Night and Day Part 30

4 (p. 134) (p. 134) "Pendennis "Pendennis-Warrington-I could never forgive Laura . . . for not marrying George. . . . George Eliot did the very same thing": In Thackeray's novel In Thackeray's novel The History of Pendennis The History of Pendennis (1848-1850), Laura Bell marries the hero, Arthur Pendennis, rather than his friend George Warrington-a questionable choice that Mrs. Cosham compares to English novelist George Eliot's taste in men. The liaison between Eliot (1819-1880) and English philosopher and critic George Henry Lewes (1817-1878) lasted more than twenty years, though the married Lewes was unable to divorce his wife. (1848-1850), Laura Bell marries the hero, Arthur Pendennis, rather than his friend George Warrington-a questionable choice that Mrs. Cosham compares to English novelist George Eliot's taste in men. The liaison between Eliot (1819-1880) and English philosopher and critic George Henry Lewes (1817-1878) lasted more than twenty years, though the married Lewes was unable to divorce his wife.

5 (p. 135) (p. 135) "There "There was was a pond with tadpoles.... Millais made studies of it for 'Ophelia'": a pond with tadpoles.... Millais made studies of it for 'Ophelia'": English painter John Everett Millais (1829-1896) is perhaps best known for this work, which hangs in London's Tate Gallery and was inspired by the drowning of Ophelia in Shakespeare's tragedy English painter John Everett Millais (1829-1896) is perhaps best known for this work, which hangs in London's Tate Gallery and was inspired by the drowning of Ophelia in Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet. Hamlet.

6 (p. 136) (p. 136) "To be imprison'd . . . pendant world": "To be imprison'd . . . pendant world": In this pa.s.sage from In this pa.s.sage from Measure for Measure Measure for Measure (act 3, scene 1), Claudio describes his horror of death to his sister Isabella. (act 3, scene 1), Claudio describes his horror of death to his sister Isabella.

Chapter XVIII.

1 (p. 203) (p. 203) "I'm wandering about Lincoln looking for the ruins": "I'm wandering about Lincoln looking for the ruins": The city of Lincoln in eastern England is the site of the ancient Roman town Lindum Colonia. Mrs. Hilbery is searching for Newport Arch, the north gate of Lindum, which probably dates from the early second century. The city of Lincoln in eastern England is the site of the ancient Roman town Lindum Colonia. Mrs. Hilbery is searching for Newport Arch, the north gate of Lindum, which probably dates from the early second century.

2 (p. 207) (p. 207) a lonely spot marked by an obelisk of granite: a lonely spot marked by an obelisk of granite: Woolf may be suggesting the Dunston pillar, which stands about 8 miles to the south-east of Lincoln; built in 1751 by Sir Francis Dashwood (founder of a secret society known as the "Mad Monks of Medmenham"), it served as an "inland lighthouse" to guide travelers over the heath. Woolf may be suggesting the Dunston pillar, which stands about 8 miles to the south-east of Lincoln; built in 1751 by Sir Francis Dashwood (founder of a secret society known as the "Mad Monks of Medmenham"), it served as an "inland lighthouse" to guide travelers over the heath.

3 (p. 213) (p. 213) they were like the children in the fairy tale who were lost in a wood, and with this in her mind she noticed the scattering of dead leaves all round them: they were like the children in the fairy tale who were lost in a wood, and with this in her mind she noticed the scattering of dead leaves all round them: In the English fairy tale "Babes in the Wood," abandoned children perish in the woods and are covered with leaves by Robin Redbreast. In the English fairy tale "Babes in the Wood," abandoned children perish in the woods and are covered with leaves by Robin Redbreast.

Chapter XX.

1 (p. 227) (p. 227) "To know the truth-to accept without bitterness" . . . the statue of Francis, Duke of Bedford: "To know the truth-to accept without bitterness" . . . the statue of Francis, Duke of Bedford: Whig politician Francis Russell, fifth duke of Bedford (1765-1802), was a noted stockbreeder. His statue stands in Russell Square, Mary's workplace, and shows him with a plough and sheep. The pa.s.sage Mary quotes is inscribed on the statue's base. Whig politician Francis Russell, fifth duke of Bedford (1765-1802), was a noted stockbreeder. His statue stands in Russell Square, Mary's workplace, and shows him with a plough and sheep. The pa.s.sage Mary quotes is inscribed on the statue's base.

Chapter XXI.

1 (p. 236) (p. 236) one could have a life of one's own: one could have a life of one's own: This pa.s.sage antic.i.p.ates Woolf's This pa.s.sage antic.i.p.ates Woolf's A Room of One's Own A Room of One's Own (1929), in which she argues that "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." (1929), in which she argues that "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."

Chapter XXIII.

1 (p. 262) (p. 262) Kew: Kew: Woolf often walked in the Royal Botanic Gardens, known as Kew Gardens, in the southwest London district of Kew. She used the site as the setting for her short story "Kew Gardens," which she wrote simultaneously with Woolf often walked in the Royal Botanic Gardens, known as Kew Gardens, in the southwest London district of Kew. She used the site as the setting for her short story "Kew Gardens," which she wrote simultaneously with Night and Day. Night and Day.

Chapter XXIV.

1 (p. 266) (p. 266) Anne Hathaway had a way, among other things, of writing Shakespeare's sonnets: Anne Hathaway had a way, among other things, of writing Shakespeare's sonnets: Mrs. Hilbery is taking her place in a long line of critics who argue that someone other than Shakespeare wrote the sonnets attributed to him-possibly his wife, Anne Hathaway (c.1556-1623). Mrs. Hilbery is taking her place in a long line of critics who argue that someone other than Shakespeare wrote the sonnets attributed to him-possibly his wife, Anne Hathaway (c.1556-1623).

2 (p. 267) (p. 267) "Rosalind . . . old nurse . . . Hamlet . . . the fools "Rosalind . . . old nurse . . . Hamlet . . . the fools ... ... Hotspur Hotspur ... ... Henry the Fifth": Henry the Fifth": Mrs. Hilbery refers to characters from several of Shakespeare's plays: Rosalind in Mrs. Hilbery refers to characters from several of Shakespeare's plays: Rosalind in As You Like It; As You Like It; Juliet's nurse in Juliet's nurse in Romeo and Juliet; Romeo and Juliet; the t.i.tle characters of the t.i.tle characters of Hamlet Hamlet and and Henry the Fifth; Henry the Fifth; the fools in the fools in As You Like It, King Lear, As You Like It, King Lear, and and Twelfth Night, Twelfth Night, and Hotspur in and Hotspur in Henry IV, Part One. Henry IV, Part One.

Chapter XXV.

1 (p. 287) (p. 287) The world . . . offers no happiness, no rest from struggle, no certainty: The world . . . offers no happiness, no rest from struggle, no certainty: This pa.s.sage recalls lines from English poet Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" (1867): "for the world, which seems / To lie before us like a land of dreams, ... / Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, / Nor cert.i.tude, nor peace, nor help for pain." This pa.s.sage recalls lines from English poet Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" (1867): "for the world, which seems / To lie before us like a land of dreams, ... / Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, / Nor cert.i.tude, nor peace, nor help for pain."

2 (p. 287) (p. 287) "Here she comes, like a s.h.i.+p in full sail": "Here she comes, like a s.h.i.+p in full sail": Ralph may be alluding to the arrival of Dalila in English poet John Milton's lyrical drama Ralph may be alluding to the arrival of Dalila in English poet John Milton's lyrical drama Samson Agonistes Samson Agonistes (1671), who "Comes this way sailing, / Like a stately s.h.i.+p . . . / With all her bravery on, and tackle trim, / Sails fill'd, and streamers waving." Or he may be alluding to Mirabell's description of Mrs. Millamant's appearance in English dramatist William Congreve's 1700 drama (1671), who "Comes this way sailing, / Like a stately s.h.i.+p . . . / With all her bravery on, and tackle trim, / Sails fill'd, and streamers waving." Or he may be alluding to Mirabell's description of Mrs. Millamant's appearance in English dramatist William Congreve's 1700 drama The Way of the World The Way of the World: "Here she comes, i'faith, full sail, with her fan spread and streamers out, and a shoal of fools for tenders" (act 2, scene 5).

3 (p. 287) (p. 287) the rigid tail of the Ducal lion: the rigid tail of the Ducal lion: Katharine, glancing across the River Thames, catches sight of the stone lion on the roof of Syon House, Middles.e.x, home of the duke of Northumberland; the lion is the ducal emblem. Katharine, glancing across the River Thames, catches sight of the stone lion on the roof of Syon House, Middles.e.x, home of the duke of Northumberland; the lion is the ducal emblem.

Chapter XXVI.

1 (p. 308) (p. 308) "At twelve my horses turn into rats and off I go": "At twelve my horses turn into rats and off I go": This is an allusion to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella's fairy G.o.d-mother transforms a pumpkin and mice into a carriage and horses to transport her to the royal ball, with the stipulation that the spell will be over at midnight. This is an allusion to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella's fairy G.o.d-mother transforms a pumpkin and mice into a carriage and horses to transport her to the royal ball, with the stipulation that the spell will be over at midnight.

2 (p. 309) (p. 309) he had drawn up a scheme for the education of labour, for the amalgamation of the middle cla.s.s and the working cla.s.s, . . . combined in the Society for the Education of Democracy, upon Capital: he had drawn up a scheme for the education of labour, for the amalgamation of the middle cla.s.s and the working cla.s.s, . . . combined in the Society for the Education of Democracy, upon Capital: The language of this pa.s.sage suggests the influence of German political philosopher Karl Marx (his 1867 work, The language of this pa.s.sage suggests the influence of German political philosopher Karl Marx (his 1867 work, Das Kapital, Das Kapital, is an a.n.a.lysis of the economics of capitalism), as well as Mary's and Ralph's far-left views. is an a.n.a.lysis of the economics of capitalism), as well as Mary's and Ralph's far-left views.

Chapter XXVII.

1 (p. 317) (p. 317) After visiting the National Gallery, or Hertford House, or hearing Brahms or Beethoven at the Bechstein Hall: After visiting the National Gallery, or Hertford House, or hearing Brahms or Beethoven at the Bechstein Hall: Ca.s.sandra would be visiting notable London arts sites. The National Gallery, located in Trafalgar Square, houses one of Great Britain's permanent national art collections; Hertford House contains the Wallace Collection, the extensive private art collection of Sir Richard Wallace (1818-1890); Bechstein House, now Wigmore Hall, is a concert hall where Woolf might have heard the works of German composers Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) and Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). Ca.s.sandra would be visiting notable London arts sites. The National Gallery, located in Trafalgar Square, houses one of Great Britain's permanent national art collections; Hertford House contains the Wallace Collection, the extensive private art collection of Sir Richard Wallace (1818-1890); Bechstein House, now Wigmore Hall, is a concert hall where Woolf might have heard the works of German composers Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) and Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827).

2 (p. 318) (p. 318) Sunday . . . is usually dedicated to Nature . . . But Ca.s.sandra rejected Hampton Court, Greenwich, Richmond, and Kew in favour of the Zoological Gardens: Sunday . . . is usually dedicated to Nature . . . But Ca.s.sandra rejected Hampton Court, Greenwich, Richmond, and Kew in favour of the Zoological Gardens: Hampton Court Palace, Greenwich, Richmond upon Thames, and Kew are areas in and around London known for their royal parks and gardens. The London Zoo opened in Regent's Park in 1828. Hampton Court Palace, Greenwich, Richmond upon Thames, and Kew are areas in and around London known for their royal parks and gardens. The London Zoo opened in Regent's Park in 1828.

Chapter XXVIII.

1 (p. 339) (p. 339) "I'm out of my mind. . . . it's insanity, and yet it's perfectly reasonable": "I'm out of my mind. . . . it's insanity, and yet it's perfectly reasonable": Ralph's seemingly contradictory statements are staples of love poetry, English and otherwise. Ralph's seemingly contradictory statements are staples of love poetry, English and otherwise.

2 (p. 342) (p. 342) an odd image came to his mind of a lighthouse.... senseless against the gla.s.s: an odd image came to his mind of a lighthouse.... senseless against the gla.s.s: This pa.s.sage is a striking antic.i.p.ation of Woolf's later novel This pa.s.sage is a striking antic.i.p.ation of Woolf's later novel To the Lighthouse To the Lighthouse (1927). (1927).

3 (p. 347) (p. 347) "what fools we both are!": "what fools we both are!": Rodney's outburst recalls Puck's statement in Shakespeare's Rodney's outburst recalls Puck's statement in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream A Midsummer Night's Dream when he is gazing upon the confused arrangements of lovers: "Lord, what fools these mortals be!" (act 3, scene 2). when he is gazing upon the confused arrangements of lovers: "Lord, what fools these mortals be!" (act 3, scene 2).

Chapter XXIX.

1 (p. 355) (p. 355) "The love of husband and wife is the most holy we know. That is the lesson Mamma's children learnt from her": "The love of husband and wife is the most holy we know. That is the lesson Mamma's children learnt from her": Mrs. Hilbery is referring to Katharine's paternal grandmother. Mrs. Hilbery is referring to Katharine's paternal grandmother.

Chapter x.x.xI.

1 (p. 372) (p. 372) Shakespeare's command to leave his bones undisturbed applied only to odious curiosity-mongers: Shakespeare's command to leave his bones undisturbed applied only to odious curiosity-mongers: Mrs. Hilbery recalls the inscription on Shakespeare's tomb-"Good frend for Jesus sake forbeare / To digg the dust encloased heare; / Blest be ye man yt spares thes stones / And curst be he yt moves my bones"-but decides that it will not impede her literary sleuthing. Mrs. Hilbery recalls the inscription on Shakespeare's tomb-"Good frend for Jesus sake forbeare / To digg the dust encloased heare; / Blest be ye man yt spares thes stones / And curst be he yt moves my bones"-but decides that it will not impede her literary sleuthing.

2 (p. 386) (p. 386) "Mount Ararat Road, Highgate": "Mount Ararat Road, Highgate": There is no such road in Highgate, but there is a Mount Ararat Road in Richmond near Paradise Road, where the Woolfs lived. There is no such road in Highgate, but there is a Mount Ararat Road in Richmond near Paradise Road, where the Woolfs lived.

3 (p. 391) (p. 391) in the pit of the Coliseum.... some remote place such as Camberwell, or Sidcup, or the Welsh Harp: in the pit of the Coliseum.... some remote place such as Camberwell, or Sidcup, or the Welsh Harp: The Coliseum Theatre, on St. Martin's Lane in London's West End, opened as a music hall in 1904 (and is presently the home of the English National Opera); Camberwell and Sidcup are in the southeastern boroughs of Camberwell and Bexley, respectively; and the Welsh Harp Reservoir, a popular place of recreation named after an old alehouse, lies to the northwest in the borough of Brent. The Coliseum Theatre, on St. Martin's Lane in London's West End, opened as a music hall in 1904 (and is presently the home of the English National Opera); Camberwell and Sidcup are in the southeastern boroughs of Camberwell and Bexley, respectively; and the Welsh Harp Reservoir, a popular place of recreation named after an old alehouse, lies to the northwest in the borough of Brent.

Chapter x.x.xII.

1 (p. 400) (p. 400) Hampton Court was decided upon, . . . for though Ca.s.sandra had dreamt as a child of the brigands of Hampstead, she had now transferred her affections . . . to William III: Hampton Court was decided upon, . . . for though Ca.s.sandra had dreamt as a child of the brigands of Hampstead, she had now transferred her affections . . . to William III: Hampstead Heath, a large-and largely uncultivated-park in north London, had long been known for its thieves; King William III (1650-1702) employed renowned English architect Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723) to renovate Hampton Court Palace. Hampstead Heath, a large-and largely uncultivated-park in north London, had long been known for its thieves; King William III (1650-1702) employed renowned English architect Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723) to renovate Hampton Court Palace.

2 (p. 401) (p. 401) "William shall die, and Ca.s.sandra shall be given rooms as the widow of a distinguished poet": "William shall die, and Ca.s.sandra shall be given rooms as the widow of a distinguished poet": The allusion is to the old practice of awarding apartments surrounding the smaller courts of Hampton Court Palace to pensioners of the Crown. The allusion is to the old practice of awarding apartments surrounding the smaller courts of Hampton Court Palace to pensioners of the Crown.

Chapter XXIII.

1 (p. 417) (p. 417) "From Shakespeare's tomb!": "From Shakespeare's tomb!": In fact, the tomb is not outside, but inside Holy Trinity Church. In fact, the tomb is not outside, but inside Holy Trinity Church.

2 (p. 419) (p. 419) the meeting between Keats and Coleridge: the meeting between Keats and Coleridge: This encounter, which took place in Highgate on April 11, 1819, is recorded by Keats in a letter to his brother George four days later, and by Coleridge in an August 14 entry of his collected essays This encounter, which took place in Highgate on April 11, 1819, is recorded by Keats in a letter to his brother George four days later, and by Coleridge in an August 14 entry of his collected essays Table Talk Table Talk (1836). (1836).

3 (p. 422) (p. 422) a little song about a miller's daughter: a little song about a miller's daughter: This is perhaps a reference to Austrian composer Franz Schubert's 1823 song cycle This is perhaps a reference to Austrian composer Franz Schubert's 1823 song cycle Die schone mullerin Die schone mullerin ("The Fair Maid of the Mill"). ("The Fair Maid of the Mill").

4 (p. 425) (p. 425) "I always feel that our physical ailments are so apt to turn into mental ailments. I think Matthew Arnold says something of the same kind about Lord Byron": "I always feel that our physical ailments are so apt to turn into mental ailments. I think Matthew Arnold says something of the same kind about Lord Byron": Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) was an English poet and critic. Such a pa.s.sage has not been found in Arnold's works, although he did publish an essay on Byron in 1881. Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) was an English poet and critic. Such a pa.s.sage has not been found in Arnold's works, although he did publish an essay on Byron in 1881.

5 (p. 416) (p. 416) "marry her in Westminster Abbey "marry her in Westminster Abbey . . . . . . marry her in St. Paul's Cathedral": marry her in St. Paul's Cathedral": Weddings in these two churches are restricted to the select few. A church has stood on the site of Westminster Abbey since before A.D. 1000; the present Gothic-style church was erected by King Henry III in the thirteenth century. St. Paul's Cathedral was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and built from 1675 to 1710 (an earlier church on the site was destroyed in the Great Fire of London). Weddings in these two churches are restricted to the select few. A church has stood on the site of Westminster Abbey since before A.D. 1000; the present Gothic-style church was erected by King Henry III in the thirteenth century. St. Paul's Cathedral was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and built from 1675 to 1710 (an earlier church on the site was destroyed in the Great Fire of London).

6 (p. 429) (p. 429) so that he could see certain streets, books, and situations wearing a halo: so that he could see certain streets, books, and situations wearing a halo: Ralph's reverie strongly resembles a pa.s.sage in Woolf's essay "Modern Fiction" (in Ralph's reverie strongly resembles a pa.s.sage in Woolf's essay "Modern Fiction" (in A Common Reader A Common Reader): "Life is not a series of gig-lamps symmetrically arranged; life is a luminous halo, a semi-transparent envelope surrounding us from the beginning of consciousness to the end."

Chapter x.x.xIV.

1 (p. 441) (p. 441) the golden light of a large steady lamp: the golden light of a large steady lamp: This description also recalls the pa.s.sage in "Modern Fiction" cited in note 6, chapter x.x.xIII. This description also recalls the pa.s.sage in "Modern Fiction" cited in note 6, chapter x.x.xIII.

VIRGINIA WOOLF AND THE HOGARTH PRESS.

In 1917 Leonard and Virginia Woolf purchased a small used hand-press and began printing books in the dining room of their home, Hogarth House, in Richmond upon Thames, London. The couple originally began the venture as a hobby, a distraction they hoped would alleviate Virginia's bouts of depression and the emotional duress she suffered from the pressures of writing. In a humble missive written to an unidentified correspondent on December 10, 1930, as an apology for a printing error, Virginia neatly described the operations of the press: "All I have to urge in excuse is that printing is a hobby carried on in the bas.e.m.e.nt of a London house; that as amateurs all instruction in the art was denied us; that we have picked up what we know for ourselves; and that we practise printing in the intervals of lives that are otherwise engaged." Hogarth's first publication was a slim volume ent.i.tled Two Stories Two Stories (1917), featuring "The Mark on the Wall," by Virginia, and "Three Jews," by Leonard; the printing was limited to 150 copies. (1917), featuring "The Mark on the Wall," by Virginia, and "Three Jews," by Leonard; the printing was limited to 150 copies.

Despite its modest origin, during its first twenty years the Hogarth Press published books by several of the most important writers and thinkers of the twentieth century. Many of these were notables from the Bloomsbury group, to which both Leonard and Virginia belonged. From its inception Hogarth's catalog was diverse, with stories by Katherine Mansfield and E. M. Forster; the multi-volume series The International Psycho-a.n.a.lytical Library, The International Psycho-a.n.a.lytical Library, which included English translations of Sigmund Freud's writings; "Stavrogin's Confession" (1922), an English translation of the lost chapter of Dostoevsky's which included English translations of Sigmund Freud's writings; "Stavrogin's Confession" (1922), an English translation of the lost chapter of Dostoevsky's The Possessed; Duineser Elegien The Possessed; Duineser Elegien ( (Duino Elegies, 1931), by German poet Rainer Maria Rilke; Benito Mussolini's 1931), by German poet Rainer Maria Rilke; Benito Mussolini's The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism (1933); H. G. Wells's (1933); H. G. Wells's The Idea of a World Encyclopaedia The Idea of a World Encyclopaedia (1936); and critical works by Leonard Woolf, Gertrude Stein, and John Maynard Keynes. (1936); and critical works by Leonard Woolf, Gertrude Stein, and John Maynard Keynes.

Leonard and Virginia published according to their tastes rather than releasing safe profit-makers, and they produced many of their favorite t.i.tles by hand. One of these was T. S. Eliot's volume of poetry The Waste Land The Waste Land (1922), which, along with James Joyce's (1922), which, along with James Joyce's Ulysses Ulysses and Woolf's own and Woolf's own Jacob's Room Jacob's Room (both published the same year), is considered to have officially heralded the modernist movement in literature. In 1923 Hogarth reissued (both published the same year), is considered to have officially heralded the modernist movement in literature. In 1923 Hogarth reissued The Waste Land The Waste Land in a handsome hand-printed volume-an edition, like many in Hogarth's catalog, that is now a highly coveted collector's item. Virginia wrote to Barbara Bagenal on July 8, 1923: "I have just finished setting up the whole of Mr Eliot's poem with my own hands: You see how my hand trembles." in a handsome hand-printed volume-an edition, like many in Hogarth's catalog, that is now a highly coveted collector's item. Virginia wrote to Barbara Bagenal on July 8, 1923: "I have just finished setting up the whole of Mr Eliot's poem with my own hands: You see how my hand trembles."

The Hogarth Press published most of Virginia Woolf's own writings as well. The 1919 publication of her short story "Kew Gardens," which included woodcuts by her sister Vanessa Bell, was Hogarth's first highly successful book. Woolf wrote in a June 10, 1919, diary entry: "We came back from Asheham to find the table stacked, littered, with orders for Kew Gardens. Kew Gardens. They strewed the sofa and we opened them intermittently through dinner.... The pleasure of success was considerably damaged . . . by the necessity of getting some 90 copies ready, cutting covers, printing labels, glueing backs, and finally despatching, which used up all spare time and some not spare till this moment." This small volume transformed the Woolfs' publis.h.i.+ng venture into a serious enterprise. They strewed the sofa and we opened them intermittently through dinner.... The pleasure of success was considerably damaged . . . by the necessity of getting some 90 copies ready, cutting covers, printing labels, glueing backs, and finally despatching, which used up all spare time and some not spare till this moment." This small volume transformed the Woolfs' publis.h.i.+ng venture into a serious enterprise.

The Woolfs' independent owners.h.i.+p of the Hogarth Press allowed Virginia to experiment freely with her writing style; the first notable example of this is her novel Jacob's Room, Jacob's Room, published by Hogarth in 1922. Without the interference of editors and strict commercial standards, Woolf toyed as she pleased with the ground-breaking techniques in plot, form, characterization, and treatment of time that established her literary reputation. Other works by Woolf published by the Hogarth Press include published by Hogarth in 1922. Without the interference of editors and strict commercial standards, Woolf toyed as she pleased with the ground-breaking techniques in plot, form, characterization, and treatment of time that established her literary reputation. Other works by Woolf published by the Hogarth Press include Mrs. Dalloway Mrs. Dalloway (1925), (1925), To the Lighthouse To the Lighthouse (1927), (1927), Orlando: A Biography Orlando: A Biography (1928), (1928), A Room of One's Own A Room of One's Own (1929), (1929), The Waves The Waves (1931), and (1931), and Three Guineas Three Guineas (1938). Some of these volumes featured cover designs and woodcuts by Vanessa Bell. (1938). Some of these volumes featured cover designs and woodcuts by Vanessa Bell.

In 1938 Virginia Woolf relinquished her interest as a partner in the press, and an apprentice at Hogarth, John Lehmann, filled her position. Lehmann and Leonard Woolf, however, disagreed on various business issues, and in 1946 Woolf bought Lehmann's share of the company and sold it to the publisher Chatto and Windus. Hogarth Press became a limited company within this larger house, with Woolf serving as a director on the Hogarth board until his death in 1969. Chatto and Windus was acquired by Random House UK in 1987.

COMMENTS & QUESTIONS.