How France Built Her Cathedrals Part 56

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Delesques, Caen, 1910; Abbe E. H. Pigeon, _Histoire de la cathedrale de Coutances_ (Coutances, Salette fils, 1876); Alfred Ramee, "Cathedrale de Coutances," in _Revue des Soc. Savantes_, 1880, p. 94; A. de Dion, in _Bulletin Monumental_, 1884, vol. 50, p. 620; 1865, p. 509, G. Bouet; 1872, p. 19, Regnault; Gabriel Fleury, in _Revue ... archeol. du Maine_, 1909, on the architect, Thomas Toustain; Regnault, _Revue monumentale et historique de l'arrondiss.e.m.e.nt de Coutances_ (St. Lo, 1860); C. de Gerville, "Recherches sur les abbayes de la Manche," in _Mem. de la Soc.

des Antiquaires de Normandie_, vol. 2, p. 77; _ibid._, _etudes geographiques et historiques sur le departement de la Manche_ (Cherbourg, 1854).

[370] Near Hauteville-sur-mer are the ruins of Hambye Abbey, whose destruction was an irreparable loss for art, since its church was Primary Gothic. On the road from Coutances to Cherbourg is the abbatial of Lessay (a contemporary of St. etienne at Caen), said by M. Arcisse de Caumont to be one of the purest models of Norman Romanesque, an austere monument of the XI-century type. Differences in the pier's profiles show where, in the nave, the XII century resumed work. In this latter period Gothic ribs were prepared for from the planting of the piers, but the actual diagonals of the nave were built in the XIII century. Mr. John Bilson claims that the Gothic ribs of the two sections preceding the apse are of the XI century, which again brings up the controversy of priority in the use of diagonals.

The Cistercian church of La Blanche at Mortain was another abbatial of the Manche, dedicated in 1206. At Cerisy-la-Foret the abbey church was begun (c. 1130) by the Fecamp school of William of Volpiano, continued by Duke Robert the Magnificent, and finished by his son William the Conqueror. The nave was built from west to east in the last quarter of the XI century, the apse slightly after 1100, the actual vaulting a century later. The religious wars and the Revolution sacked the abbatial; in 1811 its demolition was still going on.

_Congres Archeologique_, 1908, p. 242, "Lessay," Lefevre-Pontalis; p.



553, "Cerisy-la-Foret," Andre Rhein; _Congres Archeologique_, 1860, on Cherbourg; _La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque_. _Manche_, p. 173, "Lessay"; p. 1, "St. Lo"; p. 51, "Carentan"; p. 73, "Cerisy-la-Foret"; p. 153, "Hambye"; R. Le Conte, _etudes hist. et archeol. sur les abbayes benedictines en general, et sur celle de Hambye en particulier_ (Bernay, 1890).

[371] Camille Enlart, _L'influence exterieure de l'art normand au moyen age_; _ibid._, _Origines francaises de l'architecture gothique en Italie_ (Paris, Thorin, 1894); Ch. Diehl, _Palerme et Syracuse_ (Collection, Villes d'art celebres), (Paris, H. Laurens, 1907); Miss C.

Waern, _Medieval Sicily_ (London, 1910); emile Bertaud, _L'art dans l'Italie meridionale_; F. Chalandon, _Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile_ (Paris, 1907); E. Curtis, _Roger of Sicily_ (New York, 1912).

[372] Doctor Coutan, _La cathedrale d'Avranches_ (Rouen, Cagniard, 1902); _La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque_. _Manche_, vol. 2, p.

65, "Avranches."

[373] Anatole Le Braz, _La Bretagne_ (Collection, Les provinces francaises), (Paris, H. Laurens); _ibid._, _Histoire de Bretagne_ (Collection, Les vieilles provinces de France), (Paris, Bouvin); _ibid._, _Au pays des pardons_ (translated, London, Methuen, 1906); Abbe J. M. Abgrall, _Architecture bretonne; etudes des monuments du diocese de Quimper_ (Quimper, 1904); _ibid._, _Paysages et monuments des Cotes-du-Nord_; Gautier du Mottay, _Repertoire archeol. des Cotes-du-Nord_; H. du Cleuziou, _Bretagne artistique et pittoresque_ (Paris, 1886); _Bulletin de la Soc. archeol. du Finistere_, 1901, vol.

28, p. 264, "Le vieux Morlaix"; and 1902, vol. 30, p. 24, "Le vieux Quimperle"; A. de Lorme, "L'art breton du XIIIe au XVIIe siecle,"

in _Bulletin de la Soc. archeol. du Finistere_, 1901, vol. 28, p. 264; Taylor et Nodier, _Voyages pittoresque ... dans l'ancienne France, La Bretagne_ (Paris, Didron, 1845-46), 2 vols.; Andre, _La verrerie et les vitraux peint dans l'ancienne province de Bretagne_ (1878); Leon Pal.u.s.tre, _La Renaissance en France_, vol. 2, "La Bretagne" (Paris, Quantin, 1885), 3 vols., folio; De la Borderie, _Histoire de Bretagne_, vol. 3, from 995 to 1364, and vol. 4, from 1364 to 1522 (Rennes, 1896-1900); _ibid._, _Mosaque bretonne_ (Rennes, Plihon et Herve); De la Villemarque, ed., _Barzas-Breiz; chants populaires de la Bretagne_, ninth edition (1892), 2 vols.; F. M. Luzel, _Gwerziou Briez-Izel_ (epics) and _Soniou_ (lyrics), (Lorient, 1868-74), 3 vols.; Simeon Luce, _Histoire de Bertrand Duguesclin et de son epogue_ (1883); Leroux de Lincy, _Vie de la reine Anne de Bretagne_ (1860); A. Robida, _La veille France, Bretagne_ (Paris, 1891).

[374] Edmond Rostand, "Le nom sur la maison," in _Le vol de la Ma.r.s.eillaise_ (Paris, Charpentier et Fasquelle, 1919).

[375] A son of Morlaix, emile Souvestre (1806-54), has written lovingly of Brittany: "Il y a quelque chose de bien superieure a la louange; la conscience que l'on a ete compris et que l'on est aime pour son oeuvre. _Aime pour son oeuvre!_ Je sais mieux que personne ce qui manque a ce que j'ecris. Il faut quelque chose d'ondoyant. J'appartiens a cette terre Celtique ou les monuments sont des pierres non taillees."

[376] "Campagnes bretonnes, qu'on dirait toujours recueillies dans le pa.s.se ... grandes pierres qui couvrent les lichens gris ... plaines ou le granit affleure le sol antique.... Ce sont des impressions de tranquillite, d'apais.e.m.e.nt, que m'apporte ce pays; c'est aussi une aspiration vers un repos plus complet sous la mousse."

--PIERRE LOTI, _Mon frere Yves_.

[377] The men of St. Malo have been pioneers under one aspect or another, sea rovers, like Duguay-Trouin, Surcouf, or Jacques Cartier, who, in 1535, knelt in the cathedral, where an inscription marks the pavement, to receive episcopal blessing before he sailed to discover Canada. Other sons of St. Malo have been the astronomer, Maupertius (1698-1756); Lamennais (1782-1854); and Chateaubriand (1768-1848), who chose for his burial the barren island of Grand Be, offsh.o.r.e.

[378] "Quiqu'en grogne, Ainsi sera: C'est mon plaisir."

[379] Andre Rhein, "La cathedrale de Dol," in _Bulletin Monumental_, 1910, vol. 74, p. 367; A. Rame, "La cathedrale de Dol; tombeau de l'eveque Thomas James," in _Melanges d'archeologie bretonne_, 1858, vol.

2, p. 10; T. Gautier, _La cathedrale de Dol_; Ch. Robert, _Guide de tourist archeologique a Dol_ (Dol-de-Bretagne, 1892); Leon Pal.u.s.tre, _La Renaissance en France_, vol. 2, "La Bretagne," p. 87, on Dol (Paris, Quantin, 1885); Paul Vitry, _Michel Colombe et la sculpture francaise de son temps_ (Paris, 1901); A. de Montaiglon, "La sculpture francaise a la Renaissance: la famille des Juste en France," in _Gazette des Beaux-Arts_, 1875, vol. 12, p. 394.

[380] _Congres Archeologique_, 1856 and 1886; Guilhermy, "Monuments des bords de la Loire; Nantes," in _Annales archeol._, 1845, vol. 2, p. 87; J. Montfort, "La crypte de la cathedrale de Nantes," in _Bulletin Monumental_, 1884, vol. 50, pp. 368, 449; Paul Vitry, _Michel Colombe et la sculpture francaise de son temps_ (Paris, 1901); Lambin de Lignum, _Recherches historiques sur l'origine et des ouvrages de Michel Colombe_; Benj. Fillon, _Poitou et Vendee_ (1846); Travers, _Histoire ... du comte de Nantes_, 3 vols.

[381] Felix Soleil, _La danse-macabre de Kermaria-an-Isquit_ (St.

Brieuc, 1882); emile Male, _L'art religieux de la fin du moyen age en France_, chap. 2, "La danse macabre" (Paris, Colin, 1910); Lucien Begule, _La chapelle de Kermaria Nisquit et la danse des morts_ (Paris, 1911); Abbe J. M. Abgrall, _Le mobilier artistique des eglises bretonnes_ (Quimper, Cotonnec, 1898).

[382] R. F. Le Men, _Monographie de la cathedrale de Quimper_ (Quimper, 1877); Abbe J. M. Abgrall, "Autour du vieux Quimper," in _Bulletin de la Soc. archeol. du Finistere_, 1901, vol. 28, p. 79; _ibid._, _L'architecture bretonne, etude des monuments du diocese de Quimper_ (1882); Thomas, _La cathedrale de Quimper_ (1892); P. Peyron, "Les eglises et chapelles du diocese de Quimper," in _Bulletin de la Soc.

archeol. du Finistere_, vol. 20, pp. 129, 451; vol. 31, pp. 18, 216, 304; vol. 32, p. 183.

[383] L. Th. Lecureur, _La cathedrale de St. Pol-de-Leon_ (Collection, Pet.i.tes Monographies), (Paris, H. Laurens); Ch. Cha.s.sepied, "Notes sur la cathedrale de St. Pol-de-Leon," in _Bulletin de la Soc. archeol. du Finistere_, 1901, vol. 28, p. 304; Abbe J. M. Abgrall, _Au pays des clochers a jour_ (Paris, 1902).

[384] _Congres Archeologique_, 1883, on Treguier; Ch. de la Ronsiere, _Saint Yves_ (Collection, Les Saints), (Paris, Lecoffre, 1901); Ernest Renan, _Souvenirs d'enfance_ (1883).

[385] emile Male, _L'art religieux au XIIIe siecle en France_, p. 442 (Paris, Colin, 1908). (Trans. by Dora Mussey, London, Dent & Sons, New York, Dutton, 1913).

[386] "Un tel art ne pouvait etre effleure par le doute. L'art et la poesie qui emeuvent sortent du coeur et d'une region obscure ou la raison n'a pas acces. L'artiste qui examine, juge, critique, doute, concilie, a deja perdu la moitie de la force creatrice."--eMILE MaLE, _L'art religieux de la fin du moyen age en France_ (Paris, Colin, 1910).

"Art addresses not pure sense, still less the pure intellect, but the imaginative reason through the senses."--WALTER PATER.

[387] "Hier, pendant son conge de vingt-quatre heures, j'ai rencontre le fils d'une pauvre femme de la campagne, un ouvrier que j'aime bien depuis longtemps. Quand je l'ai quitte, et que je lui ai dit: 'Bonne chance, Marcel,' il m'a regarde de ses yeux sans reproche, et il m'a repondu: 'D'un cote ou de l'autre, je ne crains rien.' Et cela voulait dire: la vie la mort? Qu'importe! je suis pret. Qu'est ce que tout cela.

C'est la chanson de geste qui continue: c'est la croisade qui n'est point finie, c'est Dieu transparaissant a travers la France purifiee."--An episode to the World War, 1914: Rene Bazin, _Les Preux_.

How France Built Her Cathedrals Part 56

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