The Compleat Surgeon Part 37

_Of the Fracture of the _Coccyx_ or Rump-Bone._

This Bone is usually broken by falls, and sinks into the inside; so that to reduce it, the Fore-finger of one Hand is to be put into the _a.n.u.s_ or Fundament as far as the {284} Fracture, to thrust it back again into its place, whilst the other Hand setleth it on the outside.

_The Dressing and Bandage._

Are the same with those in the Fracture of the _Os Sacrum_; but the Patient must be oblig'd to lie on one side, and to sit in a perforated Chair, when he hath a mind to rise.

If the _Os Innominatum_ be broken, the _Spica_ is to be us'd after it hath been dress'd, of which Bandage we have given an Account in the Fracture of the Clavicle.

CHAP. X.

_Of the Fracture of the _Humerus_ or Arm-Bone._

To set this Bone, a strong Extension is to be made, if the two ends cross one another, to which purpose the Patient is to be plac'd on a little Stool or Seat, and supported by a Servant, two other a.s.sistants being employ'd to draw, one at the upper-part, and the other at the lower, above the Elbow, and not beneath it. In the mean time the Operator reduceth the two Bones, by closing 'em on all sides with the Palms of his Hands, and afterward prepareth {285}

_The Dressing and Bandage._

It is necessary at first to lay round the Fracture a Bolster steept in some proper Liquor, as Claret or _Oxycratum_; then three several Bands are to be taken, three or four Fingers broad, and an Ell and a half long: The first of these is to be laid upon the Fracture, round which are to be made three very streight Circ.u.mvolutions; then it is to be carry'd up with small Rollers to the top of the Arm, and stay'd round the Body. The second Band being apply'd to the Fracture, on the side opposite to the first, two Circ.u.mvolutions are to be made upon the Fracture; so that the same Band may be brought down along the whole length of the Arm, making divers Rollers, and at last stay'd below the Elbow, which, nevertheless, it must not cover.

Afterward our Longitudinal Bolsters must be laid upon the Fracture round about the Arm, which are to be kept close with a third Band; it being of no great Importance whether the Application of this third Band be begun at the Top or at the Bottom; but it may be stay'd round the Body, or else beneath the Elbow. The Arm ought also to be encompa.s.s'd with two thick pieces of Paste-board made round at the ends, and of the length of the Arm; but they must not cross one another. These Paste-boards are to be fasten'd with three Ribbands, and the Arm is to be put into a Scarf made with a large Napkin, which is to be first apply'd in the middle under the Arm-pit, the Arm resting upon it, so that {286} the four ends may be rais'd up, and fasten'd to the opposite Shoulder; but the Hand must lie higher than the Elbow.

CHAP. XI.

_Of the Fracture of the Bone of the Elbow._

If both the Bones of the Elbow be broken, a stronger Extension is to be made than if only one of 'em were so hurt; to which purpose a Servant is to be appointed to grasp the Arm above the Elbow with both his Hands, and another to hold it above the Wrist, whilst the Surgeon sets the Bones with the Palms of both his Hands, till no unevenness be any longer felt in the Part.

_The Dressing and Bandage_

Are the same with those in the Fracture of the Arm; but the Bands which are carry'd upward are to be stay'd above the Elbow. If the Patient be desirous to keep his Bed, it is requisite that his Arm be laid upon a Pillow, the Elbow lying somewhat higher than the Hand.

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CHAP. XII.

_Of the Fracture of the _Carpus_ or Wrist-Bone._

If the Bones of the _Carpus_, or those of the _Metacarpium_ be fractur'd, a Servant must hold the Arm above the Wrist, and another the Fingers; whilst the Operator sets the Bones in their place, so as no unevenness may appear in the Part.

_The Dressing and Bandage._

Of the Fracture of the Wrist are to be prepar'd with a Band roll'd with one Head, being six Ells Long, and two Fingers broad; so that three Circ.u.mvolutions are to be made upon the Wrist; the Band is to be pa.s.s'd over the Hand, between the Thumb and the Fore-finger, making the Figure of KY upon the Thumb. Then after having made divers Rollers upon the _Carpus_, a Bolster is to be apply'd, with a little Piece of Paste-board of the same Shape with the Wrist; several Rollers are to be form'd on the top of the Elbow, to stay the Band above it; and the Arm is to be put into a Scarf.

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CHAP. XIII.

_Of the Fracture of the Bone of the _Metacarpium_._

Two Servants are to hold the Hand, after the same manner as in the setting of the _Carpus_ or Wrist-Bone, whilst the Surgeon reduceth the broken Bone by fixing it in its Natural Situation.

_The Dressing and Bandage_

Are made with a Band roll'd up with one Head, five Ells long, and two Fingers broad: This Band being fasten'd to the Wrist, with a Circ.u.mvolution, is to be laid on the _Metacarpium_, between the Thumb and the Fore-finger, and the Figure of KY is to be made upon the Hand: Then the forming of Rollers and KY's is to be continu'd till the _Metacarpium_ be cover'd; a Bolster and Paste-board are to be laid upon the same _Metacarpium_; as also one in the Hand, of the Shape of the Part: The inside of the Hand is to be trimm'd; and the whole Contexture is to be cover'd as before, with Rollers; which are continu'd till above the Elbow, where the Band is stay'd.

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CHAP. XIV.

_Of the Fracture of the Fingers._

A Light Extension is to be made in the Fingers to reduce 'em, and a small Dressing is to be prepar'd for every Finger, almost like that of the Arm.

The Fingers are to be somewhat bent, and the inside of the Hand is to be trimm'd with a Bolster, to retain 'em in this Situation. The Bolster is also to be stay'd with a Band, and the Arm to be put into a Scarf.

CHAP. XV.

_Of the Fracture of the Thigh._

If the Thigh-Bone be broken near its Head, the Fracture is very difficult to be discover'd; but if the Bone pa.s.s one over another, it may be soon known, because the hurt leg will be shorter than the other. Therefore a very great Extension is to be made; and if the Hands are not sufficient for that purpose, recourse may be had to Straps and Engines. In the mean time the Operator is to lay his Thumbs upon the fractur'd Bone, to thrust it back into its place, and afterward to apply {290}

_The Dressing and Bandage._

The Cavity of the Thigh is to be fill'd with a thick Bolster, of the length of its bending; and three Bands four Fingers broad are to be provided, the first being three Ells long, and the second four, as well as the third: Then three Circ.u.mvolutions are to be made upon the Fracture with the first Band, carrying it up with small Rollers, and it is to be stay'd round the Body. The second Band is to make two Circ.u.mvolutions upon the Fracture, and is to be brought down with small Rollers, which are terminated above the Knee; or else they may be continu'd all along the Leg; it is also to be pa.s.s'd under the Foot, and to be drawn up again upon the Leg: Then a Bolster is to be apply'd to the lower part of the Thigh, being thicker at bottom than at top, to render the Thigh everywhere even; and four Longitudinal Bolsters are to be added, on which are laid Splints of the same length and breadth, which are to be wrapt up with a single Bolster.

The third Band is to be roll'd upon these Splints, beginning at the bottom, and ascending with Rollers. Then two large Paste-boards are to be us'd, which may embrace the whole Dressing, without crossing one another, being fasten'd with three Ribbands. Afterward a Pair of Pumps is to be put under the Foot, and the Heel to be supported with a small Roll, the Thigh and Leg being let into the Scarves, the inner of which is to extend to the Groin, and the {291} outermost is to be somewhat longer: Two little Cus.h.i.+ons are also to be laid on each side below the Knee, and two others below the Ankles, to fill up the Cavities. These Cus.h.i.+ons or large Bolsters are to lie between the Scarves; and a thick Bolster is to be laid upon the Leg all along its length, as also on upon the Thigh. The Scarves are to be bound with three Ribbands for the Legs, and as many for the Thighs; the Knots being ty'd without, and on the side.

CHAP. XVI.

_Of the Fracture of the Knee-Pan._