Villainage in England Part 21

Qui dic.u.n.t subscripta per sacramentum suum.

{ Estrelda } man' apud { Maur' ate { Agnes } Machynge { Neuthon'

{ { Joh'es Rotlonde } { Joh'es { Walt's Rotlonde } man'

{ Rotlonde { Thomas Rotlonde } London'.

{ { { Joh'es Pany { { Will's Pany { Will's Pany { Ric's Pany { { Elias Pany--modo tenens { { Agnes Pany { Nativus-- { Nich's ate { Simon ate nullus ab eo.

{ Neuthon' { Neuthon'

{ { { Ric's le Couper { { Thomas le { Simon le Couper { { Couper { Joh'es le Couper { { { Isabella la Couper { { { { Joh'es Bate Walt's ate Neuthon'--modo { { tenens { { Cristina Will's { { { { Wymarks nullus ab eo { Pater extraneus { { Will's Woderove ignotus adhuc { Joh'es Galfr's { n.

propter { Woderove Woderove { n.

diurnitatem { temporis { Will's nullus ab eo { Vaccarius { Steph's Pistor { { Will's Pistor { { Will's { Rog's Pistor { { Pistor { Joh'es Pistor { { { Cristina Pistor Nativus-- { Rog's ate { { Isabella Neuthon' { Cristina ate nullus ab eo (_sic_) { Neuthon' { Joh'es Broket { { Joh'es Broket Junior { Agnes ate { Matild' Broket Neuthon' { Isabella Broket { Agnes Broket Nativus-- { Ala.n.u.s ate nullus ab eo { Hache { { Ric's ate Hache Junior { { Nich's ate Hache { { Rog's ate Hache { { Will's ate Hache { { Will's ate Hache { { Adam ate { Will's ate Hache { { Hache { Joh'es ate Hache { { { Alic' ate Hache { { { Matild' ate Hache { { { Emmot' ate Hache Nativus-- { Rog's ate { { Marger' ate Hache { Hache { { { Matild' ate nullus ab eo Editha la Daye { Hache { Orgor' ate nullus ab eo { Hache { Will's ate Broke { { Walt's ate Broke { { Walt's ate Broke { { Ranulfus ate { Ric's ate Broke--London'

{ { Broke { Cristin' ate Broke { { { Matild' ate Broke Nativus-- { Walt's ate { { Agnes ate Broke Hache { { { Walterus Mathy { { Will's Mathy { Matheus ate { Agnes Mathy { Broke { Emmot' Mathy { { Mathild' ate nullus ab ea.

Broke

XI.

See p. 188, n. 2.

The best way to form an opinion as to the position of the hundredors among other cla.s.ses will be, I think, to start from a closer examination of the Ely Surveys, which give the term several times. They are peculiar in this respect, and only in this. A comparison with other Cartularies will show at once, that the same thing is to be found elsewhere over and over again.

Both Ely Surveys--that of 1222 (Tiberius, B. ii) and that of 1277 (Claudius, C. xi)--are remarkably alike, and may serve as an ill.u.s.tration of the continuity of the fundamental organisation of a feudal village. I shall take the later Cartulary because it is a trifle fuller, and coincides in time with the Hundred Rolls. It would not be sufficient to give only the entries relating to the hundredors, because the reader would not be able to judge of their position in relation to other cla.s.ses. I may be allowed in consequence to present rather large extracts.

In the manor of Wilburton belonging to the Ely Minster we find the following cla.s.sification of the tenantry[868] [f. 49 sqq.]

_De hundredariis. Et libere tenentibus._

Philippus de insula tenet 16 acras de mara et debet sectas ad curiam Elyensem et ad curiam de Wilbartone, _et in quolibet hundredo per totum annum_. Et dat ad sixepany et wardpany, et arabit c.u.m caruca sua per duos dies in hyeme et habebit quolibet die unum denarium. Et arabit in XL^{ma} per 2 dies et habebit quolibet die unum denarium.... Et inveniet omnes tenentes suos ad magnam precariam autumpni ad cib.u.m episcopi. Et dabit pro filia sua.

Ricardus filius Rogeri tenet 12 acras de ware et debet sectas ... (the same as Philip). Et dabit leirwite pro filia sua et gersumam c.u.m ipsam maritare uoluerit, scilicet 30 et 2 den. Et tallagium c.u.m aliis. Et de herieto meliorem bestiam uel 30 et 2 denarios, si non habeat bestiam.

Oues sue non iacebunt in faldo domini....

_De operariis et plenis terris._

Samson filius Jordani tenet 12 acras terre de Wara que faciunt unam plenam terram ... Et sciendum quod tota villata, tam liberi quam alii, debent facere 40 perticatas super calcetum de Alderhe sine cibo et opere.

In Lyndon the division of the tenantry is somewhat more complex [f. 52 sqq.].

_De militibus._

Philippus de insula tenet tres carucatas in Hinegeton per seruicium unius militis. Et sciendum quod omnes tenentes sui ibidem debent uenire ad precariam carucarum episcopi c.u.m quanto iungant per duos dies in hyeme et per 2 dies in XL^{ma} ... Et dominus Philippus de Insula debet sectam ad curiam Elyensem. Et ad curiam de Lyndon, in aduentu senescalli.

Nigellus de Cheucker tenet 2 carucatas terre per seruicium unius militis c.u.m terra sua de Harefeud ... Et liberi tenentes sui _qui tenent per soccagium debent unam sectam ad frendlese hundred_, scilicet ad diem sabbati proximum post festum S^{ti} Michaelis.

_De hundredariis._

Robertus de Aula tenet 40 acras terre de wara per _seruicium sequendi curiam Elyensem_. _Et quodlibet hundredum et curiam de Lyndon...._ Et ueniet ad precarias c.u.m caruca sua ... Et inueniet omnes tenentes suos ad magnam precariam episcopi in autumpno ad cib.u.m domini. Et ipsemet ibit ultra eos eo die. Et habebit cib.u.m suum similiter c.u.m balliuis domini. Et _ueniet coram justiciariis ad custum suum proprium ... Et sciendum quod iste et quilibet hundredarius_ dabit gersumam pro filia sua maritanda, scilicet 32 denarios. Et dominus episcopus habebit meliorem bestiam de domo sua pro herietto siue 32 denarios, si bestiam non habuerit et operabitur super calcetum de Alderhe sine cibo pro se et tenentibus suis.

Galfridus le Sokeman tenet 12 acras et dimidiam de wara....

_De consuetudinariis qui vocantur Molmen._

Patrik filius Henrici le frankeleyn tenet 10 acras terre in hylle pro duobus solidis ... Et ueniet ad precariam carucarum c.u.m caruca sua uel c.u.m quanto iungit ... Et debet sectas ad curiam de Lyndon ... Et dabit gersumam pro filia sua maritanda ad voluntatem domini. Et in obitu suo dominus habebit meliorem bestiam domus pro hereto uel triginta duos denarios, si bestiam non habuerit. Et dabit tallagium. Et filius suus et heres dabit releuium.

_De operariis qui tenent plenas terras._

Radulfus filius...o...b..rn tenet unam plenam terram que continet 10 acras de wara.

The next survey is that of Dudington (f. 63 sqq.).

_De libere tenentibus et hundredariis in Dudlingtone et Wimblingtone._

(The typical hundredor is made to pay merchet, leyrwite, and heriet as above.)

_De consuetudinibus censuariorum in Dudingtone._

Radulfus filius Willelmi tenet unum mesuagium quod continet dimidiam acram pro 12 denariis.... Et dabit gersumam pro filia sua et leyrwite ad voluntatem domini. Et dupplicabit redditum suum pro suo releuio.

_De consuetudinibus operariorum in Dudington._

(They hold 'full lands' of 12 acres, and perform all kinds of agricultural work.)

If we turn now to the Survey of Wyvelingham (f. 111 sqq.), we shall not find the heading '_hundredarii_,' but it will not be difficult to discern the tenants who correspond to the hundredors of the former Surveys.

_De libere tenentibus._

Henricus Torel tenet dimidiam virgatam terre pro decem et octo denariis equaliter. Et ueniet in autumpno ad magnam precariam domini c.u.m omnibus hominibus suis quot habuerit laborantes ad cib.u.m domini. Et dabit tallagium si dominus voluerit. Et gersumam pro filia sua. Et debet sectam curie et molendini. Et ibit c.u.m aliis extra uillam ad districtiones faciendum.

Willelmus Nuncius tenet dimidiam virgatam pro 18 denariis equaliter. Et faciet omnia alia sicuti predictus Henricus Torel.

Thomas filius Oliue tenet unam virgatam terre pro 6 denariis equ. ad festum S^{ti} Andreae. Et arabit tres rodas terre per annum.... Et herciabit c.u.m equo suo ante Natale per unum diem integrum sine cibo et per unum diem in quadragesima sine cibo ... Et falcabit c.u.m uno homine per unum diem integrum sine cibo. Et adiuuabit fenum leuandum et cariandum sine cibo. Et sarclabit per unum diem integrum sine cibo. Et illud quod messuerit cariabit sine cibo. Item portabit breuia domini episcopi uel senescalli usque ad Dudington uel ad loc.u.m consimilem. Et dabit tallagium, herietum et leyrwite, et gersumam pro filia sua. Et _debet sectam Comitatus hundredi, et curie_, et molendini. Oues sue iacebunt in faldo domini ut supra....

_De operariis._

Thomas Wecheharm tenet dimidiam virgatam terre que continet 15 acras terre.