Ancient States and Empires Part 43

M521 Truce of one year.

M522 Its conditions.

M523 Both Cleon and Brasidas opposed to the truce.

M524 Death of Cleon and of Brasidas.

M525 Consequences of the battle of Amphipolis. The peace of Nicias.

M526 Causes of the war still continued.

M527 Alcibiades.

M528 Character of Alcibiades.

M529 His intellectual training under Socrates.

M530 His abandoned habits.

M531 His intrigues.

M532 His extravagance at the Olympic games.

M533 Renewal of hostilities.

M534 Effect of the battle of Mantinea.

M535 Siege of Melos.

M536 The invasion of Sicily.

M537 The Grecian colonies in Sicily. Syracuse.

M538 Agrigentum and Gela. The reign of Gelo. His power in Sicily. His successor Hiero. Grandeur of Syracuse.

M539 The Dorian cities of Sicily make war on the Ionian.

M540 Intervention of Athens. Opposed by Nicias, but favored by Alcibiades.

M541 Athenian expedition against Syracuse.

M542 Self-confidence of the Athenians.

M543 Unfavorable auguries.

M544 Alcibiades accused of divulging the Eleusinian mysteries.

M545 Sailing of the Athenian fleet.

M546 Escape of Alcibiades to Sparta.

M547 Nicias commands the expedition. Rebellion and treason of Alcibiades.

M548 Situation of Syracuse. Inaction of Nicias. Athenian fleet inclosed by the Syracusans. Retreat of Athenians.

M549 Mismanagement of Nicias.

M550 Exhaustion of Athens.

M551 The Athenian navy hopelessly crippled.

M552 Effects of the disastrous expedition against Syracuse. The Athenians compelled to make use of their reserved fund.

M553 Escape of Alcibiades from Sparta.

M554 Popular revolution in Athens.

M555 Restless schemes of Alcibiades.

M556 Vain promises of Alcibiades. Aid invoked from Persia. An oligarchy at Athens. Alcibiades cheats the Athenians.

M557 Athens seeks peace with Sparta. Unprincipled conduct of Alcibiades.

M558 Subversion of the oligarchy. Restoration of the old const.i.tution.

M559 Alternate successes and failures of the belligerents.

M560 Revival of the hopes of the Athenians.

M561 Cyrus sent to Phrygia.

M562 Union of Cyrus with Lysander.

M563 Return of Alcibiades to Athens. His exploits.

M564 His reverses. Lysander recalled to Sparta.

M565 Vigorous measures of the Lacedaemonians. The battle of Arginusae.

M566 Lysander returns to power.

M567 Capture of the Athenian fleet. Despair of Athens.

M568 Annihilation of the Athenian empire.

M569 Surrender of Athens to the Spartans.

M570 Fate of Athens.

M571 Close of the war.

M572 Cause of the fall of Athens. Miserable spirit of the war. Alcibiades the evil genius of Athens. His inglorious death.

M573 Glory of Lysander.

M574 Effect of the Peloponnesian war.

M575 The real ends of Cyrus disguised.

M576 Mercenary Greeks enlist under Cyrus.

M577 Character of Cyrus. High estimation in which he held the Greeks.

M578 He dissembles his designs.

M579 He commences his march.

M580 Character of the Greeks who joined his standard.

M581 Xenophon.

M582 Cyrus reviews his army. The Greeks perceive that they have been deceived.

M583 Cyrus crosses into Syria. He crosses the Euphrates. Battle of Cunaxa.

M584 Dismay of the Greeks. They retreat.

M585 Their forlorn condition.

M586 Deceitful negotiations of the Persians.

M587 The Persian king aims at their overthrow.

M588 The despair of the Greeks.

M589 Xenophon rallies the Greeks.

M590 Their retreat to the Tigris. Their perils and hards.h.i.+ps.

M591 The march through Armenia. They reach the Euxine.

M592 New troubles and dangers.

M593 They pa.s.s by sea to Sinope. Their courage and faith.

M594 They reach Byzantium.

M595 But are excluded from the city. They enlist in the service of Sparta.

M596 Moral effect of the expedition.

M597 Sparta never lost her power.

M598 Continued glory of Athens also.

M599 Consequences of the Peloponnesian war.

M600 Paramount authority of Sparta after the victories of Lysander.

M601 Sparta incurs the jealousy of Greece.

M602 Her oppressive superiority.

M603 Effect of the tyrannical policy of Sparta.

M604 Renewal of the war with Persia.

M605 Agesilaus, king of Sparta.

M606 Recall of Agesilaus from the war.

M607 Discontent of the Grecian States. Alienation of the allies of Sparta.

M608 Enrichment of Sparta.

M609 Conspiracy against the States.

M610 Lacedaemonian fleet threatened. Naval victory over the Lacedaemonians.

M611 Revolt of Thebes.

M612 Renewed power of the city.

M613 Battle of Coronaea.

M614 Decline of Sparta.

M615 Corinth becomes the seat of war.

M616 Great disaster to Sparta.

M617 Sparta invokes the aid of Persia.

M618 Death of Thrasybulus.

M619 Investment of Rhodes. Evil consequences of the rivalries of the Grecian States.

M620 Thebes.