History of the United States Volume I Part 1

HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.

by E. Benjamin Andrews.

VOLUME I.

NEW YORK.

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

1912.

TO MY WIFE.

PREFACE.

Notwithstanding the number of United States histories already in existence, and the excellence of many of them, I venture to think that no apology is needed for bringing forward another.

1. The work now presented to the public is believed to utilize, more than any of its predecessors, the many valuable researches of recent years into the rich archives of this and other nations.

2. Most of the briefer treatments of the subject are manuals, intended for pupils in schools, the conspicuous articulation so necessary for this purpose greatly lessening their interest for the general reader.

The following narrative will be found continuous as well as of moderate compa.s.s.

3. I have sought to make more prominent than popular histories have usually done, at the same time the political evolution of our country on the one hand, and the social culture, habits, and life of the people on the other.

4. The work strives to observe scrupulous proportion in treating the different parts and phases of our national career, neglecting none and over-emphasizing none. Also, while p.r.o.nouncedly national and patriotic, it is careful to be perfectly fair and kind to the people of all sections.

5. Effort has been made to present the matter in the most natural periods and divisions, and to give such a t.i.tle to each of these as to render the table of contents a truthful and instructive epitome of our national past.

6. With the same aim the Fore-history is exhibited in sharp separation from the United States history proper, calling due attention to what is too commonly missed, the truly epochal character of the adoption of our present Const.i.tution, in 1789.

7. Copious ill.u.s.tration has been employed, with diligent study to make it for every reader in the highest degree an instrument of instruction, delight, and cultivation in art.

8. No pains has been spared to secure perfect accuracy in all references to dates, persons, and places, so that the volumes may be used with confidence as a work of reference. I am persuaded that much success in this has been attained, despite the uncertainty still attaching to many matters of this sort in United States history, especially to dates.

BROWN UNIVERSITY, September 15. 1894.

PUBLISHERS' NOTE

The last edition of President Andrews's History was issued in 1905, in five volumes, and brought the narrative down to the inauguration of President Roosevelt in March of that year. In preparing the extension of the work by the addition of a sixth volume, entrusted to the competent hands of Professor James Alton James of Northwestern University, it has been thought desirable to begin this final volume with the chapters ent.i.tled "The Rise of Roosevelt" and "Mr. Roosevelt's Presidency." This has involved some expansion and revision of these chapters as well as the continuance of the History from 1905 to the present time. The Appendices, which include public doc.u.ments of fundamental importance and the significant results in various fields of the Census of 1910, are an additional feature of the new edition.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS

Age and Origin of Man in America.

Primordial Americans unlike Present Asiatics.

Resemblances between their Various Branches.

Two Great Types.

The Mound-builders' Age.

Design of the Mounds.

Different Forms.

Towns and Cities.

Proofs of Culture.

Arts.

Fate of the Mound-builders.

The Indians.

Their Number.

Degree of Civilization.

Power of Endurance.

Religion.

The Various Nations.

Original Brute Inhabitants of North America.

Plants, Fruits, and Trees.

Indian Agriculture.

Part First

THE FORE-HISTORY

PERIOD I

DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT

1492-1660

CHAPTER 1. COLUMBUS.

Bretons and Normans in the New World.

The Northmen Question.

Marco Polo's Travels.

His Pictures of Eastern Asia.

Influence on Columbus.

Early Life of Columbus.

His Cruises and Studies.

Asia to be Reached by Sailing West.

Appeals for Aid.

Rebuffs.

Success.

Sails from Palos.

The Voyage.

America Discovered.

Columbus's Later Voyages and Discoveries.