How to Collect a Doctor Bill Part 6

There is exempt from judicial sale to every family, whether owned by the husband or wife, a homestead, not exceeding in value two thousand dollars, consisting of dwelling-house in which claimant resides, and its appurtenances, and land on which same is situated not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres, or if within an incorporated city or village a quant.i.ty of contiguous land not exceeding two lots. Or in case debtor has no lands, there is exempt from execution five hundred dollars in personal property. If t.i.tle to homestead is in wife it is exempt, and in such cases the head of the family is not ent.i.tled to exemption of five hundred dollars in personality. Nor is he if his t.i.tle is simply a contract for sale. The clothing of the family, family supplies for six months, supplies for domestic animals for three months, furniture, family Bible and picture books, cooking utensils, certain domestic animals, tools, implements of trade, etc., are exempt; also sixty days wages to any laboring man, clerk, etc., who is the head of a family; provided that there is no exemption from attachment or execution for wages due to any clerk, laborer or mechanic. All pension money of United States soldiers and sailors, and property purchased and improved thereby, is exempt. The phrase "head of a family," as used in this chapter includes within its meaning: 1. The husband, when the claimant is a married person. 2d. Every person who has resided on the premises with him or her, and under his care and maintenance, either: 1st. His or her minor child, or the minor child of his or her deceased wife or husband. 2d. A minor brother or sister, or the minor child of a deceased brother or sister. 3d. A father, mother, grandfather, or grandmother.

4th. The father or mother, grandfather or grandmother of a deceased husband or wife. 5th. An unmarried sister, or any other of the relatives mentioned in this section who have attained the age of majority and are unable to take care of or support themselves.

NEVADA.

The following property is exempt from execution except upon a judgment for the purchase-money or upon a mortgage thereon: Chairs, tables, desks, and books to the value of one hundred dollars; necessary household and kitchen furniture, wearing apparel, etc., and provisions and fire-wood actually provided sufficient for one month, farming utensils, or implements of husbandry, and seed provided for planting within the ensuing six months, not exceeding in value two hundred dollars; two horses, two oxen, or two mules, and two cows and food for one month for such animals, and one cart or wagon; the tools of a mechanic necessary to his trade; the instruments and libraries of a surgeon, physician, surveyor, or dentist; the professional library of an attorney and counsellor, or minister of the gospel; the dwelling of a miner not exceeding in value five hundred dollars, also his tools and appliances necessary to carry on his mining operations, not exceeding in value five hundred dollars; and two horses, two oxen, or two mules, and their harness and one cart or wagon, by the use of which a teamster or laborer habitually earns his living; one horse harness, and vehicle, of a physician or surgeon, or minister of the gospel, and food for such animal for one month. For every livery stable keeper, two horses or mules, with vehicle and harness, provided the whole shall not exceed in value five hundred dollars; one sewing-machine in actual use in the debtor's family, not exceeding in value one hundred and fifty dollars; all fire engines and property of fire companies; all arms, etc., required by law to be kept by any person; a homestead to be selected by the husband or wife, or other head of a family, not exceeding in value five thousand dollars; the earnings of the debtor not exceeding fifty dollars for his personal services for the calendar month during, or immediately preceding, that in which process has been issued, where such earnings are necessary for the use of a family supported wholly or partly by the labor of the debtor.

NEW HAMPs.h.i.+RE.

The following goods and property are exempt from attachment, and from liability to be taken upon execution: Necessary wearing apparel of the debtor and his family; household furniture to the value of one hundred dollars; one cooking-stove and its furniture; one sewing-machine; Bibles and school books in actual use; library to the value of two hundred dollars; one cow, six sheep and their fleeces, one hog, one pig, and the pork of same when slaughtered; domestic fowls, not exceeding in value fifty dollars; four tons of hay; provisions and fuel to the value of fifty dollars; tools of his occupation to the value of one hundred dollars; beasts of the plow, not exceeding a yoke of oxen or a horse; the uniform, arms, and equipments of every officer or private in the militia; the debtor's interest in one pew in any meeting house, and in one lot in any cemetery. Damages recovered for conversion of property exempt are also exempt. The wife, widow, and children of any person who is the owner of a homestead, or any interest therein, are ent.i.tled to so much thereof as does not exceed in value five hundred dollars as against creditors, grantees, or heirs of such person during the life of the wife or widow and minority of the children. A homestead of the value of five hundred dollars is also exempt to an unmarried person owning the same.

(P. S. ch. 138.)

NEW JERSEY.

All goods and chattels, not exceeding in value the sum of two hundred dollars exclusive of wearing apparel, and all wearing apparel the property of any debtor having a family residing in this State, are exempt from seizure by virtue of execution or other civil process except for the purchase money. (Gen. Statutes, p. 1421.) In addition thereto, by conforming to the provisions of the homestead exemption act, the lot and buildings thereon occupied as a residence and owned by the debtor, being a householder and having a family, to the value of one thousand dollars, may be exempted from sale or execution for debt. (Gen.

Statutes, pp. 2297-2298.)

NEW MEXICO.

Every person who has a family may hold the following property exempt from execution, attachment, or sale: The wearing apparel of such person or family; the beds, bedsteads, and bedding necessary for the use of the same; one cooking-stove and pipe; one stove and pipe used for warming the dwelling; fuel sufficient for sixty days; one cow, or if the debtor owns no cow, household furniture not exceeding forty dollars in value; two swine or the pork therefrom, or, if the debtor owns no swine, household furniture not exceeding fifteen dollars in value; six sheep, the wool shorn from them and the cloth or other articles manufactured therefrom, or, in lieu thereof, household furniture not exceeding twenty dollars in value; sufficient food for such animals for sixty days; Bibles, hymn-books, psalm-books, testaments, school and miscellaneous books used in the family, and all family pictures; provisions provided and designed for the use of such person or family; not exceeding fifty dollars in value; and such other articles of household and kitchen furniture, or either, necessary for such person or family, not exceeding two hundred dollars in value; one sewing-machine, one knitting-machine, one gun or pistol, and the tools or implements of debtor necessary for carrying on his trade or business, not exceeding one hundred and fifty dollars in value; the personal earnings of debtor for sixty days next preceding his application for such exemption, when necessary for the support of such debtor or his family; all articles, specimens in cabinets of natural history or science, except such as may be intended for exhibition for pecuniary gain; if engaged in agriculture; two horses or one yoke of cattle, with the necessary gearing for the same, and one wagon; if a doctor, one horse, one saddle and bridle, professional books, medicines and instruments not exceeding one hundred dollars in value; if a lawyer professional books not exceeding five hundred dollars in value; every person engaged in the business of draying, or carrying property from place to place with one horse and wagon, shall hold one horse, harness, dray, or wagon also exempt from execution. Every unmarried woman may hold exempt from execution, etc., wearing apparel not exceeding in value one hundred and fifty dollars; one sewing-machine, one knitting-machine; if engaged in teaching music, one piano or organ; a Bible, hymn-book, psalm-book, alb.u.m, and any other books not exceeding in value fifty dollar; any beneficiary fund, not exceeding five thousand dollars, set apart or paid by any benevolent a.s.sociation to a family of a deceased member, or to any member of such family, shall not be liable for the debts of such deceased member.

Husband and wife, widow or widower, living with an unmarried daughter, or unmarried minor son, may hold exempt from sale or judgment of a family homestead not exceeding one thousand dollars in value. Any head of a family not the owner of a homestead may hold exempt from levy and sale real or personal property not exceeding five hundred dollars in value in addition to the chattel property otherwise by law exempted.

NEW YORK.

Necessary household furniture, working tools and team, professional instruments, furniture and library (not exceeding in value two hundred and fifty dollars); groceries actually provided for family use, and ninety days necessary food for team, in addition to certain other specified articles, when owned by householder, are exempt from levy and sale under execution. A private burying-ground not exceeding one-quarter of an acre, is also exempt. Insurance money, etc., paid or to be paid to a member, or the widow of a member of a life or casualty corporation doing business upon the co-operative or a.s.sessment plan, cannot be reached for any debt or liability incurred before such money, etc., was paid. The lot and buildings, not exceeding one thousand dollars in value, owned and occupied by a householder having a family are exempted, if designated and recorded as homestead property in the office of the clerk of the county where it is situated. Such exemption continues after the owner's death for the benefit of the widow and family, so long as any of them continue to occupy such homestead, until the death of the widow and the majority of the youngest child. A married woman is ent.i.tled to the same homestead as a householder having a family.

NORTH CAROLINA.

Personal property to the value of five hundred dollars, to be selected by any resident of the State, is exempt from execution; and also a homestead, and the dwelling and building, not exceeding one thousand dollars, to be selected by the owner thereof; or, in lieu thereof, any lot in a city, town, or village, with the dwelling and buildings used thereon, owned and occupied by any resident of the State, not exceeding the value of one thousand dollars.

NORTH DAKOTA.

The following property is absolutely exempt to the head of a family from attachment or mesne process, and from levy and sale on execution, and from any other final process issued from any court: All family pictures; a pew or other sitting in any house of wors.h.i.+p; a lot or lots in any burial-ground; the family Bible, and all school books used by the family, and other books used as a part of the family library, not exceeding in value one hundred dollars; all wearing apparel of the debtor and his family; the provisions for the debtor and his family necessary for one year's supply either provided or growing, or both, and fuel necessary for one year; the homestead, as defined, created, and limited by law. In addition to the above mentioned property, the head of a family may, by himself or his agent, select from all other of his personal property, not absolutely exempt, goods, chattels, merchandise, money, or other personal property, not to exceed in the aggregate one thousand dollars in value, which is also exempt. The library and instruments of any professional person, not exceeding six hundred dollars in value.

OHIO.

Every unmarried woman may hold the following property exempt from execution, attachment, or sale, to satisfy any judgment, decree, or debt, to wit: 1st. Wearing apparel, not exceeding one hundred dollars in value. 2d. One sewing-machine. 3d. One knitting-machine. 4th. Bible, etc., and other books not exceeding in value twenty-five dollars. Every person who has a family, and every widow, can hold exempt from execution, attachment, or sale from any debt, damage, fine, or amercment: 1st. Wearing apparel of such person or family necessary beds, etc., two stoves, and fuel for sixty days. 2d. Certain domestic animals, and their feed for sixty days, or, in lieu of such as the debtor has not, household furniture of equal value, amounting, in the aggregate to sixty-five dollars. 3d. Family books and pictures. 4th. Provisions to the amount of fifty dollars, and other necessary household furniture to the amount of fifty dollars. 5th. One sewing-machine, one knitting-machine, the tools and implements of debtor necessary for carrying on his or her trade or business, whether mechanical or agricultural, to the amount of one hundred dollars 6th. The personal earnings of debtor or minor child for three months previous to the issuing of the attachment or rendition of judgment, when necessary for support of debtor or his or her family. 7th. All animal, vegetable, or mineral specimens of natural history or science not kept for pecuniary gain. In addition to the above, the debtor, if a drayman, can hold one horse, harness, and dray; if a farmer one horse or one yoke of cattle, with necessary gearing for same, and one wagon; if a physician, one horse, one saddle and bridle, and professional books, medicine and instruments, not exceeding one hundred dollars in value. Husband and wife living together, a widower living with an unmarried daughter or minor son, every widow, and every unmarried female having in good faith the care, maintenance and custody, of any minor child or children of a deceased relation, residents of Ohio, and not the owner of a homestead, may hold other real or personal property, to be selected by such person, his agent or attorney, not exceeding five hundred dollars in value, in addition to the amount of chattel property otherwise by law exempted, provided that such selection shall not be made as to wages due to the extent of more than ninety per cent, of such wages as against claims for necessaries.

A homestead, not exceeding one thousand dollars in value, which shall remain exempt from sale on execution and exempt from sale under any order of the court so long as the widow, if she remain unmarried, or any unmarried minor child, resides thereon. Husband and wife living together, a widow or widower living with an unmarried daughter or unmarried minor son, may hold exempt a family homestead not exceeding one thousand dollars in value.

OKLAHOMA.

The exemptions of the head of a family residing in the State are: 1st.

The homestead of the family. 2d. All household and kitchen furniture.

3d. Any lot or lots in a cemetery held for the purpose of sepulture.

4th. All implements of husbandry used upon the farm. 5th. All tools, apparatus and books belonging to and used in any trade or profession.

6th. The family library and all family portraits and pictures and wearing apparel. 7th. Five milk cows and their calves under six months old. 8th. One yoke of work oxen, with necessary yokes and chains. 9th.

Two horses or two mules, and one wagon, cart, or dray. 10th. One carriage or buggy, 11th. One gun. 12th. Ten hogs. 13th. Twenty head of sheep. 14th. All saddles, bridles, and harness necessary for the use of the family. 15th. All provisions and forage on hand and growing for home consumption, and for use of exempt stock for one year. 16th. All current wages and earnings for personal or professional services earned within the last ninety days.

The homestead of any family in the State within any city, town, or village consists of not exceeding an acre of land to be selected by owner, owned and occupied as a residence only, but not exceeding in value five thousand dollars, but in no event shall the homestead be reduced to less than a quarter of an acre regardless of value. If the homestead is used for both residence and business purposes, the homestead interest shall not exceed in value five thousand dollars, and nothing in the laws of the United States or treaties with Indian tribes deprives an Indian or other allottee of the benefit of the homestead and exemption laws of the State.

The exemptions reserved to a person not the head of a family are as follows: 1st. A lot or lots in a cemetery held for the purpose of sepulture. 2d. All wearing apparel. 3d. All tools, apparatus and books belonging to any trade or profession. 4th. One horse, bridle, and saddle, or one yoke of oxen. 5th. Current wages for personal services.

OREGON.

The following property shall be exempt from execution, if selected and reserved by the judgment debtor or his agent at the time of levy, or as soon thereafter before sale as the same shall be known to him, and not otherwise. Books, pictures and musical instruments owned by any person, to the value of seventy-five dollars; necessary wearing apparel owned by any person, to the value of one hundred dollars, and, if such person be a householder, to each member of his family to the value of fifty dollars; the tools, implements, apparatus, team, vehicle, harness, or library necessary to enable any person to carry on the trade, occupation, or profession by which such person habitually earns his living, to the value of four hundred dollars; also sufficient quant.i.ty of food to support such team, if any, for sixty days. The word "team,"

in this subdivision, shall not be construed to mean more than one yoke of oxen, or pair of horses or mules, as the case may be. Homesteads the actual abode of, and owned by, a family or some member thereof are exempt from execution.

The following property (is exempt), if owned by a householder and in actual use, by and for his family, or when being removed from one habitation to another on a change of residence: Ten sheep, with one year's fleece, or the yarn or cloth manufactured there from, two cows, and five swine, household goods, furniture, and utensils, to the value of three hundred dollars; also, food sufficient to support such animals if any, for three months, and provisions actually provided for family use, and necessary for the support of such householder and family for six months; the seat or pew occupied by a householder, or his family, in a place of public wors.h.i.+p; burial lots. Earnings or wages to the extent of seventy-five dollars in thirty days, are exempt if necessary to support family. One gun and one revolver exempt to every white male citizen over sixteen years of age.

PENNSYLVANIA.

The law exempts from execution property, either real or personal, to the amount of three hundred dollars, in addition to wearing apparel, Bibles, and school books, if claimed by the debtor; the privilege is personal and may be waived at any time. The widow or children of any decedent are ent.i.tled to the same amount from his estate for her or their use. All sewing-machines belonging to private families are exempt. Non-residents of the State are not ent.i.tled to the exemption laws.

RHODE ISLAND.

The following are exempt from attachment and execution: The necessary wearing apparel of a debtor and his family, his necessary working tools, not exceeding two hundred dollars in value; and the professional library of any professional man in actual practice; his household furniture and family stores, if a housekeeper, not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; one cow and one and one-half tons of hay, of a housekeeper; one hog and one pig, and the pork of the same, of a housekeeper; arms, equipments, etc., of a militiaman, and of any person which are kept for use and not for sale; one pew in church; a burial lot; wages due or accruing to any seaman; debts secured by bills of exchange or negotiable promissory notes: and ten dollars due as the wages of labor except when action is for necessaries furnished to defendant; the salary and wages of the wife and minor children of any debtor; and such other property, real or personal, as is or shall be exempt from attachment and execution, either permanently or temporarily, by general or special acts, charters of incorporation, or by the policy of the law.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

Homesteads in lands, whether held in fee or any lesser estate, to the value of one thousand dollars, or so much thereof as the property is worth if its value is less than one thousand dollars, with the yearly products thereof, and to every head of a family residing in this State, whether ent.i.tled to a homestead exemption in lands or not, personal property to the value of five hundred dollars, or so much thereof as the property is worth if its value is less than five hundred dollars.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

The following property is absolutely exempt from attachment or mesne process, and from levy and sale on execution, and from any other final process issued by any court: All family pictures; a pew or other sitting in any house of wors.h.i.+p; a lot or lots in any burial ground; the family Bible, and all school books used by the family, and all other books used as a part of the family library not exceeding in value two hundred dollars; all wearing apparel of the debtor and his family; the provisions for the debtor and his family necessary for one year's supply, either provided or growing, or both, and fuel necessary for one year; the homestead as defined, created, and limited by law. In addition to the above-mentioned property, the debtor, if the head of a family, may, by himself or his agent, select from all other of his personal property, not to exceed in the aggregate seven hundred and fifty dollars in value, and if a single person, not the head of a family, three hundred dollars in value, which is also exempt.

Instead of the seven hundred and fifty dollars exemption, the debtor, if the head of a family, may select and choose the following property, which shall be exempt, namely: All miscellaneous books and musical instruments for the use of the family, not exceeding two hundred dollars in value; all household and kitchen furniture, including beds, bedsteads and bedding, used by the debtor and his family, not exceeding two hundred dollars in value; and in case the debtor shall own more than two hundred dollars' worth of such property, he must select therefrom such articles to the value of two hundred dollars, leaving the remainder subject to legal process; two cows, five swine, two yokes of oxen or one span of horses or mules, twenty-five sheep and their lambs under six months old, and all wool of the same, and all cloth or yarn manufactured therefrom, the necessary food for the animals hereinbefore mentioned for one year, either provided or growing or both, as the debtor may choose; also one wagon, one sleigh, two plows, one harrow, and farming machinery and utensils, including tackle for team, not exceeding twelve hundred and fifty dollars in value; the tools and implements of any mechanic, whether a minor or of age, used and kept for the purpose of carrying on his trade or business, and, in addition thereto, stock in trade not exceeding two hundred dollars in value; the avails of life insurance policies issued payable to the order, a.s.signees, or estate of the insured, and not a.s.signed, are to the extent of five thousand dollars, absolutely exempt to the surviving husband, or wife or minor children of the insured, free from all claim of creditors of the insured.

The homestead of the head of every family resident in this State, whether owned by the husband or wife, so long as it remains a homestead, is absolutely exempt, except for taxes and debts contracted for the purchase thereof. If within a town plat it must not exceed one acre in extent, and if not within a town plat it must not embrace in the aggregate more than one hundred and sixty acres, with the house and buildings appurtenant thereon; and is limited to five thousand dollars in value. (C. C. P. Sec. 345.) If the homestead is claimed upon land, the t.i.tle or right of possession to which was acquired or is claimed under the laws of the United States relating to mineral lands, the area of the homestead, if within a town plat, must not exceed one acre, and if without a town plat, must not exceed forty acres. If the t.i.tle to the homestead has been acquired as a placer claim but has been acquired under the laws of Congress as a lode mining claim, the area of the homestead must not exceed forty acres. (L. 1909, ch. 136.) Such exemption continues after the debtor's death, for the benefit of the surviving husband or wife and children; and if both husband and wife be dead, until the youngest child becomes of age. (Prob. C. Sec. 153.) It is very doubtful, however, in view of the provisions of the State Const.i.tution, if the t.i.tle of the homestead can be in the wife, unless the husband is for some reason incapacitated.

TENNESSEE.

Thirty-six dollars of the wages, salary, or income of any person drawing forty dollars or less per month shall be exempt from legal process at date of service of process.