The Mechanism of the Human Voice Part 18

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=VOICE PRODUCTION IN SINGING AND SPEAKING=. WESLEY MILLS, M.A., F.R.C.S.

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FOOTNOTES:

[A] "The Mechanism of Voice, Speech, and Taste." Translated and edited by Mr. Lennox Browne, F.R.C.S. London: Bailliere, Tindall, and c.o.x.

[B] It having been proved to Mr. Behnke that the use of the term "_abdominal_" instead of "_diaphragmatic_" breathing led to misconception and misrepresentation of his views on this important subject, he discarded the words "abdominal breathing" and used only the term "diaphragmatic breathing" in his teaching and writing. Will readers kindly bear this in mind?--K. B.

[C] "Medical Hints on the Production and Management of the Singing Voice," Fifth Edition, p. 15. London: Chappell and Co.

[D] Only for the purpose of ascertaining the capacity of the lungs _before_ commencing the exercises, and the gain acquired after some weeks of regular work.

[E] "The Throat and its Diseases," pp. 289, 290. London: Bailliere, Tindall, and c.o.x.

[F] "The Throat and its Functions." New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

[G] _Sphincter_ is an anatomical term applied to circular muscles which constrict or close certain natural orifices.

[H] "Ueber die Compensation der physischen Krafte am menschlichen Stimmorgan," p. 8. Berlin, 1839.

[I] "Voice in Singing," p. 189. Philadelphia, 1875.

[J] "Anatomist's Vade Mec.u.m." By Erasmus Wilson, F.R.S. London. Eighth edition, p. 596.

[K] Helmholtz, "Sensations of Tone:" translated by Alexander J. Ellis, F.R.S., &c., p. 37.

[L] "Philosophy of Voice," 2nd edition, p. 19. Bailliere, Tindall, and c.o.x.

[M] A "Laryngo-Phantom" has recently been brought out by Dr. Isenschmid of Munich, which greatly facilitates this preliminary practice. It consists of an imitation of the throat, the larynx, and the mouth, and "is intended to familiarize students with as many of the details connected with the use of the laryngoscope as it is possible to learn before the application of the instrument to the living subject." A number of little paintings representing different laryngoscopic appearances may be slipped into this Phantom, unknown to the student, who has to discover what has been done by the usual process. This apparatus can therefore be strongly recommended as affording excellent and constant practice. It may be had of Messrs. Krohne & Sesemann, 8, Duke Street, Manchester Square, W., price 2 2s.

[N] "Der Kehlkopf," p. 153. Leipzig, 1873. J. J. Weber.