The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History Part 29

=Freemason's Hall, Niagara.= =S= First session of Upper Canada Legislature held in, 83, 96; church services held in, 159.

=Fremin, Father Jacques.= =Ch= Jesuit, put in charge of Richibucto mission, 235.

=French-Canadians.= =L= Aubert's description of, 118, 119; habits and customs, 120-124. =Sy= Tenacious of their legal inst.i.tutions, 69; become disaffected, 70; inconsistency of British policy regarding, 71; Const.i.tutional Act increases their power of resistance, 72, 80; Lord Durham on their aspirations for independent nationality, 94; favour responsible government, but oppose union of the provinces, 117; opposed to improving navigation of St. Lawrence and development of the upper province, 206; regard Sydenham as enemy of their race, 233; Sydenham's estimate of, politically considered, 305. =E= Resent terms of Union Act, 23-24; resent Durham's views on British domination in Canada, 23; increase of their influence, 31. =Dr= Murray's description of, 25; Carleton on their military strength, 45, 46; on their rapid increase, 47; his anxiety to win their allegiance, 50; indifferent to representative government, 55, 61; their pet.i.tion to the king, 61; disappointing conduct of, 78; address king expressing satisfaction with Quebec Act, 78; unwilling to enlist against Americans, 87, 150; British government relies fully on their loyalty, 92; some insult their leaders and insist on being disbanded, 99; tired of American occupation, 150; Carleton's summing up of their att.i.tude, 161; delusion of British government on the subject, 178; pet.i.tion against any further change in their laws, 246; object to a House of a.s.sembly, 246; Dorchester's consideration for, 260; attempt to enroll them for militia service causes riot, 278; more or less affected by revolutionary principles, 278; their att.i.tude serious, 289; report on their state of feeling by Jules de Fer, 301. =B= Durham and, 12; dissatisfied with terms of union, 15; Peel's distrust of, 16, 17; George Brown's relations with, 43, 48-49, 70, 71, 78-81, 101-102, 105, 123-127; restive about Confederation, 166. =Bk= Prosperity of, under British rule, 35; their loyalty recognized by Brock and President Dunn, 1807, 86, 87; distrusted by Sir James Craig, 91, 404; Craig hesitates to issue arms to, 102, 103.

=Hd= Characterized, 42, 220-222; Haldimand's experience of, 51, 52; satisfied with change of sovereignty, 53, 79; corps of, formed, 55-57, 139; object to introduction of English civil law, 59, 60; favoured by Quebec Act, 101; their aversion to military service, 111; costume of, 114, 115, 240; fear of communication with rebels, 119, 134, 136, 140, 174, 297; Estaing's proclamation to, 123; affected by alliance of France with revolted colonies, 126, 127, 128, 140; prisoners in Albany take up arms for Congress, 130; averse to taxation, 173; restricted as to disposal of produce, 177; Haldimand's policy towards, 180; his use of corvees disliked by, 182; gratified by news of British defeats, 189; Baroness de Riedesel's description of, 219-220; their att.i.tude towards Loyalists, 264, 271; continued attempts to undermine their loyalty, 273-282, 283; addressed by Congress, 276; MacLean pleads for, 306; Dorchester's policy with, 314-315. =Md= Ignorance of national affairs, 347; Macdonald's influence with, 347-348. =WM= Their unfortunate position, 131; two thousand desert the camp to protect their families, 152; placed on right of Montcalm's battle-line, 192; dislodge British detachment from Borgia's house, 193, 195; in general defeat make brave rally, 201-203; only those in vicinity of Quebec submit to the British, 237. =L= Pere Charlevoix on, 117; Aubert on, 118; Mere de l'Incarnation on, 119; habits, dress, etc., of, 120 _et seq._ =Bib.=: Sulte, _Histoire des Canadiens-Francais_; Garneau, _Histoire du Canada_; Bibaud, _Histoire du Canada_; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_; Davidson, _Growth of French-Canadian Race_; Aubert de Gaspe, _Les Anciens Canadiens_; Salone, _La Colonisation de la Nouvelle France: etude sur les Origines de la Nation Canadienne Francaise_; Greenough, _Canadian Folk-Life_; Tanguay, _Dictionnaire Genealogique_; Sulte, _Origin of the French-Canadians_ (R. S. C., 1905); Nicholson, _The French Canadian_; Fiske, _New France and New England_; Lambert, _Travels in Canada_.

=French Colonization.= =WM= Principle of, 17; Parkman on, 19.

=French Language.= =BL= Imperial Parliament repeals clause of Union Act making English the sole official language, 287; Elgin reads speech from the throne in French as well as English, 287.

=French Priests.= =Hd= Attempts to introduce, 181, 187.

=French Revolution.= =Dr= Its effect in the United States, 272, 273; principles of, disseminated in Lower Canada, 279. =Sy= Effects of, in Britain, 11.

=Frobisher, Benjamin.= A partner of the North West Company. =Index=: =Hd= Pet.i.tion to Haldimand, 261. =Bib.=: _See_ the memorials of Benjamin Frobisher and Joseph Frobisher, his brother, on the western fur trade, in _Archives Report_, 1890, and particularly that of Oct. 4, 1784, giving the early history of the North West Company; _also_ correspondence in _Archives Report_, 1888.

=Frobisher, Benjamin.= Probably, according to Ma.s.son, a son of Joseph Frobisher. Entered service of North West Company, about 1798. Mentioned as clerk of that Company, in 1804 and 1805, and took a violent part in the troubles between the North West and Hudson's Bay Companies. Captured by Hudson's Bay men in 1819, carried to York Factory and imprisoned; escaped, and in a desperate attempt to make his way back to one of the North West Company posts, died of exhaustion at Cedar Lake. =Bib.=: Wilc.o.c.ke, _Death of Frobisher_ in Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_.

=Frobisher, Joseph.= A partner of the North West Company. Member of the fur-trading firm of McTavish, Frobisher and Company. Built a fort on Red River, and penetrated to the Churchill River, 1774, where, at Frog Portage, he built a post. Gave the name of English River to the Churchill. Accompanied Alexander Henry up the Saskatchewan in 1775.

Returned to Montreal, but retained a large interest in the fur trade until 1798, when he retired. =Index=: =Hd= His pet.i.tion to Haldimand, 261. =MS= Builds trading-post on Sturgeon Lake in 1772, 4. =Bib.=: Henry, _Travels and Adventures_, ed. by Bain; Mackenzie, _History of the Fur Trade_ in his _Voyages_.

=Frobisher, Sir Martin= (1535?-1594). Navigator. Made three voyages to America in search of the North-West Pa.s.sage, 1576, 1577, and 1578.

Vice-admiral in Drake's expedition to West Indies, 1586; led one of the squadrons against the Spanish Armada; took part in Hawkins's expedition, 1590. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Frobisher, Thomas= (1744-1788). Partner of the North West Company. With Joseph Frobisher, Alexander Henry, and Peter Pond, in the North-West, 1775. In that year, explored the Churchill River as far as Isle a la Crosse Lake. =Index=: =MS= Builds trading-post at Sturgeon Lake, 1772, 4. =Bib.=: Henry, _Travels and Adventures_; Mackenzie, _History of the Fur Trade_ in his _Voyages_.

=Frog Portage.= Or Portage de Traite, leading from the Saskatchewan River, by way of c.u.mberland Lake, the Sturgeon-Weir River, Heron, Pelican, and Woody Lakes, to the Churchill. It was discovered by Joseph Frobisher, who built a temporary trading-post there in 1774. Two years later Thomas Frobisher built a more substantial fort at the same place.

He was joined there in that year by Alexander Henry, and plans were matured for intercepting the western Indians on their way down the Churchill to trade at Prince of Wales Fort. Alexander Mackenzie says that the Indians called the portage _Athiquisipichigan Ouinigam_, or the Portage of the Stretched Frog Skin. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de Palluau et de= (1620-1698). =F= Particulars respecting his early life scanty, 61; enters army under Prince of Orange at age of fifteen, 62; promoted to rank of _marechal de camp_, 62; peace of Westphalia, 1648, releases him from military life, 63; marriage, and birth of son, 63; his wife separates from him, 63; extravagant habits of, 64; commands Venetian troops in defence of Crete against Turks, 64; leaves France for Canada, midsummer of 1762, 65; endeavours to const.i.tute "three estates" and summons an a.s.sembly, 67; action disapproved by king, 67; his instructions regarding the ecclesiastical power, 69; friendly to Sulpicians and Recollets, 74; plans a visit to Cataraqui, 74; conducts an expedition to Cataraqui, 76-84; invites Indians to conference at that place, 79; harangues them and distributes presents, 81, 82; erects fort, 83; expedition not approved by minister, 84; Frontenac defends it, 85; difficulties with Perrot, governor of Montreal, and the Abbe Fenelon, 90-104; captures twelve _coureurs de bois_, 99; sends Perrot and Fenelon to France with report on case, 102; the king's reply, 103; enemies at court, 110; honour paid to him in church curtailed by Laval, 112; att.i.tude towards ecclesiastical powers, 113; difficulty with bishop over issue of trading permits, involving carrying of liquor to Indians, 116; king prohibits permits, 116; visits Cataraqui (Fort Frontenac), 117; appeals against king's decision, 117; instructed not to meddle with questions of finance, etc., 120; authorized to grant hunting permits, 125; number to be issued restricted, 128; dispute with Intendant d.u.c.h.esneau as to presidency of Sovereign Council, 133-140; censured by minister for his contentious spirit, 135; again cautioned by king and minister, 136; recalled, 143, 144; asks home government for soldiers, 145; summons conference on Indian question, 146; arranges peace between Senecas and Ottawas, 146; orders strengthening of fortifications of Montreal, 147; relations with Du Lhut, 162; has Recollet confessor, Father Maupa.s.sant, 165; alleged disorders in his household, 165; commends Sulpicians, 168; his recall a triumph for clerical opponents, 171; on return to France makes light of La Barre's demand for troops, 173; reappointed governor of Canada, 229; arrives at Chedabucto, 232; arrives at Quebec, 232; goes to Montreal, 233; exaggerates number of killed in Lachine ma.s.sacre, 227; tries to arrest destruction of Fort Frontenac, 233; organizes raiding parties against English colonies, 234-236; brings out with him from France survivors of Indians captured for the galleys, 237; sends deputation to Iroquois, 237; sends reinforcements to La Durantaye, 241; his address to the Lake tribes, 242; result of his raids on English settlements, 253; improves fortifications of Quebec, 254; his relations with the Sovereign Council, 254-257; goes to Montreal where anxiety prevails, 257; his expedition to Lake Indians successful, 258; dances a war dance, 260; protests to Ma.s.sachusetts authorities against attack on Pentagouet, 270; gets news at Montreal of approach of expedition against Quebec, 282; replies to Phipps's demand for surrender, 288, 289; recommends attack on Boston by sea, 316; describes ravages of the Abnaki, 317; estimate of military losses in Canada, 318; expresses himself as opposed to large expeditions, 320; orders De Louvigny at Michilimackinac to send down Indians with their furs, 323; firm in negotiations with Iroquois, 325, 338; complaints made against, 333-336; gives theatrical representations at Quebec, 336; question of _Tartuffe_, 337; restores Fort Frontenac against instructions of minister, 341; directs campaign against Iroquois, 350-353; reports his victory to the king and asks for recognition, 353; receives cross of St. Louis, 354; receives news of peace of Ryswick, 354; corresponds on question of sovereignty over Iroquois with Earl of Bellomont, governor of New York, 355; his last despatch to home government, 357; illness and death, 357-359; his will, 358; no known portrait, 360; funeral sermon and critical annotations thereon, 361. =L= Governor, erects fort at Cataraqui, 84, 145; takes Recollets under his protection, 112; arrival of, 143; his services and character, 144; supports La Salle, 149; prejudiced against the Jesuits, 157; tries to arrest _coureurs de bois_, 160; imprisons Perrot, governor of Montreal, 160; takes offence at sermon preached by Abbe Fenelon, 161; previously annoyed by sermon of Jesuit Father, 161; demands copy of Fenelon's sermon, 162; difficulty with De Bernieres, 162, 163; censured by the king, 164, 165; quarrels with intendant, 167; recalled, 168; sends unfavourable reports regarding clergy, 170; summons conference on liquor traffic, 172; reappointed governor, 218; arrival of, 228; organizes three detachments to operate against English colonies, 229; his answer to Phipps, 229; attacks the Iroquois, 233; death of, 234. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_; Myrand, _Frontenac et ses Amis_; Lorin, _Le Comte de Frontenac_; Legendre, _Frontenac_; Brady, _Frontenac, the Saviour of Canada_.

=Fulford, Francis= (1803-1868). Educated at Oxford; ordained, 1828.

Consecrated first Anglican bishop of Montreal, 1850, and sailed for Canada the same year. In 1860 metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province of Canada. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._ and _Last Three Bishops_; Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=Fuller, Thomas Brock= (1810-1884). Born in Kingston. Educated at the Grammar Schools at Hamilton and York and at Chambly Theological Seminary. Ordained priest, 1835; laboured in various parts of Canada; archdeacon of Niagara, 1869; bishop of Niagara, 1875. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=Fundy, Bay of.= Explored by De Monts and Champlain in 1604. Probably visited a hundred years earlier by Basque and Breton fishermen, and possibly by the Northmen several centuries before. Known to the Portuguese as Baia Fundo (Deep Bay). Named by De Monts, La Baie Francaise. The year 1604 witnessed not only the first exploration of which any narrative survives, but also the first European, settlement on the sh.o.r.es of the bay. _See also_ Acadia. =Bib.=: Champlain, _Voyages_.

=Fur Trade.= =F= Burdensome restrictions on, 38, 154. =Ch= Short history of, 119 _et seq._ =E= Under the French regime, 183. =Dr= Complicated questions in connection with, 57. =Hd= Importance attached by Haldimand to, 260-261. =S= In Upper Canada, 105-107. =D= Maintained supremacy of British flag in far West, 37; of the Russians, stimulates adventure and exploration, 38; forerunner of civilization, 49. =MS= Growth of, under North West Company, 7; _coureurs de bois_ and _mangeurs de lard_, 14, 168; traders were men of intelligence and intellectual tastes, 27; _bois-brules_, 167; predominance of Scottish element, 219; _mariage du pays_, 263; Canada's debt to, 281-290; names of famous fur-traders given to Canadian rivers, lakes, and towns, 282; fur-trader as pioneer of settlement, 283-284; character of the traders, 288-289; stood for law and order, 289. _See also_ Hudson's Bay Company; North West Company; X Y Company; Pacific Fur Company; Company of New France, etc. =Bib.=: Mackenzie, _History of the Fur Trade_ in his _Voyages_; Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_; Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Parkman, _Works_; Henry, _Travels and Adventures; Henry-Thompson Journals_, ed. by Coues; Harmon, _Journal_; Franchere, _Narrative_; Larpenteur, _Forty Years a Fur Trader_; Chittenden, _History of the American Fur-Trade_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Willson, _The Great Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Begg, _History of the North-West_.

=Gabriel.= =Ch= French vessel seized by English, 222.

=Gage, Thomas= (1721-1787). Fought under Braddock at Monongahela, 1755, and under Abercrombie at Ticonderoga, 1758. Took part in the campaign for the conquest of Canada, 1759; made military governor of Montreal after its capitulation, 1760. Succeeded Amherst, 1763, as commander-in-chief, with headquarters at New York. Sailed for England, 1773, leaving Haldimand in command. Returned the following year, as governor of Ma.s.sachusetts. After the battle of Bunker Hill, 1775, recalled. =Index=: =Dr= Requests Carleton to send him two regiments, 78.

=S= In command at Boston, 19. =Hd= At Ticonderoga, 19; his letters to Haldimand, 22, 23; in command at Oswego, 28, 29; at Albany, 31, 33; governor of Montreal after surrender, 40, 41; his opinion of Croix de St. Louis wearers, 52; replaces Amherst at New York, 53, 57, 58, 60, 61, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 77, 79-81; visits England on leave of absence, 83; correspondence with Haldimand, 89, 94, 95; resumes chief command in America, 96-98, 121; his position in Boston, 101; intended retirement of, 105; his lack of energy, 108; recall of, 110; Indian policy of, 147; his reply to Was.h.i.+ngton's complaint as to treatment of prisoners, 249; death of, 335. =Bib.=: _Letters of the Two Commanders-in-Chief, Generals Gage and Was.h.i.+ngton_; _Detail and Conduct of the American War, under General Gage_. _See also_ Ma.s.s. Hist. Soc. _Colls._, vols. 12, 14, and 34; and _Haldimand Papers_ (Canadian Archives). For biog., _see Dict.

Nat. Biog._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Gaillardin, Claud J. C.= (1810-1880). =F= French historian, referred to, 152. =Bib.=: _Histoire de Louis XIV_.

=Gaillon, Michel.= =Ch= Member of Roberval's expedition, executed, 44.

=Galiano, Dionisio.= Accompanied Maurelle in 1792 to North-West Coast.

Carried out considerable surveys for the Spanish government, partly in conjunction with Vancouver. =Index=: =D= Explores North-West Coast with Valdez, 35; meets Vancouver, 35; journal published at Madrid in 1802, 36. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.

=Galinee, Rene de Brehant de.= A member of a n.o.ble family of Brittany; came to Canada in 1668. With his fellow-Sulpician, Dollier de Ca.s.son (_q.v._), carried out an important exploration in 1669-1670, from Montreal up the St. Lawrence, and around the south sh.o.r.e of Lake Ontario to Burlington Bay; thence to the Grand River, which they descended to Lake Erie, where they wintered. In March, 1670, they continued their journey along the north sh.o.r.e, pa.s.sed through Lake St. Clair, and coasting the south side of Manitoulin Island, reached Sault Ste. Marie, where they found Marquette and Dablon. They returned to Montreal by way of Lake Nip.i.s.sing and the Ottawa. Galinee's narrative of the journey was sent home to the king. He himself returned to France in 1671. =Index=: =L= With Dollier, plants the cross on sh.o.r.es of Lake Erie, 11; arrives from France as missionary, 105; on Lake Erie, 108; La Salle accompanies him to Niagara, 148. =Bib.=: _Exploration of the Great Lakes, 1669-1670_: _Galinee's Narrative and Map_, ed. by James H. Coyne (Ont.

Hist. Soc., 1903).

=Gallatin, Albert= (1761-1849). American statesman. =Bk= United States secretary of the treasury, 81, 108. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Adams, _Writings of Albert Gallatin_; Adams, _Life of Gallatin_.

=Galleran, Guillaume.= =Ch= Recollet priest, 149.

=Gallicanism.= =L= Cause of difficulty between the court of France and the pope, 184, 201.

=Galt, Sir Alexander Tilloch= (1817-1893). Son of John Galt (_q.v._).

Elected to the Legislature, 1849, for Sherbrooke. Dropped out of public life for several years, but in 1853 again elected for Sherbrooke. Took an active part in the movement leading up to Confederation; a member of several administrations before and after Confederation; high commissioner in Great Britain, 1880-1883. =Index=: =Md= Declines task of forming a ministry, 86; becomes minister of finance in Cartier-Macdonald administration, 86; speaks in favour of Confederation, 96; goes to England with Cartier and Rose to secure approval of British government to proposed union, 97; one of commissioners sent to England in 1865 to confer with Imperial government on Confederation, defence, reciprocity, etc., 120-121; minister of finance in first Dominion ministry, 134; resigns, 1867, and succeeded by Rose, 136; introduces high tariff (1859), 218; his protection policy supported by Macdonald, 219; appointed high commissioner, 227. =T= Makes Confederation a Cabinet question, 63; delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 74-75; to Quebec Conference, 76; presented to the queen, 124; minister of finance in first Dominion ministry, 129, 130. =B= Asked by Sir Edmund Head to form government, declines, 106, 133; favours federal union, 106; takes Cayley's place in Macdonald-Cartier government, 107; advocates in 1858 federal union of all British North American provinces, 132-133; pledges Cartier government to federal union policy, 133; mission to England, 133; his connection with reciprocity negotiations in 1865, 193-196; his connection with negotiations with George Brown as to Confederation, 152, 154-155, 160; goes to England on Confederation mission, 186. =C= Goes to England with Cartier and Rose in connection with Confederation, 56-57; refuses decoration of C. B., 126-127. =Bib.=: Works: _Canada from 1849 to 1859_; _Union of the British North American Provinces_. For biog., _see_ Taylor, _Brit. Am._: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Egerton and Grant, _Canadian Const.i.tutional Development_.

=Galt, John= (1779-1839). Came to Canada, 1824; returned to England; came out again in 1826, remaining until 1829. a.s.sociated, in the Canada Company, with William Dunlop, Thomas Talbot, and Samuel Strickland.

Founded towns of Guelph and G.o.derich. Town of Galt named after him.

_See_ Canada Company; Dunlop; Talbot; Strickland. =Bib.=: Works: _Ayrs.h.i.+re Legatees_; _Annals of the Parish_; _Sir Andrew Wylie_; _The Entail_; _Bogle Corbet_; _Stanley Buxton_; _Eken Erskine_; _The Lost Child_; _The Member_; _The Radical_; _Laurie Todd_; _Life of Byron_; _Lives of the Players_; _Autobiography_; _Literary Life and Miscellanies_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Lizars, _Days of the Canada Company_.

=Galt.= A town in Ontario founded by the Canada Company, about 1827.

Named after John Galt. Situated on the Grand River. =Bib.=: Lizars, _Days of the Canada Company_.

=Gamache, Rene de Rohault, Marquis de.= =Ch= Endows Jesuit College at Quebec, 228.

=Gannentaha.= =L= Mission at, miraculously escapes ma.s.sacre, 65. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_.

=Garakontie.= =L= Iroquois chief, conversion of, 65; edifying death of, 73.

=Garfield, James Abram= (1831-1881). Twentieth president of the United States. =Index=: =B= Favourable to proposed Reciprocity Treaty of 1864, 230-231. =Bib.=: Hinsdale, _Works of Garfield_; Gilmore, _Life of Garfield_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Garneau, Francois-Xavier= (1809-1866). Studied law and practised as a notary; afterwards clerk of the Legislative a.s.sembly and city clerk of Quebec; member of the Council of Public Instruction; president of the _Inst.i.tut Canadien_. =Index=: =P= Condemns Papineau's conduct in rejecting Lord G.o.derich's offer, 77. =E= Attacks Hincks for suggesting amendment to Union Act, 123; Hincks's denial, 123. =Hd= On the evils of English law, 59; on Murray, 60; on Haldimand, 291, 292. =Bib.=: _Histoire du Canada_, trans. by Andrew Bell. For biog., _see_ Casgrain, _F.-X. Garneau_; Morgan, _Cel. Can._ and _Bib. Can._

=Garnier, Charles.= Accompanied Jogues and Chatelain to the Huron mission, 1636; and, with the former, to the Tobacco Nation, near Nottawa.s.saga Bay, 1639-1640. Returned to the Huron mission, where, in 1649, died a martyr to his faith, slain by an Iroquois hatchet. =Index=: =L= Death of, 5. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Lalemant, _Relation des Hurons_, 1640.

=Garnier de Chapouin.= =Ch= Provincial of Recollets, appoints four missionaries for Canada, 85.

=Garreau, Leonard.= Jesuit father. =Index=: =L= Death of, 11.

=Garry, Nicholas.= The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company having been amalgamated in 1821, Garry, then a director of the former Company, was sent out to the North-West with Simon McGillivray, in that year, to make the necessary arrangements. Garry's diary of this journey is published in the Royal Society _Trans._, 1900. Subsequently deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1822-1835. Fort Garry was named after him. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Manitoba_ and _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Gaspe.= _See_ Aubert de Gaspe.

=Gaspereau River.= A small tidal stream, flowing into the Basin of Minas. Grand Pre, once a princ.i.p.al settlement of the Acadians, stands upon its banks.

=Gates, Sir Thomas= (1596-1621). Governor of Virginia. =Index=: =Ch= Grant to, by James I of England, 223. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; _Cyc.

Am. Biog._