The English Language Part 119

[12] And on the west of the Old Saxons is the mouth of the river Elbe and Friesland; and then north-west is the land which is called _Angle_ and Sealand, and some part of the Danes.

[13] He sailed to the harbour which is called Haeum, which stands betwixt the Wends (_i.e._ the Wagrian Slaves, for which see -- 42) and Saxons, and _Angle_, and belongs to Denmark ... and two days before he came to Haeum, there was on his starboard Gothland, and Sealand, and many islands. On that land lived _Angles_, before they hither to the land came.

[14] Zeus, in _voc_.

[15] Zeus, in _voc._

[16] Zeus, in _voc._

[17] See G. D. S. Vol. ii. II.

[18] Zeus, p. 492.

[19] As in _Amherst_ and _inherent_.

[20] The meaning of the note of interrogation is explained in -- 148.

[21] Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine.

[22] Natural History of Man.

[23] This list is taken from Smart's valuable and logical English Grammar.

[24] As in _Shotover Hill_, near Oxford.

[25] As in _Jerusalem artichoke_.

[26] A sort of silk.

[27] _Ancient Ca.s.sio_--"Oth.e.l.lo."

[28] This cla.s.s of words was pointed out to me by the very intelligent Reader of my first edition.

[29] V. Beknopte Historie van't Vaderland, i. 3, 4.

[30] Hist. Manch. b. i. c. 12.

[31] Dissertation of the Origin of the Scottish Language.--JAMIESON'S Etymological Dictionary, vol. i. p. 45, 46.

[32] Sir W. Betham's Gael and Cymry, c. iii.

[33] Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae Monumenta, iv. 3.

[34] To say, for instance, _Chemist_ for _Chymist_, or _vice versa_; for I give no opinion as to the proper mode of spelling.

[35] Mr. Pitman, of Bath, is likely to add to his claims as an orthographist by being engaged in the attempt to determine, inductively, the orthoepy of a certain number of doubtful words. He collects the p.r.o.nunciations of a large number of educated men, and takes that of the majority as the true one.

[36] Gesenius, p. 73.

[37] Write one letter twice.

[38] Rev. W. Harvey, author of Ecclesiae Anglicanae Vindex Catholicus.

[39] Murray's Grammar, vol. i. p. 79.

[40] Used as adverbs.

[41] Used as the plurals of _he_, _she_, and _it_.

[42] Different from _ilk_.

[43] Guest, ii. 192.

[44] Or _call-s._

[45] _Thou s_a_ngest_, _thou dr_a_nkest_, &c.--For a reason given in the sequel, these forms are less unexceptionable than _s_u_ngest_, _dr_u_nkest_, &c.

[46] Antiquated.

[47] As the present section is written with the single view of ill.u.s.trating the subject, no mention has been made of the forms [Greek: tupo] (_typo_), and [Greek: etupon] (_etypon_).

[48] Obsolete.

[49] Obsolete.

[50] Obsolete.

[51] The forms marked thus^{[51]} are either obsolete or provincial.

[52] Obsolete.

[53] Sounded _wun_.

[54] Obsolete.

[55] Praeterite, or Perfect.

[56] Philological Museum, ii. p. 387.

[57] Vol. ii. p. 203.

[58] Found rarely; bist being the current form.--Deutsche Grammatik, i.

894.

[59] _Over, under, after._--These, although derived forms, are not prepositions of derivation; since it is not by the affix _-er_ that they are made prepositions. _He went over_, _he went under_, _he went after_--these sentences prove the forms to be as much adverbial as prepositional.

[60] In the first edition of this work I wrote, "Verbs substantive govern the nominative case." Upon this Mr. Connon, in his "System of English Grammar," remarks, "The idea of the _nominative_ being _governed_ is contrary to all received notions of grammar. I consider that the verb _to be_, in all its parts, acts merely as a connective, and can have no effect in governing anything." Of Mr. Connon's two reasons, the second is so sufficient that it ought to have stood alone. The true view of the so-called verb substantive is that it is no verb at all, but only the fraction of one. Hence, what I wrote was inaccurate. As to the question of the impropriety of considering nominative cases fit subjects for government it is a matter of definition.

[61] The paper _On certain tenses attributed to the Greek verb_ has already been quoted. The author, however, of the doctrine on the use of _shall_ and _will_, is not the author of the doctrine alluded to in the Chapter on the Tenses. There are, in the same number of the Philological Museum, two papers under one t.i.tle: first, the text by a writer who signs himself T. F.