Graded Lessons in English Part 11

Select sentences from Lessons 6, 7, and 11, and conduct the exercise as directed in Lesson 10. Let the strife be to see who can supply the greatest number of modifiers to the subject and to the predicate. The teacher can vary this exercise.

LESSON 27.

ADVERBS.

+Hints for Oral Instruction+.--You have learned, in the preceding Lessons, that the meaning of the predicate may be limited by modifiers, and that one modifier may be joined to another. Words used to modify the predicate of a sentence and those used to modify modifiers belong to one cla.s.s, or one _part of speech_, and are called +Adverbs+.

+T+.--_She decided too hastily_. What word tells how she decided?

+P+.---_Hastily_. +T+.--What word tells how hastily? +P+.--_Too_.

+T+.--What then are the words _too_ and _hastily?_ +P+.--Adverbs.

+T+.--_Too much time has been wasted_. What word modifies _much_ by telling how much? +P+.--_Too_. +T+.--What _part of speech_ is _much?_ +P+.--An adjective. +T+.--What then is _too?_ +P+.--An adverb.

+T+.--Why is _too_ in the first sentence an adverb? Why is _too_ in the second sentence an adverb? Why is _hastily_ an adverb?

Let the teacher use the following and similar examples, and continue the questions. _He thinks so. So much time has been wasted_.

Let the teacher give verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, and require the pupils to modify them by appropriate adverbs.

+DEFINITION.--_An Adverb_ is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb+.

a.n.a.lysis and Parsing.

a.n.a.lyze, diagram, and pa.r.s.e the following sentences.

+Model+.--_We have been very agreeably disappointed_. +Diagram+ as in.

Lesson 25.

For +Written Parsing+, use _Model_, Lesson 22, adding a column for adverbs.

+Oral Parsing+.--_We_ is a p.r.o.noun, because----; _have been disappointed_ is a verb, because----; _very_ is an _adverb_, because it is joined to the adverb _agreeably_ to tell how agreeably; _agreeably_ is an _adverb_, because it is joined to the verb _have been disappointed_ to indicate manner.

1. The plough-boy plods homeward.

2. The water gushed forth.

3. Too much time was wasted.

4. She decided too hastily.

5. You should listen more attentively.

6. More difficult sentences must be built.

7. An intensely painful operation was performed.

8. The patient suffered intensely.

9. That story was peculiarly told.

10. A peculiarly interesting story was told.

11. An extravagantly high price was paid.

12. That lady dresses extravagantly.

The pupil will notice that, in some of the examples above, the same adverb modifies an adjective in one sentence and an adverb in another, and that, in other examples, an adjective and a verb are modified by the same word.

You may learn from this why such modifiers are grouped into one cla.s.s.

LESSON 28.

a.n.a.lYSIS AND PARSING.

MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES FOR REVIEW.

1. You must diagram neatly.

2. The sheaves are nearly gathered.

3. The wheat is duly garnered.

4. The fairies were called together.

5. The birds chirp merrily.

6. This reckless adventurer has returned.

7. The wild woods rang.

8. White fleecy clouds are floating above.

9. Those severe laws have been repealed.

10. A republican government was established.

11. An unusually large crop had just been harvested.

12. She had been waiting quite patiently.

13. A season so extremely warm had never before been known.

14. So brave a deed [Footnote: _Can be commended_ is the verb, and _not_ is an adverb.] cannot be too warmly commended.

LESSON 29.

SENTENCE-BUILDING.

MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR REVIEW.

Build sentences containing the following adverbs.

Hurriedly, solemnly, lightly, well, how, somewhere, abroad, forever, seldom, exceedingly.

Using the following subjects and predicates as foundations, build six sentences having modified subjects and modified predicates, two of which shall contain adverbs modifying adjectives; two, adverbs modifying adverbs; and two, adverbs modifying verbs.

1. ------- boat glides -----.

2. ------- cloud is rising -----.

3. ------- breezes are blowing -----.

4. ------- elephant was captured -----.

5. ------- streams flow -----.

6. ------- spring has opened -----.

We here give you, in cla.s.ses, the material out of which you are to build five sentences with modified subjects and modified predicates.