History of Ancient Art Part 20

=Fascine'= (Lat. _fascina_; from _fascis_, bundle). A bundle of long, thin sticks employed in military engineering for filling ditches, raising parapets, etc.

=Fil'let= (Fr. _filet_, thread; from Lat. _filum_). A ribbon; a narrow, flat band used in the separation of one moulding from another.

Especially the ridge between the flutes of the Ionic shaft.

=Flute.= In architectural usage, a curved and usually semicircular furrow, separated from its repet.i.tion by a narrow fillet, as in the Ionic column. So called from its similarity to the musical instrument.

=Frieze= (Ital. _freggio_, adorned?). The second member of the entablature. When enriched by carvings of men or animals in relief, as is common in the Ionic style, and as occurs upon the cella wall of the Doric Parthenon, the frieze is in cla.s.sic architecture called _zophoros_.

=Gar'goyle= (Fr. _gargouille_; from _gargouiller_, to dabble, to paddle).

A carved waterspout projecting from the gutter.

=Gymna'sion= (Gr.; from ?????, naked). Originally an open s.p.a.ce, but in later times extensive courts and buildings, devoted to mental as well as bodily instruction and exercises.

=He'lix=, pl. hel'ices (Gr. anything twisted or spiral; from ???ss?, to turn around). A spiral, particularly the volutes of the Ionic capital and the corner leaves and tendrils of the Corinthian.

=Hexasty'los=, adj. hex'astyle (from Gr. ??, six, and st????, column). A building, particularly a temple, upon the front of which are six columns.

=Hip'podrome= (Gr. ?pp?d????; from ?pp??, horse, and d????, way). A course prepared for the races of horses and chariots.

=Hypae'thron=, adj. hypae'thral (Lat. _hypaethrus_; from Gr. ?p?, under, and a????, clear sky). Term applied to a temple supposed by some writers on Greek architecture to have been lighted from above, by an orifice through roof and ceiling.

=Hyper'oon= (Gr.). The upper stories of a house; particularly the galleries above the side-aisles in the interior of the Greek temple.

=Hyp'ostyle= (Gr. ?p?st????; from ?p?, under, and st????, column). A s.p.a.ce, with or without lateral enclosure, the ceiling of which rests upon columns.

=Inci'sion.= In architectural usage, the deep groove which separates the necking of the column from the upper drum of the shaft beneath. At times repeated to emphasize this separation.

=Intercolumnia'tion= (from Lat. _inter_, between, and _columna_, column).

The open s.p.a.ce between two columns, measured at the base. The measures are often taken from centre to centre of the columns.

=Lacu'na=, pl. _lacunae_ (Lat.; from Gr. ?????, pit, originally anything hollow). A sunken panel in the under surface of any constructive feature, particularly of a horizontal ceiling.

=Log'gia= (Ital.; from Lat. _locus_, place). A covered s.p.a.ce enclosed by walls, but with one or, in exceptional instances, two sides entirely open to the air.

=Lychni'tes= (Gr. ?????t?? ?????; from ??????, light). A variety of fine-grained marble from the island of Paros, probably so called because quarried by torchlight.

=Met'ope= (Gr.; from et?, between, and ?p?, opening). Originally the orifice between the beam-ends of the Doric ceiling; hence, in later times, the stones which were employed to close these openings. The nearly square slabs between the triglyphs.

=Monop'teros= (from Gr. ????, alone, single, and pte???, wing). A circular structure of outstanding columns, commonly without a cella enclosed by walls.

=Mu'tule= (Lat. _mutulus_). A projection upon the soffit of the Doric corona, which originally marked the position of the rafter-ends beneath the sheathing.

=Na'os= (Gr.). The innermost chamber of the Greek temple.

=Neck'ing.= In architectural usage, the s.p.a.ce, if such be separated, between the top of the shaft and the projecting members of the capital.

In the Doric style, for instance, the continuation of the channellings above the incision or incisions to the annulets of the echinos, including the hypophyge, when this occurs.

=Octosty'los=, adj. oc'tostyle (from Gr. ??t?, eight, and st????, column). A building, particularly a temple, upon the front of which are eight columns.

=Odei'on= (Gr.; from ?d?, song). A hall, similar to a modern theatre, devoted to the production of the lyric works of poets and musicians.

=Ogive'= (Fr.). The pointed arch.

=Opisthod'omos= (Gr. from ?p?s?e, behind, and d???, house). An enclosed chamber in a temple, entered from the epinaos, commonly employed to contain the treasure of the temple or of the state.

=Palais'tra= (Gr.; from pa?a?st??, wrestler). A building or enclosure devoted to wrestling, boxing, and kindred gymnastic exercises; commonly, also, containing baths.

=Perip'teros=, adj. perip'teral (Gr.; from pe??, around, and pte???, wing). A temple entirely surrounded by columns.

=Per'istyle=, noun and adj. (from Gr. pe??, around, and st????, column). A term applied to a secular building, or a court, which is entirely or for the greater part surrounded by a colonnade.

=Pise= (Fr.; from _piser_, to build with stamped clay). A species of tenacious clayey earth, employed for walls and pavement by being rammed down.

=Plinth= (Lat. _plinthus_, from Gr. p??????, tile). Any rectangular and projecting member of considerable size. A narrow and long plinth is a fillet.

=Po'ros= (Gr.). A light, coa.r.s.e tufa-limestone almost exclusively employed during the earliest ages of Greek architecture.

=p.r.o.na'os= (Gr.; from p??, before, and ?a??).

The open vestibule before the naos.

=Propylae'on=, pl. propylae'a (Gr.; from p??, before, and p???, gate). The portal structure before the entrance to a Greek temenos.

=Prosty'los=, adj. pro'style (from Gr. p??, before, and st????, column). That variety of temple plan in which the projecting wall and pilasters of the temple in antis have been transformed to corner columns, thus altering the p.r.o.naos from a loggia to an open portico.

=Pseudodip'teros= (pseudo from Gr. ?e?d??, false; dipteros, see above). A temple planned upon the dipteral arrangement, in which the inner rank of columns surrounding the cella is wanting.

=Pseudoperip'teros= (pseudo from Gr. ?e?d??, false; peripteros, see above). A temple in which the columns surrounding the cella are engaged upon a continuous enclosure wall, as in the great temple of Acragas (Agrigentum).

=Ptero'ma= (Gr.; from pte???, wing). The pa.s.sage surrounding the cella of a peripteral temple.

=Py'lon= (Gr.; from p???, gate). The towers of truncated pyramidal form on either side of the gateways of Egyptian temples.

=Quirk.= In architectural usage, a moulding formed by a sharp turn in a continuous line.

=Reed.= In architectural usage, a small convex moulding applied to a regular surface and frequently repeated. The term is commonly employed for the ornamentation of columns by reversed channels or flutes.

=Reg'ula= (Lat. any straight piece of wood, a ruler). The short band, corresponding to the triglyph, beneath the taenia moulding which crowns the epistyle; the listel. Originally determined by the slat of wood which strengthened the wall-plate at the point of its perforation by the trunnels.