John Barry: An American Hero in the Age of Sail Part 7

Sarah Barry was always very gracious.

NOTES.

The following abbreviations appear in the notes.

APS: American Philosophical Society BFP: Benjamin Franklin Papers DHS: Delaware Historical Society DNA: Department National Archives FDR: Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, N.Y.

GWP: George Was.h.i.+ngton Papers HCL: Haverford College Library HSP: Historical Society of Pennsylvania ISM: Independence Seaport Museum JBP: John Barry Papers, Naval History Society Collection, New-York Historical Society JCC: Journals of the Continental Congress LCOP: Library Company of Philadelphia LDC: Letters of Delegates to Congress LOC: Library of Congress MHS: Maryland Historical Society NDAR: William Bell Clark, ed., Naval Doc.u.ments of the American Revolution. Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C.: Naval History Division, Department of the Navy, 19642005.

NDBW: Naval Doc.u.ments Related to the Barbary Wars. Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 193944.

NDQW: Dudley W. Knox, ed., Naval Doc.u.ments Related to the Quasi-War Between the United States and France. Vols. 1-7. Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1935-37.

NYPL: New York Public Library PRO: Public Records Office (Admiralty Records, Kew, England) RIHS: Rhode Island Historical Society.

RMP: Robert Morris Papers.

UVL: University of Virginia Library.

CHAPTER ONE: OUT OF IRELAND.

1 Van Powell, The American Navies of the Revolutinary War, 102.

2 Chappelle, The History of the American Sailing Navy, 89, 91.

3 Paullin, Out-Letters, vol. II, 109-110.

4 Wilbur, Pirates and Patriots of the Revolution, 75.

5 Pennsylvania Archives: Pennsylvania Collection (Miscellaneous), John Kessler Papers, "Rough Sketch of the Life of Commodore Barry," 2, 3.

6 Ibid., 3.

7 Ibid.

8 Ibid.

9 Ibid., 3, 4.

10 Ibid., 4.

11 Commodore Edward Preble, quoted in Gurn, Commodore John Barry, 296.

12 Ranelagh, Ireland, 109-112.

13 MacMa.n.u.s, The Story of the Irish Race, 441.

14 Ibid., 456-461, quotations on 461.

15 Montesquieu, quoted in ibid., 455.

16 Rafferty, "The Barry Hayes Papers."

17 Fraser, Statistical Survey of the County of Wexford, 12, 15, 7.

18 The Barry Family Bible, now at the U.S. Naval Academy, lists these as the names of Barry's parents, although there is still debate as to their accuracy.

19 Griffiths, ed., Chronicles of the County Wexford to the Year 1777, 141.

20 James, Ireland in the Empire, 212.

21 Several places in County Wexford claim to be the place of Barry's birth. There is a church in Rossiter with a record of births that list a "John Barry 1739" with a pencil mark placed there years ago. Celestine Rafferty, Senior Librarian of County Wexford, has done extensive work on the Barry family tree and believes he was born near Roostontown; given the date the family has entered in their bible, his birth date on his grave, and the date given in John Kessler's Portfolio magazine article (with Sarah Barry as his source) she believes (as does this author) that the date is 1745, and near Roostontown. The date, April 12, comes from the Julian calendar, in use in the British Empire until 1752. Converted to the Gregorian calendar, that date is April 23.

22 Independence Seaport Museum (ISM), Barry-Hayes Papers, Anstis Doyle to John Barry, March 20, 1794.

23 Ranelagh, Ireland, 119.

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid.; James, Ireland in the Empire, 235; Lecky, A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, 90-91, 158-161.

26 MacMa.n.u.s, The Story of the Irish Race, 425.

27 Griffiths, Chronicles of the County Wexford, 259.

28 James, Ireland in the Empire, 201-202; ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, John Barry Collection: Nicholas Barry to John Barry, 1785.

29 Lecky, History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, 151.

30 Conversation with Celestine Rafferty, Senior Librarian of Wexford County Council.

31 MacMa.n.u.s, Story of the Irish Race, 473.

32 Correspondence between Celestine Rafferty, George Willc.o.x, and one Mrs. Willett from Wexford County, 2003; Clark, Gallant John Barry, Appendix, Barry Family Tree; 4.

33 Ibid. Griffiths, Chronicles of the County Wexford, 20-21.

34 Fraser, ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers Overview; Clark, Gallant John Barry, Appendix, Barry Family Tree.

35 James, Ireland in the Empire; ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Nicholas Barry to John Barry, May 1785; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 4.

36 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 5.

37 Lecky, History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, 43, 71.

38 JBP, Barry to James Corish, January 2, 1792.

39 Ibid., William Kearney to John Barry (no date).

40 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers; Nicholas Barry to John Barry, May 1785; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 5.

41 Brown and Kessler, "Commodore John Barry."

42 Crawford, ed., The Autobiography of a Yankee Mariner, 14.

43 Wilbur, Pirates and Patriots of the Revolution, 17.

44 Ibid., 17.

45 Thomas, John Paul Jones, 19.

46 Wilbur, Pirates and Patriots of the Revolution, 39.

47 Ibid., 77.

48 Ibid., 50.

49 King with Hattendorf and Estes, A Sea of Words, 187.

50 Ibid., 394.

51 Wilbur, Pirates and Patriots of the Revolution. 54.

52 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 5.

53 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, letters from Nicholas Barry and Eleanor Howlin to John Barry.

54 The portrait of John Barry by Gilbert Stuart, completed around 1800, depicts these features (current owner anonymous).

55 Watson, Annals, vol. 1, 259.

56 Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 12.

57 Kessler, "Rough Sketch," 1.

58 Tyler, The Bay and River Delaware, 15.

59 Engle and Lott, America's Maritime Heritage, 38.

60 Ca.r.s.e, Ports of Call, 197.

61 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Penn Papers.

62 Interview with William Ward, Director of Education, Independence Seaport Museum, April 2004.

63 Nash, First City, 54.

64 Ibid., 62.

65 Craig, "Grounds for Debate," 168.

66 Watson, Annals, vol. 1, 265.

67 Engle and Lott, America's Maritime Heritage, 38.

68 Christ Church Records, 1760.

69 McCullough, John Adams, 83.

70 Nash, First City, 70.

71 William Ward, Director of Education at Philadelphia's Independence Seaport Museum, took this author on a walking tour of Old Philadelphia, pointing out the location of this tannery along the way. His tour was a wonderful complement to Watson's Annals and other sources.

72 Tyler, The Bay and River Delaware, 14-15.

73 Brown and Kessler, "Commodore John Barry," 4.

74 Craig, "Grounds for Debate," 150.

75 Brown and Kessler, "Life of Commodore Barry," 4.

76 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 6.

77 Cooper, "Sketches of Naval Men."

78 Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 20.

79 Pennsylvania Gazette, September 12, 1754; December 4, 1760; November 4, 1762.

80 Pennsylvania Gazette, September 12, 1754.

81 HSP, Cadwalader Collection: Tonnage Records 1765-1775, Philadelphia Customs House.

82 Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 100.