The Wonderful Story of Washington Part 11

CHAPTER XV

THE PEACE OF HOME AT LAST

I. SORROW FOR THE DEPARTED SCENES AROUND MOUNT VERNON

At the close of his term of office, March 4, 1797, Was.h.i.+ngton retired to his home at Mount Vernon loved by all the understanding world.

In a letter to Mrs. S. Fairfax, then in England, he wrote, "It is a matter of sore regret when I cast my eyes toward Belvoir, which I often do, to reflect that the former inhabitants of it, with whom we lived in such harmony and friends.h.i.+p, no longer reside there, and the ruins only can be viewed as the mementoes of former pleasures."

The home interest of Was.h.i.+ngton can be seen in a letter he wrote to Miss Nelly Custis, a granddaughter of his wife. Her father had died when she was a child, and Was.h.i.+ngton, having no children, had adopted Nelly and brought her up in his family. She was of a beautiful nature and was much beloved by Was.h.i.+ngton.

She appears to have had some very decided social notions, and one of these was, as she expressed it, "a perfect apathy toward the youth of the present day," and a determination never to give herself "a moment's uneasiness on account of any of them."

That was perhaps the rather high-sounding notion that romantic young folks sometimes acquire of independence from usual life and of superiority to their a.s.sociates. Evidently Was.h.i.+ngton did not regard her resolution with any grave alarm. He perhaps knew the ancient privilege allowing women to change their minds. Nevertheless, it was worthy of his experienced consideration, at least against letting too many know her "irrevocable determination" because, when she did change, as was doubtless inevitable, it should not bear any likelihood of being embarra.s.sing.

"Men and women," he wrote her, "feel the same inclination toward each other now that they always have done, and which they will continue to do until there is a new order of things; and you, as others have done, may find that the pa.s.sions of your s.e.x are easier raised than allayed.

Do not, therefore, boast too soon nor too strong of your insensibility.

"Love is said to be an involuntary pa.s.sion, and it is therefore contended that it cannot be resisted. This is true in part only, for, like all things else, when nourished and supplied plentifully with aliment, it is rapid in its progress; but let these be withdrawn, and it may be stifled in its birth or much stinted in its growth.

"Although we cannot avoid first impressions, we may a.s.suredly place them under guard.

"When the fire is beginning to kindle, and your heart growing warm, propound these questions to it: Who is this invader? Have I a competent knowledge of him? Is he a man of good character? A man of sense? For, be a.s.sured, a sensible woman can never be happy with a fool. What has been his walk in life? Is he one to whom my friends can have no reasonable objection?

"If all these interrogations can be satisfactorily answered, there will remain but one more to be asked. That, however, is an important one. Have I sufficient ground to conclude that his affections are engaged by me? Without this the heart of sensibility will struggle against a pa.s.sion that is not reciprocated."

Sure enough, it was but a short time until romance came to Mount Vernon, and Miss Nelly changed her mind very promptly. Lawrence Lewis arrived, the clouds of doubt vanished, and the love-bells were set to ringing until the wedding-bells took up the melody that pa.s.sed on into the music of the spheres.

II. CROWNED IN THE FULLNESS OF TIME 1799

The beginning of the year 1799 was full of the romantic happiness of immortal youth for the household of Was.h.i.+ngton, but the close of the year brought to an end the career of the first great American. On the twelfth of December he rode as usual around the estate at Mount Vernon, and was caught in a sleety rain. From this he developed acute laryngitis and died on the night of the fourteenth. He said, "I die hard but I am not afraid to go," and his last words were, "'Tis well."

His loved ones were around him and his last look was lovingly upon them. The doctor saw his countenance change in death. He put his hands over the eyes out of which the light had forever gone, and one of the n.o.blest souls of the earth pa.s.sed away. There was not a struggle or a sigh.

Mrs. Was.h.i.+ngton was sitting at the foot of the bed, and she asked bravely, "Is he gone?"

The doctor could not speak, but he held up his hand as a sign that the spirit of their beloved was no longer there.

"'Tis well," she said, repeating his last words. "All is now over; I shall soon follow him; I have no more trials to pa.s.s through."

The tributes of America and the world to his honor and his name may be noted in the words of Lord Brougham, an eminent British statesman, who reflected the feeling of the nation against which he had waged a successful war: "It will be the duty of the historian, and the sage of all nations," he said, "to let no occasion pa.s.s of commemorating this ill.u.s.trious man, and, until time shall be no more, will a test of the progress which our race has made in wisdom and virtue be derived from the veneration paid to the immortal name of Was.h.i.+ngton."

The great nations having any sort of democratic ideal fully recognized the fact that in his death had pa.s.sed away one of the great men of the earth. The English Channel fleet lowered their s.h.i.+ps' flags at half-mast in token of respect, and in the land of Napoleon, who was then master of France, there was crepe draped about all their standards. Talleyrand, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and one of the greatest orators and statesmen, prepared a report to the French government in which he said: "A nation which some day will be a great nation, and which today is the wisest and happiest on the face of the earth, weeps at the bier of a man whose courage and genius contributed most to free it from bondage and elevated it to the rank of an independent and sovereign power. The regrets caused by the death of this great man, the memories aroused by these regrets, and a proper veneration for all that is held dear and sacred by mankind, impel us to give expression to our sentiments by taking part in an event which deprives the world of one of its brightest ornaments, and removes to the realm of history one of the n.o.blest lives that ever honored the human race.

"His own country now honors his memory with funeral ceremonies, having lost a citizen whose public actions and una.s.suming grandeur in private life were a living example of courage, wisdom and unselfishness; and France, which from the dawn of American Revolution hailed with hope a nation, hitherto unknown, that was discarding the vices of Europe, which foresaw all the glory that this nation would bestow on humanity, and the enlightenment of governments that would ensue from the novel character of the social inst.i.tutions, and the new type of heroism, of which Was.h.i.+ngton and America were models for the world at large,--France, I repeat, should depart from established usages, and do honor to one whose fame is beyond comparison with that of others.

The man who, among the decadence of modern ages, first dared believe that he could inspire degenerate nations with courage to rise to the level of republican virtues, lived for all nations and for all centuries."

These tributes from the two greatest nations were sincere despite the fact that one of them had just been humiliated, beaten and dismembered by his leaders.h.i.+p, and the other was only recently in the midst of open hostilities toward the United States, against which Was.h.i.+ngton was again made the national commander-in-chief, thus on the very verge of war with France. Only in his own country had Was.h.i.+ngton been the object of the bitterest personal slander and political calumny. But, at his death, all ignorant prejudice and foul-mouthed envy became silent and sought to be hidden from the public presence. In him there was greatness that could not be questioned and character that could be known only to be praised. The vision of him never fails from the sky of American ideals, and the young people of this nation have only to know his life to know for what kind of political interest each one should labor in the name of American liberty and the progress of an American humanity.

Was.h.i.+ngton regarded parties as one of the most inexcusable and disturbing elements in the political life of a nation. He believed in men and principles, not in parties and platforms. It was more than a hundred years after his death before the people of the United States began to discard allegiance to parties and platforms in favor of men and the principles of humanity.

When misrepresentation began its a.s.sault upon him in the presidency as it had done in the army, Was.h.i.+ngton wrote, "The man who means to commit no wrong will never be guilty of enormities; consequently he can never be unwilling to learn what are ascribed to him as foibles.

If they are really such, the knowledge of them in a well disposed mind will go halfway towards a reform. If they are errors, he can explain and justify the motive of his actions."

It is thus that a well-balanced disposition willingly receives criticism, whatever its motive, for any value he can get out of it, with little concern for the intentions of the criticism, if his own purpose is fair and just.

He greatly deplored the misrepresentation of the partisan newspapers, believing that the people of a nation would never go wrong if they had the truth before them upon which to make up their minds. It is very generally true that parties have governed for the spoils of power and office. Political parties have very often fostered false argument and worse distortion of their opponents' meaning, so that large numbers of honorable and honest-minded persons have been misled into truly fearful fanaticism, and more fearful support of purposes, which, if they had known, they would have abhorred.

III. A LIFE-LIKE SCENE FROM WAs.h.i.+NGTON'S HOME LIFE

John Bernard, a noted English actor, who came to play an engagement in America soon after Was.h.i.+ngton had retired from the presidency, tells an experience which gives us quite a picture of our own, in which we can see Was.h.i.+ngton free from all the glamor of fame that usually half hides the real man from our view.

Bernard says that he was playing at Annapolis in 1798 when, one day, he went out riding down below Alexandria. Just as he was coming in sight of a man and young woman riding toward him in a chaise, the carriage was overturned and the two were thrown violently out. The man was not hurt but the woman was struck unconscious. The actor rode hurriedly up, and, dismounting, began at once to see what could be done for the woman. Soon she returned to consciousness with a volley of fierce scolding at her husband that was extremely ludicrous, if not ridiculous.

Bernard now noticed that another man had ridden up and was helping the unfortunate husband to extricate the horse and get the animal upon its feet. The three men then set to work to get the heavy carriage, still heavier loaded with baggage, back into service. It was a hot July day and the half hour's work was a rather exhausting task for two who seemed to be out riding for mere recreation.

When the man and his wife were once more in the carriage, ready to drive on, they invited the two strangers to go on with them to Alexandria and have something to drink in appreciation of their timely service, but both declined, and the chaise started afresh upon its journey.

Bernard says, "My companion, after an exclamation at the heat, offered very courteously to dust my coat, a favor the return of which enabled me to take a deliberate survey of his person. He was a tall, erect, well-made man, evidently advanced in years, but who appeared to have retained all the vigor and elasticity resulting from a life of temperance and exercise. His dress was a blue coat b.u.t.toned to his chin and buckskin breeches. Though the instant he took off his hat I could not avoid the recognition of familiar lineaments, which, indeed, I was in the habit of seeing on every sign-post and over every fireplace, still I failed to identify him, and to my surprise I found that I was an object of equal speculation in his eyes.

"'Mr. Bernard, I believe' he said after a moment's pause, and then spoke of having seen me play in Philadelphia, following at once with an invitation to spend a couple of hours in rest and refreshment at his house, which he pointed out in the distance."

It then came clear to the actor who was his distinguished-looking companion.

Mr. Bernard thus continues his description of this experience, "'Mount Vernon,' I exclaimed; and then, drawing back with a stare of wonder, 'Have I the honor of addressing General Was.h.i.+ngton?'

"With a smile whose expression of benevolence I have rarely seen equalled, he offered his hand and replied: 'An odd sort of introduction, Mr. Bernard; but I am pleased to find you can play so active a part in private without a prompter.'"

In the conversation that ensued over the refreshments at Mount Vernon, Mr. Bernard studied his distinguished host with deep earnestness, and has left us a vivid picture in description as the actor saw him.

He says that in the conversation Was.h.i.+ngton's face did not present much variety of expression. It wore always a look of profound thoughtfulness. Neither was there much change in the tones of his voice, but its intonations were rich with the depths of expression.

The keynote of his talk seemed to be summed up, as the actor believed, in one of the sentences of this conversation: "I am a man, and interested in all that concerns humanity." This is in truth the keynote of any mind that ever achieves anything worth while. One does for self or party or nation only as it is for humanity. Any other deed or thought is not patriotism but partisans.h.i.+p. America is that manhood interested with all its available means in the humanity of the world.

Mr. Bernard, with what seems to be the deep insight that a great actor must have into character and human nature, says, "He spoke like a man who had felt as much as he had reflected, and reflected more than he had spoken; like one who had looked upon society rather in the ma.s.s than in detail, and who regarded the happiness of America but as the first link in a series of universal victories." This vision, opened up to America in the devastations of the Great European War for "a place in the sun," was enlarged by American patriots, not for any closed-in nation, but for the rights of humanity.

It chanced, during the conversation, that, while Was.h.i.+ngton was comparing English liberty as surrounded by walls, with American liberty as in the open, a black man came in with a jug of spring water.

Was.h.i.+ngton saw the actor look at the slave and smile with an inward thought. He quickly guessed at the thought and responded, "When we profess, as our fundamental principle, that liberty is the inalienable right of every man, we do not include madmen or idiots; liberty in their hands would become a scourge. Till the mind of the slave has been educated to perceive what are the obligations of a state of freedom, and not confound a man's freedom with a brute's, the gift would insure its abuse."

He expressed his belief that slavery must some time be banished for the unity of American principles, and, in this connection, it should be remembered that, by will, he freed all his own slaves, to take place at the death of his wife.