chron. Erfordiens. ann. 1233 (Schannat Vindem. Literar. I.

93).--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1233.--Kaltner, pp. 160-1.

[381] Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.--Alban Butler, Vies des Saints, 19 Novbre.

[382] Gest. Treviror. c. 174.--Hartzheim III. 549.

[383] Epistt. Select. Saecul. XIII. T. I. No. 533, 537, 558, 560-1.--Chron. Erfordiens. ann. 1234 (Schannat Vindem. Literar. I. 94).

[384] Epistt. Select. Saecul. XIII. T. I. No. 503, 572.--Chron.

Erfordiens. (Schannat Vindem. Literar. I. 94).--Alberic. Trium Font.

ann. 1234.--Gest. Treviror. c. 175.

[385] Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.

[386] Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.--Epistt. Select. Saecul. XIII. T.

I. No. 607, 611-12, 636, 647.

There would appear not to be ground for the story told by Philippe Mousket (Chronique Rimee, 28831-42.--Bouquet, XXII. 55) that Gregory sent a cardinal Otho to Germany, who proceeded to degrade sundry ecclesiastics concerned in the matter, and raised such a tempest that he was obliged to escape by night to Tournay, and thence return to Rome.

Even if baseless, however, the very circulation of such a report shows the antagonism excited between Rome and Germany.

[387] Kaltner, p. 173.--Annal Wormatiens. (Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T.

IV. p. 617).

[388] Tritbem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1232.--Erphurdian. Variloq. ann.

1232 (Menken. II. 484).--Chron. Sanpetrin. Erfurt. (Ib. III.

254).--Anon. Saxon. Hist. Impp. (Ib. III. 125).--Chron. Erfordiens. ann.

1232 (Schannut Vindem. Literar. I. 92).

[389] Kaltner, pp. 171, 173.--Annal. Dominican. Colmar. ann. 1233 (Urstisii Germ. Hist. II. 6).--Potthast No. 13000, 15995.--Albert.

Statdens. Chron. ann. 1248.

[390] Anon. Pa.s.saviens. contra Waldens. c. 3, 6, 9, 10 (Mag. Bib. Pat.

XIII. 299, 301-2, 308-9).--W. Preger, Beitrage, pp. 9, 49.--Ejusd. Per Tractat des David von Augsburg.

[391] Concil. Mogunt. ann. 1261 c. 1 (Hartzheim III. 596).--Cod. Epist.

Rodolph. I. pp. 148-9, Lipsiae, 1806.

[392] Sachsenspiegel, II. iii., III. i.--Raynald. ann. 1374, No. 12.

The papal condemnation was probably elicited by a pa.s.sage in the Sachsenspiegel (II. 3) declaring that the pope could not issue decretals in prejudice of the local laws and const.i.tutions. The Saxon legists were in no wise disconcerted, and proceeded to rea.s.sert and prove their position (Richstich Lnndrecht, II. 24).

[393] Schwabenspiegel, Ed. Senck. c. 29, 116 -- 12, 351; Ed. Schilt. c.

111, 166, 308.

[394] Hist. Monast. S. Laurent. Leodiens. Lib. V. c. 54.--Mag. Chron.

Belgic. p. 193.--Mosheim de Beghardis, Lipsiae, 1790, pp. 98-100, 114.

In popular use the words Lollard and Beghard were virtually convertible, and yet there is a difference between them. The a.s.sociations of Lollards were founded during a pestilence at Antwerp about the year 1300. They were laymen who devoted themselves to the care of the sick and insane, and specially to the burial of the dead, supplying the funds partly by labor and partly by begging. The name was derived from the low and soft singing of the funeral chants, but they called themselves Alexians, from their patron, St. Alexis, and Cellites from dwelling in cells. They were also known as Matemans, and in Germany as Nollbruder. The word Lollard gradually grew to have the significance of external sanct.i.ty covering secret license, and was promiscuously applied to all the mendicants outside of the regular Orders. The Cellite a.s.sociations spread from the Netherlands through the Rhinelands and all over Germany. Constantly the subject of persecution, along with the Beghards, their value was recognized by the magistrates of the cities who endeavored to protect them. In 1472 Charles the Bold obtained from Sixtus IV. a bull receiving them into the recognized religious orders, thus withdrawing them from episcopal jurisdiction; and in 1506 Julius II. granted them special privileges. The a.s.sociations of Alexian Brothers still exist, devoted to the care of the sick, and have flouris.h.i.+ng hospitals in the United States, as well as in Europe. (Mosheim de Beghardis pp. 461, 469.--Martini Append. ad Mosheim pp. 585-88.--Hartzheim IV.

625-6.--Addis & Arnold's Catholic Dictionary, New York, 1884, p. 886.)