Our Legal Heritage Part 3

55. For every nail, a s.h.i.+lling.

56. For the smallest disfigurement of the face, 3 s.h.i.+llings; and for the greater, 6 s.h.i.+llings.

57. If any one strike another with his fist on the nose, 3 s.h.i.+llings.

58. If there be a bruise [on the nose], a s.h.i.+lling; if he receive a right hand bruise [from protecting his face with his arm], let him [the striker] pay a s.h.i.+lling.

59. If the bruise [on the arm] be black in a part not covered by the clothes, let bot be made with 30 scaetts.

60. If it be covered by the clothes, let bot for each be made with 20 scaetts.

61. If the belly be wounded, let bot be made with 12 s.h.i.+llings; if it be pierced through, let bot be made with 20 s.h.i.+llings.

62. If any one be gegemed [pregnant], let bot be made with 30 s.h.i.+llings.

63. If any one be cear wund [badly wounded], let bot be made with 3 s.h.i.+llings.

64. If any one destroy [another's] organ of generation [p.e.n.i.s], let him pay him with 3 leod gelds: if he pierce it through, let him make bot with 6 s.h.i.+llings; if it be pierced within, let him make bot with 6 s.h.i.+llings.

65. If a thigh be broken, let bot be made with 12 s.h.i.+llings; if the man become halt [lame], then friends must arbitrate.

66. If a rib be broken, let bot be made with 3 s.h.i.+llings.

67. If [the skin of] a thigh be pierced through, for each stab 6 s.h.i.+llings; if [the wound be] above an inch [deep], a s.h.i.+lling; for two inches, 2; above three, 3 s.h.i.+llings.

68. If a sinew be wounded, let bot be made with 3 s.h.i.+llings.

69. If a foot be cut off, let 50 s.h.i.+llings be paid.

70. If a great toe be cut off, let 10 s.h.i.+llings be paid.

71. For each of the other toes, let one half that for the corresponding finger be paid.

72. If the nail of a great toe be cut off, 30 scaetts for bot; for each of the others, make bot with 10 scaetts.

73. If a freewoman loc bore [with long hair] commit any leswe [evil deed], let her make a bot of 30 s.h.i.+llings.

74. Let maiden bot [compensation for injury to an unmarried woman] be as that of a freeman.

75. For [breach of] the mund [protection] of a widow of the best cla.s.s, of an eorl's degree, let the bot be 50 s.h.i.+llings; of the second, 20 s.h.i.+llings; of the third, 12 s.h.i.+llings; of the fourth, 6 s.h.i.+llings.

76. If a man carry off a widow not under his own protection by right, let the mund be twofold.

77. If a man buy a maiden with cattle, let the bargain stand, if it be without fraud; but if there be fraud, let him bring her home again, and let his property be restored to him.

78. If she bear a live child, she shall have half the property, if the husband die first.

79. If she wish to go away with her children, she shall have half the property.

80. If the husband wish to keep them [the children], [she shall have the same portion] as one child.

81. If she bear no child, her paternal kindred shall have the fioh [her money and chattels] and the morgen gyfe [morning gift: a gift made to the bride by her husband on the morning following the consummation of the marriage].

82. If a man carry off a maiden by force, let him pay 50 s.h.i.+llings to the owner, and afterwards buy [the object of] his will from the owner.

83. If she be betrothed to another man in money [at a bride price], let him [who carried her off] make bot with 20 s.h.i.+llings.

84. If she become gaengang [pregnant], 35 s.h.i.+llings; and 15 s.h.i.+llings to the King.

85. If a man lie with an esne's wife, her husband still living, let him make twofold bot.

86. If one esne slay another unoffending, let him pay for him at his full worth.

87. If an esne's eye and foot be struck out or off, let him be paid for at his full worth.

88. If any one bind another man's esne, let him make bot with 6 s.h.i.+llings.

89. Let [compensation for] weg reaf [highway robbery] of a theow [slave]

be 3 s.h.i.+llings.

90. If a theow steal, let him make twofold bot [twice the value of the stolen goods]."

- Judicial Procedure -

The King and his freemen would hear and decide cases of wrongful behavior such as breach of the peace. Punishment would be given to the offender by the community.

There were occasional meetings of "hundreds", which were 100 households, to settle widespread disputes. The chief officer was "hundreder" or "constable". He was responsible for keeping the peace of the hundred.

The Druid priests decided all disputes of the Celts.

- - - Chapter 2 - - -