The Paleo Solution Part 17

a.s.sociation of sleep duration with mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes for j.a.panese men and women: the JACC study. Ikehara S, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, Watanabe Y, Wada Y, Inaba Y, Tamakos.h.i.+ A Sleep. 2009 Mar 1;32(3):295-301.

Exercise Chapter Nine: Ancestral Fitness.

Exercise in the fasted state facilitates fibre type-specific intramyocellular lipid breakdown and stimulates glycogen resynthesis in humans. K De Bock,1 EA Richter,2 AP Russell,3 BO Eijnde,1 W Derave,1 M Ramaekers,1 E Koninckx,1 B Leger,3 J Verhaeghe,4 and P Hespel1. J Physiol. 2005 April 15; 564(Pt 2): 649660. Published online 2005 February 10. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.083170.

Evolutionary aspects of exercise. Cordain L, Gotshall RW, Eaton SB. Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1997;81:49-60.

Physical activity, energy expenditure and fitness: an evolutionary perspective. Cordain, L., Gotshall, R.W. and Eaton, S.B. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1998; 19:328-335.

Exercise type and intensity in relation to coronary heart disease in men. Tanasescu M, Leitzmann MF, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. JAMA. 2002 Oct 23-30;288(16):1994-2000.

Lack of adequate appreciation of physical exercise's complexities can pre-empt appropriate design and interpretation in scientific discovery. Booth FW, Laye MJ. J Physiol. 2009 Dec 1;587(Pt 23):5527-39. Epub 2009 Sep 1.

Reduced physical activity and risk of chronic disease: the biology behind the consequences. Booth FW, Laye MJ, Lees SJ, Rector RS, Thyfault JP. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Mar;102(4):381-90. Epub 2007 Nov 7.

Exercise and gene expression: physiological regulation of the human genome through physical activity. Booth FW, Chakravarthy MV, Spangenburg EE. J Physiol. 2002 Sep 1;543(Pt 2):399-411.

Waging war on modern chronic diseases: primary prevention through exercise biology. Booth FW, Gordon SE, Carlson CJ, Hamilton MT. J Appl Physiol. 2000 Feb;88(2):774-87.

Intramuscular triacylglycerol, glycogen and acetyl group metabolism during 4 h of moderate exercise in man. Watt MJ, Heigenhauser GJ, Dyck DJ, Spriet LL. J Physiol. 2002 Jun 15;541(Pt 3):969-78.

Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJ, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. J Appl Physiol. 2005 Jun;98(6):1985-90. Epub 2005 Feb 10.

Evolutionary aspects of exercise. Cordain, L., Gotshall, R.W., Eaton, S.B. World Rev Nutr Diet 1997; 81:49-60.

Energy deficit after exercise augments lipid mobilization but does not contribute to the exercise-induced increase in insulin sensitivity. Newsom SA, Schenk S, Thomas KM, Harber MP, Knuth ND, Goldenberg N, Horowitz JF. J Appl Physiol. 2010 Mar;108(3):554-60. Epub 2009 Dec 31.

Timing protein intake increases energy expenditure 24 h after resistance training. Hackney KJ, Bruenger AJ, Lemmer JT. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 May;42(5):998-1003.

Fundamental questions about genes, inactivity, and chronic diseases. Booth FW, Lees SJ. Physiol Genomics. 2007 Jan 17;28(2):146-57. Epub 2006 Oct 10.

Influence of dietary carbohydrate intake on the free testosterone: cortisol ratio responses to short-term intensive exercise training. Lane AR, Duke JW, Hackney AC. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Apr;108(6):1125-31. Epub 2009 Dec 20.

Control of gene expression in adult skeletal muscle by changes in the inherent level of contractile activity. Booth FW, Kirby CR. Biochem Soc Trans. 1991 Apr;19(2):374-8.

Metabolic signatures of exercise in human plasma. Lewis GD, Farrell L, Wood MJ, Martinovic M, Arany Z, Rowe GC, Souza A, Cheng S, McCabe EL,Yang E, s.h.i.+ X, Deo R, Roth FP, Asnani A, Rhee EP, Systrom DM, Semigran MJ, Vasan RS, Carr SA, w.a.n.g TJ, Sabatine MS, Clish CB, Gerszten RE. Sci Transl Med. 2010 May 26;2(33):33ra37.

A moderate serving of high-quality protein maximally stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in young and elderly subjects. Symons TB, Sheffield-Moore M, Wolfe RR, Paddon-Jones D. J Am Diet a.s.soc. 2009 Sep;109(9):1582-6.

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise. HENRIETTE PILEGAARD, GEORGE A. ORDWAY, BENGT SALTIN, AND P. DARRELL NEUFER3. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279: E806 E814, 2000.

Promoting training adaptations through nutritional interventions. JOHN A. HAWLEY1, KEVIN D. TIPTON2, & MINDY L. MILLARD-STAFFORD3. Journal of Sports Sciences, July 2006; 24(7): 709 721.

Resistance Training Reduces Fasted- and Fed-State Leucine Turnover and Increases Dietary Nitrogen Retention in Previously. Untrained Young Men. Daniel R. Moore,2,3 Nicole C. Del Bel,2,3 Kevin I. Nizi,2,3 Joseph W. Hartman,3 Jason E. Tang,3 David Armstrong,4 and Stuart M. Phillips3* The Journal of Nutrition.

Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and VO2max. Tabata I, Nis.h.i.+mura K, Kouzaki M, Hirai Y, Ogita F, Miyachi M, Yamamoto K. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Oct;28(10):1327-30.

Implementation Chapter Ten: Implementing the Paleo Solution: It's Easy, Really Realigning our 21st century diet and lifestyle with our hunter-gatherer genetic ident.i.ty. Abuissa H, O'Keefe JH, Cordain, L. Directions Psych 2005;25: SR1-SR10.

Origins and evolution of the western diet: Health implications for the 21st century. Loren Cordain, S. Boyd Eaton, Anthony Sebastian, Neil Mann, Staffan Lindeberg, Bruce A. Watkins, James H. O'Keefe, Janette Brand Miller. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:341-54.

Cardiovascular disease resulting from a diet and lifestyle at odds with our Paleolithic genome: how to become a 21st-century hunter-gatherer. O'Keefe JH Jr, Cordain L. Mayo Clin Proc 2004 Jan;79(1):101-8.

Biological and clinical potential of a Paleolithic diet. Lindeberg S, Cordain L, and Eaton SB. J Nutri Environ Med 2003; 13(3):149-160.

The paradoxical nature of hunter-gatherer diets: Meat based, yet non-atherogenic. Cordain L, Eaton SB, Brand Miller J, Mann N, Hill K. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56 (suppl 1):S42-S52.

The nutritional characteristics of a contemporary diet based upon Paleolithic food groups. Cordain L. J Am Nutraceut a.s.soc 2002; 5:15-24.

Fatty acid composition and energy density of foods available to African hominids: evolutionary implications for human brain development. Cordain L, Watkins BA, Mann NJ. World Rev Nutr Diet 2001, 90:144-161.

An evolutionary foundation for health promotion. Eaton SB, Cordain L, Eaton SB. World Rev Nutr Diet 2001; 90:5-12.

Plant to animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in world wide hunter-gatherer diets. Cordain L, Brand Miller J, Eaton SB, Mann N, Holt SHA, Speth JD. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:682-92.

Increased meal frequency does not promote greater weight loss in subjects who were prescribed an 8-week equi-energetic energy-restricted diet. Cameron JD, Cyr MJ, Doucet E. Br J Nutr. 2010 Apr;103(8):1098-101. Epub 2009 Nov 30.

A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in gra.s.s-fed and grain-fed beef. Daley CA, Abbott A, Doyle PS, Nader GA, Larson S. Nutr J. 2010 Mar 10;9:10.

Carbohydrate restriction as the default treatment for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Feinman RD, Volek JS. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2008 Aug;42(4):256-63.

Chapter Eleven: Tracking Your Progress.

Coronary artery disease prognosis and C-reactive protein levels improve in proportion to percent lowering of low-density lipoprotein. O'Keefe JH Jr, Cordain L, Jones PG, Abuissa H. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Jul 1;98(1):135-9. Epub 2006 May 9.

Optimal low-density lipoprotein is 50 to 70 mg/dl: lower is better and physiologically normal. O'Keefe JH Jr, Cordain L, Harris WH, Moe RM, Vogel R. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Jun 2;43(11):2142-6.

Effects of a short-term intervention with a paleolithic diet in healthy volunteers. Osterdahl M, Kocturk T, Koochek A, Wandell PE. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;62(5):682-5. Epub 2007 May 16.

Obesity, waist-hip ratio and hunter-gatherers. Wood LE. BJOG. 2006 Oct;113(10):1110-6.

Said another way: stroke, evolution, and the rainforests: an ancient approach to modern health care. Collins C. Nurs Forum. 2007 Jan-Mar;42(1):39-44.

Hypertension, the Kuna, and the epidemiology of flavanols. McCullough ML, Chevaux K, Jackson L, Preston M, Martinez G, Schmitz HH, Coletti C, Campos H, Hollenberg NK. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S103-9; discussion 119-21.

Cardiovascular disease resulting from a diet and lifestyle at odds with our Paleolithic genome: how to become a 21st-century hunter-gatherer. O'Keefe JH Jr, Cordain L. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Jan;79(1):101-8.

Optimal low-density lipoprotein is 50 to 70 mg/dl. Lower is better and physiologically normal. O'Keefe JH, Cordain L, Harris, WH, Moe RM, Vogel R. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43: 2142-6.

Determinants of serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in traditional Trobriand Islanders: the Kitava Study. Lindeberg S, Ahren B, Nilsson A, Cordain L, Nilsson-Ehle P, Vessby B. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2003; 63: 175-180.

Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults. Selvin E, Steffes MW, Zhu H, Matsus.h.i.+ta K, Wagenknecht L, Pankow J, Coresh J, Brancati FL. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):800-11.

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Polymorphism (TaqIB) a.s.sociates With Risk in Postinfarction Patients With High C-Reactive Protein and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels. Corsetti JP, Ryan D, Rainwater DL, Moss AJ, Zareba W, Sparks CE. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Aug;30(8):1657-64. Epub 2010 May 20.

Chapter Twelve: Thirty-Day Meal Plan.

The New Vitamin D What's Putting Fresh Emphasis on Lab Measurements? By Gina Rollins. December 2007 Clinical Laboratory News: The New Vitamin D. December 2007: Volume 33, Number 12.

Can Vitamin D Reduce Total Mortality? Edward Giovannucci, MD, ScD. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(16):1709-1710.

Vitamin D supplementation. Bruce Eveleigh, MD. Can Fam Physician. Vol. 53, No. 9, September 2007, p.1435. Copyright 2007 by The College of Family Physicians of Canada.

THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN D (CHOLECALCIFEROL): A PARADIGM s.h.i.+FT WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR ALL HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS. Alex Vasquez, Gilbert Manso, , John Cannell, Alternative Therapies, Sept/Oct 2004. VOL. 10.NO. 5.

Scaling of the Mammalian Brain: the Maternal Energy Hypothesis. RD Martin. News Physiol Sci 11: 149-156, 1996;1548-9213/96.

Vitamin D status and its relation to muscle ma.s.s and muscle fat in young women. Gilsanz V, Kremer A, Mo AO, Wren TA, Kremer R. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1595-601. Epub 2010 Feb 17.

Vitamin D decreases respiratory syncytial virus induction of NF-kappaB-linked chemokines and cytokines in airway epithelium while maintaining the antiviral state. Hansdottir S, Monick MM, Lovan N, Powers L, Gerke A, Hunninghake GW. J Immunol. 2010 Jan 15;184(2):965-74. Epub 2009 Dec 11.

Regulation of bile acid synthesis by fat-soluble vitamins A and D. Schmidt DR, Holmstrom SR, Fon Tacer K, Bookout AL, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ. Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Inst.i.tute, University of Texas. J Biol Chem. 2010 May 7;285(19):14486-94. Epub 2010 Mar 16.

Levels of vitamin D and cardiometabolic disorders: systematic review and meta-a.n.a.lysis. Parker J, Hashmi O, Dutton D, Mavrodaris A, Stranges S, Kandala NB, Clarke A, Franco OH. Maturitas. 2010 Mar;65(3):225-36. Epub 2009 Dec 23.

Autism and vitamin D. Cannell JJ. Med Hypotheses. 2008;70(4):750-9. Epub 2007 Oct 24.

Supplementation with an algae source of docosahexaenoic acid increases (n-3) fatty acid status and alters selected risk factors for heart disease in vegetarian subjects. Conquer JA, Holub BJ. J Nutr. 1996 Dec;126(12):3032-9.

Reactive oxygen species enhance insulin sensitivity. Loh K, Deng H, f.u.kus.h.i.+ma A, Cai X, Boivin B, Galic S, Bruce C, s.h.i.+elds BJ, Skiba B, Ooms LM,Stepto N, Wu B, Mitch.e.l.l CA, Tonks NK, Watt MJ, Febbraio MA, Crack PJ, Andrikopoulos S,Tiganis T. Cell Metab. 2009 Oct;10(4):260-72.

Probiotics improve high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by increasing hepatic NKT cells. Ma X, Hua J, Li Z. J Hepatol. 2008 Nov;49(5):821-30. Epub 2008 Jun 30.

Multivitamin use and risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative cohorts. Neuhouser ML, Wa.s.sertheil-Smoller S, Thomson C, Aragaki A, Anderson GL, Manson JE,Patterson RE, Rohan TE, van Horn L, s.h.i.+kany JM, Thomas A, LaCroix A, Prentice RL. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Feb 9;169(3):294-304.

Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Rodriguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F. Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;26(4):1147-52.

Magnesium deficiency produces insulin resistance and increased thromboxane synthesis. Nadler JL, Buchanan T, Natarajan R, Antonipillai I, Bergman R, Rude R. Hypertension. 1993 Jun;21(6 Pt 2):1024-9.

How to optimize vitamin D supplementation to prevent cancer, based on cellular adaptation and hydroxylase enzymology. Vieth R. Anticancer Res. 2009 Sep;29(9):3675-84.

High fructose consumption combined with low dietary magnesium intake may increase the incidence of the metabolic syndrome by inducing inflammation. Rayssiguier Y, Gueux E, Nowacki W, Rock E, Mazur A. Magnes Res. 2006 Dec;19(4):237-43.

Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction. Park Y, Lim J, Lee J, Kim SG. Br J Nutr. 2009 Nov;102(9):1355-61. Epub 2009 Jun 9.

Why are immigrants at increased risk for psychosis? Vitamin D insufficiency, epigenetic mechanisms, or both? Dealberto MJ. Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(2):259-67. Epub 2006 Oct 2.

Betaine in human nutrition. Craig SA. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):539-49.

Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans. Ristow M, Za.r.s.e K, Oberbach A, Kloting N, Birringer M, Kiehntopf M, Stumvoll M, Kahn CR, Bluher M. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 26;106(21):8665-70. Epub 2009 May 11.

Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy partic.i.p.ants and patients with various diseases. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD007176.

a.s.sociation of A1C levels with vitamin D status in U.S. adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Kositsawat J, Freeman VL, Gerber BS, Geraci S. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jun;33(6):1236-8. Epub 2010 Mar 9.