Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary Part 14

_*Emplastrum Belladonnae (Emp. Bellad.), Belladonna Plaster, U.S.P._--Extract of belladonna leaves (30%), yielding about 0.37 per cent. of alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Applied in the treatment of rheumatic and similar pains.

_*Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum (Ext. Bellad. Fol.), Extract of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm.

belladonna leaves and yields about 1.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Two forms: pilular extract of belladonna leaves and powdered extract of belladonna leaves.

DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum (Tr. Bellad. Fol.), Tincture of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._ (Belladonnae Tinctura, P.I.)--Belladonna leaves (10%) yielding about 0.03 per cent. of alkaloids in alcohol.

Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Unguentum Belladonnae (Ung. Bellad.), Belladonna Ointment, U.S.P._--Pilular extract of belladonna leaves (10%) in diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.

=Belladonnae Radix (Bellad. Rad.), Belladonna Root, U.S.P.= (Deadly Nightshade Root).--Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine (which see) contained therein.

DOSAGE: 0.045 Gm. or 3/4 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis (Fldext. Bellad. Rad.), Fluidextract of Belladonna Root, U.S.P._--Belladonna root (100%) yielding about 0.45 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_Linimentum Belladonnae (Lin. Bellad.), Belladonna Liniment, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of belladonna root (about 95%) and camphor (5%).

Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

USES: A mildly a.n.a.lgesic and rubefacient application.

=Benzaldehydum (Benzaldehyd.), Benzaldehyde, U.S.P.=--Produced synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almonds.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a bitter-almond odor and a burning, aromatic taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, ether, and fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

=Benzinum Purificatum (Benzin. Purif.), Purified Petroleum Benzin, U.S.P.= (Petroleum Ether).

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal or faint petroleum odor; highly inflammable. Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and miscible with ether, chloroform, volatile oils and fixed oils with the exception of castor oil.

ACTION AND USES: Pharmaceutic solvent.

=*Benzoinum (Benzoin.), Benzoin, U.S.P.= (Gum Benjamin).--A balsamic resin.

ACTION AND USES: Used locally to promote healing, and in inhalations as an expectorant.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Benzoini (Tr. Benz.), Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Benzoini Composita (Tr. Benz. Co.), Compound Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin (10%), aloes (2%), storax (8%), balsam of tolu (4%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

USES: Protective and local stimulant, especially by inhalation.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Benzosulphinidum (Benzosulphinid.), Benzosulphinide, U.S.P.= (Saccharin, Glusidum).

A white, nearly odorless powder with an intensely sweet taste even in dilute solutions. Slightly soluble (1:290) in water and soluble (1:31) in alcohol and readily dissolved by ammonia water or by a solution of alkali hydroxides or of sodium bicarbonate.

ACTION AND USES: Sweetening agent in diabetes mellitus; about 500 times as sweet as sugar, weight for weight.

=Berberis (Berber.), Berberis, N.F.= (Oregon Grape Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Probably similar to, but without advantage over, hydrastis.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Berberidis (Fldext. Berberid.), Fluidextract of Berberis, N.F._--Berberis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Betaeucainae Hydrochloridum (Betaeucain. Hydrochl.), Betaeucaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Eucaine Chloride, Eucaine; also known as Benzamine Hydrochloride).

A white, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and in alcohol (1:35).

ACTION AND USES: Local anesthetic.

DOSAGE: In a 2 or 3 per cent. solution for the eye or 5 to 10 per cent. solution for the nose and throat.

=*Betanaphthol (Betanaph.), Betanaphthol, U.S.P.= (Naphthol).

Colorless or pale buff crystalline laminae or white or yellowish powder, with a faint phenol odor and a pungent taste. Only slightly soluble in water (1:1000) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic, somewhat stronger than phenol and less toxic. Used in skin affections, and as intestinal antiseptic and anthelmintic for hookworm.