Higher Lessons in English Part 11

6. The room was furnished with a table, and a chair without legs.

7. The old oaken bucket hangs in the well.

+Explanation.+--No comma here, for no conjunction is omitted. _Oaken_ limits _bucket_, _old_ limits _bucket_ modified by _oaken_, and _the_ limits _bucket_ modified by _old_ and _oaken_. See Lesson 13.

8. A Christian spirit should be shown to Jew or Greek, male or female, friend or foe.

9. We climbed up a mountain for a view.

+Explanation+.--No comma. _Up a mountain_ tells where we climbed, and _for a view_ tells why we climbed up a mountain.

10. The boy hurries away from home, and enters upon a career of business or of pleasure.

11. The long procession was closed by the great dignitaries of the realm, and the brothers and sons of the king.

+Direction+.--_Punctuate such of these sentences as need punctuation, and give your reasons_:--

1. Men and women and children stare cry out and run.

2. Bright healthful and vigorous poetry was written by Milton.

3. Few honest industrious men fail of success in life.

(Where is the conjunction omitted?)

4. Ireland or the Emerald Isle lies to the west of England.

5. That relates to the names of animals or of things without s.e.x.

6. The Hebrew is closely allied to the Arabic the Phoenician the Syriac and the Chaldee.

7. We sailed down the river and along the coast and into a little inlet.

8. The horses and the cattle were fastened in the same stables and were fed with abundance of hay and grain.

9. Spring and summer autumn and winter rush by in quick succession.

10. A few dilapidated old buildings still stand in the deserted village.

+EXCLAMATION POINT--RULE.--All _Exclamatory Expressions_ must be followed by the exclamation point.+

+Remark+.--Sometimes an interjection alone and sometimes an interjection and the words following it form the exclamatory expression; as, _Oh! it hurts. Oh, the beautiful snow!_

_O_ is used in direct address; as, _O father, listen to me. Oh_ is used as a cry of pain, surprise, delight, fear, or appeal. This distinction, however desirable, is not strictly observed, _O_ being frequently used in place of _Oh_.

+CAPITAL LETTERS--RULE.--The words _I_ and _O_ should be written in capital letters.+

+Direction.+--_Correct these violations of the two rules given above:_--

1. o n.o.ble judge o excellent young man.

2. Out of the depths have i cried unto thee.

3. Hurrah the field is won.

4. Pshaw how foolish.

5. Oh oh oh i shall be killed.

6. o life how uncertain o death how inevitable.

LESSON 22.

a.n.a.lYSIS AND PARSING.

+Direction+.--_Beginning with the 8th sentence of the first group of exercises in Lesson_ 21, _a.n.a.lyze thirteen sentences, omitting the_ 4_th of the second group._

+Model+.--_A Christian spirit should be shown to Jew or Greek, male or female, friend or foe._

spirit |should be shown / Jew ===============|================ __/'-------- A Christian | /' ' Greek / ' -------- / '

to / x ' / male --/ '_/'-------- ' ' female x ' -------- '

' / friend __/'--------- ' foe ---------

LESSON 23.

COMPOSITION--CONNECTED TERMS.

Direction.+--_Using the nouns below, compose sentences with compound subjects; compose others in which the verbs shall form compound predicates; and others in which the adjectives, the adverbs, and the phrases shall form compound modifiers:_--

In some let there be three or more connected terms. Observe Rule, Lesson 21, for punctuation. Let your sentences mean something.

NOUNS.

Was.h.i.+ngton, beauty, grace, Jefferson, symmetry, lightning, Lincoln, electricity, copper, silver, flowers, gold, rose, lily.

VERBS.

Examine, sing, pull, push, report, shout, love, hate, like, scream, loathe, approve, fear, obey, refine, hop, elevate, skip, disapprove.

ADJECTIVES.

+Direction.+--_See Caution, Lesson_ 13.

Bright, acute, patient, careful, apt, forcible, simple, homely, happy, short, pithy, deep, jolly, mercurial, precipitous.

ADVERBS.

+Direction.+--_See Caution, Lesson 15._ Neatly, slowly, carefully, sadly, now, here, never, hereafter.

PHRASES.

On sea; in the city; by day; on land; by night; in the country; by hook; across the ocean; by crook; over the lands; along the level road; up the mountains.

LESSON 24.

REVIEW.

CAPITAL LETTERS AND PUNCTUATION.