Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary Part 2

=Acidum Gallic.u.m (Acid. Gallic.), Gallic Acid, U.S.P.=

An odorless, almost white powder, with an astringent taste. Soluble in water (1:87) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:4.6) and in glycerin (1:10).

ACTION AND USES: Mild astringent; not very effective.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

=Acidum Hydriodic.u.m Dilutum (Acid. Hydriod. Dil.), Diluted Hydriodic Acid, U.S.P.=--HI (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste.

Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, also with metallic oxides and salts of silver and of lead.

ACTION AND USES: Has the general properties of iodides.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted. Administered chiefly in the form of syrup as a subst.i.tute for the alkali iodides, over which it has no material advantage.

_Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici (Syr. Acid. Hydriod.), Syrup of Hydriodic Acid, U.S.P._--Hydriodic acid (about 1.25%).

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=Acidum Hydrobromic.u.m Dilutum (Acid. Hydrobrom. Dil.), Diluted Hydrobromic Acid, U.S.P.=--HBr (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste.

Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, metallic oxides and the salts of silver and of lead.

ACTION AND USES: In general, those of bromides; but the preparation is objectionable because of its acidity.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

=*Acidum Hydrochloric.u.m (Acid. Hydrochl.), Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P.= (Muriatic Acid).--HCl (about 32%).

A fuming, corrosive liquid. Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, metallic oxides and salts of silver and of lead.

ACTION AND USES: Used in gastric hypoacidity; also as caustic; antiseptic.

_*Acidum Hydrochloric.u.m Dilutum (Acid. Hydrochl. Dil.), Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P._--HCl (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless, strongly acid solution.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), after meals, diluted in one-half to one gla.s.s water and taken through a gla.s.s tube to protect the teeth.

=Acidum Hydrocyanic.u.m Dilutum (Acid. Hydrocyan. Dil.), Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid, U.S.P.= (Diluted Prussic Acid, Acidum Hydrocyanic.u.m Dilutum, P.I.).--HCN (about 2%).

A colorless liquid, with an odor like that of bitter almonds.

ACTION AND USES: Said to be sedative. Was formerly used as an addition to cough mixtures and as an antiemetic but, because of its poisonous properties and instability, is no longer used to the same extent.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.)--not drops.

=Acidum Hypophosphorosum (Acid. Hypophos.), Hypophosphorous Acid, U.S.P.=--H{3}PO{2} (about 31%).

A colorless, odorless liquid.

ACTION AND USES: Ingredient of compound hypophosphite preparations.

_Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum (Acid. Hypophos. Dil.), Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid, U.S.P._--H{3}PO{2} (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid with a strong acid taste.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

=Acidum Lactic.u.m (Acid. Lact.), Lactic Acid, U.S.P.=--Equivalent to about 87 per cent. lactic acid.

A colorless or nearly colorless, nearly odorless, syrupy liquid, with an acid taste. Miscible with water.

ACTION AND USES: Caustic; seldom used internally.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

=*Acidum Nitric.u.m (Acid. Nitric.), Nitric Acid, U.S.P.=--HNO{3} (about 68%).

A colorless, fuming, very corrosive liquid with a suffocating odor.

Miscible with water.

ACTION AND USES: Caustic.

=Acidum Nitrohydrochloric.u.m (Acid. Nitrohydrochl.), Nitrohydrochloric Acid, U.S.P.= (Aqua Regia, Nitromuriatic Acid).--A mixture of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, nitrosyl chloride and chlorine.

A golden-yellow, fuming, very corrosive liquid. Miscible with water.

ACTION AND USES: Caustic. Formerly thought to be a "hepatic stimulant," but acts much like other mineral acids.

_Acidum Nitrohydrochloric.u.m Dilutum (Acid. Nitrohydrochl. Dil.), Diluted Nitrohydrochloric Acid, U.S.P._ (Diluted Nitromuriatic Acid).--An aqueous solution of about one-fifth the strength of nitrohydrochloric acid; should be freshly prepared.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.

=Acidum Oleic.u.m (Acid. Oleic.), Oleic Acid, U.S.P.=--Obtained from fats.

A yellowish or brownish-yellow, oily liquid, having a lard-like odor and taste. Practically insoluble in water, partially soluble in 60 per cent. alcohol.