The Grammar of English Grammars Part 28

"Truth and conscience cannot be controled by any methods of coercion."--_Hints on Toleration_, p. xvi. "Dr. Webster noded, when he wrote 'knit, kniter, and knitingneedle' without doubling the _t_."--See _El. Spelling-Book_, 1st Ed., p. 136. "A wag should have wit enough to know when other wags are quizing him."--_G. Brown_. "Bon'y, handsome, beautiful, merry."--_Walker's Rhyming Dict._ "Coquetish, practicing coquetry; after the manner of a jilt."--_Webster's Dict._ "Potage, a species of food, made of meat and vegetables boiled to softness in water."--See _ib._ "Potager, from potage, a porringer, a small vessel for children's food."--See _ib._, and _Worcester's_. "Compromit, compromited, compromiting; manumit, manumitted, manumitting."--_Webster_. "Inferible; that may be inferred or deduced from premises."--_Red Book_, p. 228. "Acids are either solid, liquid, or gaseous."--_Gregory's Dict., art. Chemistry_. "The spark will pa.s.s through the interrupted s.p.a.ce between the two wires, and explode the gases."--_Ib._ "Do we sound _gases_ and _gaseous_ like _cases_ and _caseous?_ No: they are more like _gla.s.ses_ and _osseous_."--_G. Brown_. "I shall not need here to mention _Swiming_, when he is of an age able to learn."--_Locke, on Ed._, p. 12. "Why do lexicographers spell _thinnish_ and _mannish_ with two Ens, and _dimish_ and _ramish_ with one Em, each?"--See _Johnson_ and _Webster_. "_Gas_ forms the plural regularly, _gases_."--_O. B. Peirce's Gram._, p. 38. "Singular, Gas; Plural, Gases."--_S. W. Clark's Gram._, p. 47. "These are contractions from _sheded, bursted_."--_Hiley's Grammar_, p. 45. "The Present Tense denotes what is occuring at the present time."--_Day's Gram._, p. 36, and p. 61.

"The verb ending in _eth_ is of the solemn or antiquated style; as, he loveth, he walketh, he runeth."--_P. Davis's Gram._, p. 34.

"Thro' freedom's sons no more remonstrance rings, Degrading n.o.bles and controling kings."--_Murray's Sequel_, p. 292.

UNDER RULE IV.--NO DOUBLING.

"A bigotted and tyrannical clergy will be feared."--_Brown's Estimate_, Vol. ii, p. 78.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the final _t_ of _bigot_ is here doubled in "_bigotted_." But, according to Rule 4th, "A final consonant, when it is not preceded by a single vowel, or when the accent is not on the last syllable, should remain single before an additional syllable." Therefore, this _t_ should be single; thus, _bigoted_.]

"Jacob wors.h.i.+pped his Creator, leaning on the top of his staff."--_Key in Merchant's Gram._, p. 185. "For it is all marvelously dest.i.tute of interest."--_Merchant's Criticisms_. "As, box, boxes; church, churches; lash, lashes; kiss, kisses; rebus, rebusses."--_Murray's Gram._, 12mo, p.

42. "Gossipping and lying go hand in hand."--_Old Maxim_. "The substance of the Criticisms on the Diversions of Purley was, with singular industry, gossipped by the present precious secretary of war, in Payne the bookseller's shop."--See _Key_. "Wors.h.i.+p makes wors.h.i.+pped, wors.h.i.+pper, wors.h.i.+pping; gossip, gossipped, gossipper, gossipping; fillip, fillipped, fillipper, fillipping."--_Nixon's Pa.r.s.er_, p. 72. "I became as fidgetty as a fly in a milk-jug."--_Blackwood's Mag._, Vol. xl, p. 674. "That enormous error seems to be rivetted in popular opinion."--_Webster's Essays_, p.

364. "Whose mind iz not bia.s.sed by personal attachments to a sovereign."--_Ib._, p. 318. "Laws against usury originated in a bigotted prejudice against the Jews."--_Ib._, p. 315. "The most criticcal period of life iz usually between thirteen and seventeen."--_Ib._, p. 388.

"Generallissimo, the chief commander of an army or military force."--See _El. Spelling-Book_, p. 93. "Tranquillize, to quiet, to make calm and peaceful."--_Ib._, p. 133. "Pommeled, beaten, bruised; having pommels, as a sword or dagger."--_Webster_ and _Chalmers_. "From what a height does the jeweler look down upon his shoemaker!"--_Red Book_, p. 108. "You will have a verbal account from my friend and fellow traveler."--_Ib._, p. 155. "I observe that you have written the word _counseled_ with one _l_ only."--_Ib._, p. 173. "They were offended at such as combatted these notions."--_Robertson's America_, Vol. ii, p. 437. "From libel, come libeled, libeler, libeling, libelous; from grovel, groveled, groveler, groveling; from gravel, graveled and graveling."--See _Webster's Dict._ "Wooliness, the state of being woolly."--_Ib._ "Yet he has spelled chappelling, bordeller, medallist, metalline, metallist, metallize, clavellated, &c. with _ll_, contrary to his rule."--_Cobb's Review of Webster_, p. 11. "Again, he has spelled cancelation and snively with single _l_, and cupellation, pannellation, wittolly, with _ll_."--_Ib._ "Oilly, fatty, greasy, containing oil, glib."--_Rhyming Dict._ "Medallist, one curious in medals; Metallist, one skilled in metals."--_Johnson, Webster, Worcester, Cobb, et al._ "He is benefitted."--_Town's Spelling-Book_, p. 5.

"They traveled for pleasure."--_S. W. Clark's Gram._, p. 101.

"Without you, what were man? A groveling herd, In darkness, wretchedness, and want enchain'd."

--_Beattie's Minstrel_, p. 40.

UNDER RULE V.--OF FINAL CK.

"He hopes, therefore, to be pardoned by the critick."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 10.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_critick_" is here spelled with a final _k_. But, according to Rule 5th, "Monosyllables and English verbs end not with _c_, but take _ck_ for double _c_; as, rack, wreck, rock, attack: but, in general, words derived from the learned languages need not the _k_, and common use discards it." Therefore, this _k_ should be omitted; thus, _critic_.]

"The leading object of every publick speaker should be to persuade."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 153. "May not four feet be as poetick as five; or fifteen feet, as poetick as fifty?"--_Ib._, p. 146. "Avoid all theatrical trick and mimickry, and especially all scholastick stiffness."--_Ib._, p. 154. "No one thinks of becoming skilled in dancing, or in musick, or in mathematicks, or logick, without long and close application to the subject."--_Ib._, p. 152. "Caspar's sense of feeling, and susceptibility of metallick and magnetick excitement were also very extraordinary."--_Ib._, p. 238. "Authors.h.i.+p has become a mania, or, perhaps I should say, an epidemick."--_Ib._, p. 6. "What can prevent this republick from soon raising a literary standard?"--_Ib._, p. 10. "Courteous reader, you may think me garrulous upon topicks quite foreign to the subject before me."--_Ib._, p. 11. "Of the Tonick, Subtonick, and Atoniek elements."--_Ib._, p. 15. "The subtonick elements are inferiour to the tonicks in all the emphatick and elegant purposes of speech."--_Ib._, p.

32. "The nine atonicks, and the three abrupt subtonicks cause an interruption to the continuity of the syllabick impulse."--_Ib._, p. 37.

"On scientifick principles, conjunctions and prepositions are but one part of speech."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 120. "That some inferior animals should be able to mimic human articulation, will not seem wonderful."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, Vol. i, p. 2.

"When young, you led a life monastick, And wore a vest ecelesiastick; Now, in your age, you grow fantastick."--_Johnson's Dict._

UNDER RULE VI.--OF RETAINING.

"Fearlesness, exemption from fear, intrepidity."--_Johnson's Dict._

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_fearlesness_" is here allowed to drop one _s_ of _fearless_. But, according to Rule 6th, "Words ending with any double letter, preserve it double before any additional termination not beginning with the same letter." Therefore, the other _s_ should be inserted; thus, _fearlessness_.]

"Dreadlesness; fearlesness, intrepidity, undauntedness."--_Johnson's Dict._ "Regardlesly, without heed; Regardlesness, heedlessness, inattention."--_Ib._ "Blamelesly, innocently; Blamlesness, innocence."--_Ib._ "That is better than to be flattered into pride and carelesness."--TAYLOR: _Joh. Dict._ "Good fortunes began to breed a proud recklesness in them."--SIDNEY: _ib._ "See whether he lazily and listlesly dreams away his time."--LOCKE: _ib._ "It may be, the palate of the soul is indisposed by listlesness or sorrow."--TAYLOR: _ib._ "Pitilesly, without mercy; Pitilesness, unmercifulness."--_Johnson_. "What say you to such as these? abominable, accordable, agreable, &c."--_Tooke's Diversions_, Vol.

ii, p. 432. "Artlesly; naturally, sincerely, without craft."--_Johnson_. "A chilness, or s.h.i.+vering of the body, generally precedes a fever."--_Murray's Key_, p. 167. "Smalness; littleness, minuteness, weakness."--_Rhyming Dict._ "Gall-less, a. free from gall or bitterness."--_Webster's Dict._ "Talness; height of stature, upright length with comparative slenderness."--See _Johnson et al_. "Wilful; stubborn, contumacious, perverse, inflexible."--_Id._ "He guided them by the skilfulness of his hands."--_Psal._ lxxviii, 72. "The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof."--_Murray's Key_, p. 172. "What is now, is but an amasment of imaginary conceptions."--GLANVILLE: _Joh. Dict._ "Embarrasment; perplexity, entanglement."--See _Littleton's Dict._ "The second is slothfulness, whereby they are performed slackly and carelesly."--_Perkins's Theology_, p. 729. "Instalment; induction into office; part of a large sum of money, to be paid at a particular time."--See _Johnson's Dict._ "Inthralment; servitude, slavery."--_Ib._

"I, who at some times spend, at others spare, Divided between carelesness and care."--_Pope_.

UNDER RULE VII.--OF RETAINING.

"Shall, on the contrary, in the first person, simply foretels."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 88; _Ingersoll's_, 136; _Fisk's_, 78; _Jaudon's_, 59; _A.

Flint's_, 42; _Wright's_, 90; _Bullions's_, 32.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_foretels_" does not here retain the double _l_ of _tell_. But, according to Rule 7th, "Words ending with any double letter, preserve it double in all derivatives formed from them by means of prefixes." Therefore, the other _l_ should be inserted; thus, _foretells_.]

"There are a few compound irregular verbs, as _befal, bespeak_, &c."--_Ash's Gram._, p. 46. "That we might frequently recal it to our memory."--_Calvin's Inst.i.tutes_, p. 112. "The angels exercise a constant solicitude that no evil befal us."--_Ib._, p. 107. "Inthral; to enslave, to shackle, to reduce to servitude."--_Walker's Dict._ "He makes resolutions, and fulfils them by new ones."--_Red Book_, p. 138. "To enrol my humble name upon the list of authors on Elocution."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 12.

"Forestal; to antic.i.p.ate, to take up beforehand."--_Walker's Rhym. Dict._ "Miscal; to call wrong, to name improperly."--_Johnson_. "Bethral; to enslave, to reduce to bondage."--See _id._ "Befal; to happen to, to come to pa.s.s."--_Rhym. Dict._ "Unrol; to open what is rolled or convolved."--_Johnson_. "Counterrol; to keep copies of accounts to prevent frauds."--See _id._ "As Sisyphus uprols a rock, which constantly overpowers him at the summit."--_Author_. "Unwel; not well, indisposed, not in good health."--See _Red Book_, p. 336. "Undersel; to defeat by selling for less, to sell cheaper than an other."--See _id._, p. 332. "Inwal; to enclose or fortify with a wall."--See _id._, p. 295. "Twibil; an instrument with two bills, or with a point and a blade; a pickaxe, a mattock, a halberd, a battle-axe."--See _Dict._ "What you miscal their folly, is their care."--_Dryden_. "My heart will sigh when I miscal it so."--_Shakspeare_.

"But if the arrangement recal one set of ideas more readily than another."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 130.

"'Tis done; and since 'tis done, 'tis past recal; And since 'tis past recal, must be forgotten."--_Dryden_.

UNDER RULE VIII.--OF FINAL LL.

"The righteous is taken away from the evill to come."--_Perkins's Works_, p. 417.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_evill_" is here written with final _ll_. But, according to Rule 8th, "Final _ll_ is peculiar to monosyllables and their compounds, with the few derivatives formed from such roots by prefixes; consequently, all other words that end in _l_, must be terminated with a single _l_." Therefore, one _l_ should be here omitted; thus, _evil_.]

"Patroll; to go the rounds in a camp or garrison, to march about and observe what pa.s.ses."--_Webster's Amer. Dict._, 8vo. "Marshall; the chief officer of arms, one who regulates rank and order."--See _Bailey's Dict._ "Weevill; a destructive grub that gets among corn."--See _Rhym. Dict._ "It much excells all other studies and arts."--_Walker's Particles_, p. 217.

"It is essentiall to all magnitudes, to be in one place."--_Perkins's Works_, p. 403. "By nature I was thy va.s.sall, but Christ hath redeemed me."--_Ib._, p. 404. "Some, being in want, pray for temporall blessings."--_Ib._, p. 412. "And this the Lord doth, either in temporall or spirituall benefits."--_Ib._, p. 415. "He makes an idoll of them, by setting his heart on them."--_Ib._, p. 416. "This triall by desertion serveth for two purposes."--_Ib._, p. 420. "Moreover, this destruction is both perpetuall and terrible."--_Ib._, p. 726. "Giving to severall men several gifts, according to his good pleasure."--_Ib._, p. 731. "Untill; to some time, place, or degree, mentioned."--See _Red Book_, p. 330. "Annull; to make void, to nullify, to abrogate, to abolish." "Nitric acid combined with argill, forms the nitrate of argill."--_Gregory's Dict., art.

Chemistry_.

"Let modest Foster, if he will, excell Ten Metropolitans in preaching well."--_Pope_, p. 414.

UNDER RULE IX.--OF FINAL E.

"Adjectives ending in _able_ signify capacity; as, _comfortable, tenable, improvable_."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 33.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_improveable_" here retains the final _e_ of _improve_. But, according to Rule 9th, "The final _e_ of a primitive word is generally omitted before an additional termination beginning with a vowel." Therefore, this _e_ should be omitted; thus, _improvable_.]

"Their mildness and hospitality are ascribeable to a general administration of religious ordinances."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 336. "Retrench as much as possible without obscureing the sense."--_James Brown's Amer. Gram._, 1821, p. 11. "Changable, subject to change; Unchangeable, immutable."--_Walker's Rhym. Dict._ "Tameable, susceptive of taming; Untameable, not to be tamed."--_Ib._ "Reconcileable, Unreconcileable, Reconcileableness; Irreconcilable, Irreconcilably, Irreconcilableness."--_Johnson's Dict._ "We have thought it most adviseable to pay him some little attention."-- _Merchants Criticisms_. "Proveable, that may be proved; Reprovable.

blameable, worthy of reprehension."--_Walker's Dict._ "Moveable and Immovable, Moveably and Immovably, Moveables and Removal, Moveableness and Improvableness, Unremoveable and Unimprovable, Unremoveably and Removable, Proveable and Approvable, Irreproveable and Reprovable, Unreproveable and Improvable, Unimproveableness and Improvably."--_Johnson's Dict._ "And with this cruelty you are chargable in some measure yourself."--_Collier's Antoninus_, p. 94. "Mothers would certainly resent it, as judgeing it proceeded from a low opinion of the genius of their s.e.x."--_British Gram., Pref._, p. xxv. "t.i.theable, subject to the payment of t.i.thes; Saleable, vendible, fit for sale; Loseable, possible to be lost; Sizeable, of reasonable bulk or size."--_Walker's Rhyming Dict._ "When he began this custom, he was puleing and very tender."--_Locke, on Ed._, p. 8.

"The plate, coin, revenues, and moveables, Whereof our uncle Gaunt did stand possess'd."--_Shak._

UNDER RULE X.--OF FINAL E.

"Diversly; in different ways, differently, variously."--_Rhym. Dict._, and _Webster's_.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_Diversly_" here omits the final _e_ of its primitive word, _diverse_. But, according to Rule 10th, "The final _e_ of a primitive word is generally retained before an additional termination beginning with a consonant." Therefore, this _e_ should be retained; thus, _Diversely_.]

"The event thereof contains a wholsome instruction."--_Bacon's Wisdom of the Ancients_, p. 17. "Whence Scaliger falsly concluded that articles were useless."--_Brightland's Gram._, p. 94. "The child that we have just seen is wholesomly fed."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 187. "Indeed, falshood and legerdemain sink the character of a prince."--_Collier's Antoninus_, p. 5.

"In earnest, at this rate of managment, thou usest thyself very coarsly."--_Ib._, p. 19. "To give them an arrangment and diversity, as agreeable as the nature of the subject would admit"--_Murray's Pref. to Ex._, p. vi. "Alger's Grammar is only a trifling enlargment of Murray's little Abridgment."--_Author_. "You ask whether you are to retain or omit the mute _e_ in the word judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, lodgment, adjudgment, and prejudgment."--_Red Book_, p. 172. "Fertileness, fruitfulness; Fertily, fruitfully, abundantly."--_Johnson's Dict._ "Chastly, purely, without contamination; Chastness, chast.i.ty, purity."--_Ib._, and _Walker's_. "Rhymster, _n._ One who makes rhymes; a versifier; a mean poet."--_Johnson_ and _Webster_. "It is therefore an heroical achievment to dispossess this imaginary monarch."--_Berkley's Minute Philos._, p. 151. "Whereby, is not meant the Present Time, as he imagins, but the Time Past."--_Johnson's Gram. Com._, p. 344 "So far is this word from affecting the noun, in regard to its definitness, that its own character of definitness or indefinitness, depends upon the name to which it is prefixed."--_Webster's Philosophical Gram._, p. 20.

"Satire, by wholsome Lessons, wou'd reclaim, And heal their Vices to secure their Fame."

--_Brightland's Gr._, p. 171.

UNDER RULE XI.--OF FINAL Y.