The Butterfly Book Part 14

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

_Callippe_ is abundant in California.

(30) =Argynnis nevadensis=, Edwards, Plate X, Fig. 4, ?, _under side_ (The Nevada Fritillary).

_b.u.t.terfly_, ?.--The ground-color is pale fulvous, but little obscured with fuscous at the base. The outer margins are heavily bordered with black. The dark markings of the discal area are not heavy. The fore wings on the under side are pale buff, the spots well silvered; the hind wings are greenish; the belt is narrow and clear, and the spots are large and well silvered.

?.--The female is much like the male, but larger and paler. The outer margin of the fore wings in this s.e.x is more heavily marked with black, and the marginal spots are light buff in color. Expanse, ?, 2.50-3.00 inches; ?, 3.00-3.50 inches.

_Early Stages._--These remain to be discovered.

This species is found in the Rocky Mountains of Utah, Nevada, Montana, and British America.

(31) =Argynnis meadi=, Edwards, Plate XIV, Fig. 1, ?; Fig. 2, ?, _under side_ (Mead's Silver-spot).

_b.u.t.terfly._--This species is very closely allied to the preceding, of which it may be an extreme variation, characterized by the darker color of the fore wings on the upper side, the nervules being heavily bordered with blackish, and the deeper, more solid green of the under side of the wings. All the specimens I have seen are considerably smaller in size than _A. nevadensis_.

_Early Stages._--Wholly unknown.

This species or variety is found from Utah northward to the province of Alberta, in British America.

(32) =Argynnis edwardsi=, Reakirt, Plate XI, Fig. 4, ?; Fig. 5, ?

(Edwards' Fritillary).

_b.u.t.terfly._--This beautiful insect is closely related to the Nevada Fritillary, from which it may be distinguished by the brighter color of the upper side, the heavier black borders, especially in the female s.e.x, and the olive-brown color of the under side of the hind wings. The olivaceous of these wings greatly encroaches upon the marginal belt.

Expanse, 3.00-3.25 inches.

_Early Stages._--These have been carefully and minutely described by Edwards in the "Canadian Entomologist," vol. xx, p. 3. They are not unlike those of _A. atlantis_ in many respects.

This species is not uncommon in Colorado and Montana.

(33) =Argynnis liliana=, Henry Edwards, Plate XIII, Fig. 11, ? (Liliana).

_b.u.t.terfly_, ?.--The wings on the upper side are reddish-fulvous. The black markings and the spots are slight. The fore wings on the under side are yellowish-buff; the base and the hind margin to below the cell, brown, with buff on the median inters.p.a.ces. The outer end of the cell is yellowish-buff. The subapical patch is brown, adorned by two or three well-silvered spots. The five upper marginal spots are well silvered.

The hind wings are brown, but little mottled with buff. The spots are well silvered. The marginal belt is narrow, ochreous-brown.

?.--The female is much paler than the male, and the marginal spots on both wings are much lighter. On the under side the wings are as in the male s.e.x, with the basal area and the nervules of the fore wings red.

Expanse, ?, 2.20 inches; ?, 2.35 inches.

_Egg._--W.H. Edwards gives the following description: "Conoidal, truncated, depressed at summit, marked vertically by twenty-two or twenty-three ribs, which are as in other species of the genus; the outline of this egg is much as in _eurynome_, the base being broad, the top narrow, and the height not much more than the breadth; color yellow."

_Caterpillar._--The same author has given us a description of the caterpillar immediately after hatching; but as the young larvae were lost after being sent to Maine to be kept over winter we do not yet know the full life-history.

The range of this species is northern California and Utah, so far as is known at present.

(34) =Argynnis rupestris=, Behr, Plate XII, Fig. 8, ?. Fig. 9, ?, _under side_ (The Cliff-dwelling Fritillary).

_b.u.t.terfly_, ?.--The upper side of the fore wings is deep reddish-fulvous, with the black markings very heavy. The fore wings on the under side are buff, shaded with red at the base and on the inner margin. The spots are buff, without any silver. The hind wings are buff, mottled with cinnamon-red, sometimes dark, sometimes lighter. The marginal belt is narrow, buff, encroached upon by the darker color of the median area at the ends of the oval spots. None of the spots is silvered, except very lightly in exceptional cases.

?.--The female is much like the male on the upper side, with the dark markings much heavier, the ground-color somewhat paler, and the marginal row of spots quite light. The wings on the under side are more brightly tinted than in the male, and the marginal spots are more or less silvered. Expanse, ?, 2.00 inches; ?, 2.20 inches.

_Early Stages._--Nothing is as yet known about the egg and larva.

This species is quite abundant at a considerable elevation upon Mount Shasta, Mount Bradley, and in the Weber Mountains in Utah.

(35) =Argynnis laura=, Edwards, Plate XII, Fig. 11, ?; Fig. 12, ?

(Laura).

_b.u.t.terfly_, ?.--The upper side is deep reddish-fulvous, with both wings somewhat obscured at the base by fuscous. The black markings on the upper side of the wings are heavy; the outer margin is also heavily banded with dark brown, the marginal lines being fulvous. The four spots on the hind wings are lighter in color than the ground. The fore wings on the under side are reddish-orange, with the apex and the hind margin yellowish-buff. The apical and upper marginal spots are more or less well silvered. The hind wings are pale yellow, the marginal belt very broad and clear yellow. All the spots are large and well silvered.

?.--The female is much paler than the male, but otherwise closely resembles that s.e.x. Expanse, ?, 2.20 inches; ?, 2.35 inches.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

This species is found in northern California, Oregon, Was.h.i.+ngton, and Nevada.

(36) =Argynnis macaria=, Edwards, Plate XIII, Fig. 9, ? (Macaria).

_b.u.t.terfly_, ?.--The upper side of the wings is yellowish-fulvous, the black markings very light. The fore wings on the under side are orange-red, at the apex yellowish-buff. The subapical upper marginal spots are lightly silvered. The hind wings are yellowish-buff on the outer third, mottled with brown on the basal and median areas. The marginal belt is clear buff. The spots are large and well silvered.

?.--The female is paler than the male. On the upper side of the hind wings the second row of silver spots is indicated by spots much paler than the ground. The black markings are lighter than in the male.

Expanse, ?, 2.00 inches; ?, 2.20 inches.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

This species, which is somewhat like _A. coronis_, but smaller, and brighter fulvous, is found in California, but is still quite rare in collections.

(37) =Argynnis semiramis=, Edwards, Plate XIII, Fig. 2, ?, _under side_; Fig. 3, ? (Semiramis).

_b.u.t.terfly_, ?.--The wings are bright fulvous on the upper side, with the black markings much as in _A. adiante_, slight on the fore wings and even slighter on the hind wings. The under side of the fore wings is cinnamon-red at the base and on the inner half of the wing, beyond this buff. The apical patch and the outer margin are brown. The upper marginal spots and two spots on the subapical patch are well silvered.

The hind wings are rusty-brown from the base to the second row of spots, mottled with lighter brown. The marginal belt is clear brownish-buff.

All the spots are well silvered.

?.--The female on the upper side is colored like the male, with the dark markings somewhat heavier. On the under side the fore wings are laved over almost their entire surface with red, the upper angle of the cell alone being buff. The hind wings are in many specimens fawn-colored throughout, except that the marginal band is paler. In a few specimens the ground is darker and the band more distinct. All the spots are well silvered. Expanse, ?, 2.60 inches; ?, 2.75-3.00 inches.

_Early Stages._--The life-history of this b.u.t.terfly has not been ascertained.

The species appears to be very common at San Bernardino, California, and vicinity, and resembles _A. adiante_ on the upper side and _A. coronis_ upon the lower side.

(38) =Argynnis inornata=, Edwards, Plate XIII, Fig. 10, ?, _under side_ (The Plain Fritillary).

_b.u.t.terfly_, ?.--This species resembles _A. rupestris_ in its markings, but is somewhat paler, the black margins are heavy and the black markings on the disk comparatively light; the base of the wings is obscured with fuscous. On the under side the fore wings are cinnamon-brown, with the apical area buff. The hind wings are reddish-brown, with the marginal band clear buff. All the spots are buff, and completely devoid of silvery scales.

?.--Paler than the male on the upper side. The fore wings on the under side are orange-fulvous; the hind wings are pale greenish-brown, mottled with buff. In some specimens a few silver scales are found on the submarginal spots. Expanse, ?, 2.50 inches; ?, 2.70 inches.

_Early Stages._--Unknown.

This b.u.t.terfly, which is as yet not very common in collections, is found in California and Nevada.