The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History Part 31

=Gla.s.sion, de.= =Dr= Superior of Jesuits, sends pet.i.tion to the king, through Carleton, 35.

=Glegg, Captain J. B.= Aide-de-camp to General Brock. =Index=: =Bk= Carries summons for surrender of Detroit, 251, 255; carries despatches to Quebec, announcing victory, 259. =Bib.=: Richardson, _War of 1812_, ed. by Ca.s.selman; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.

=Glen, John Sanders.= =F= Magistrate of Schenectady, life spared, 247.

=Glenelg, Charles Grant, Baron= (1778-1866). Born in Kidderpore, India.

Educated at Magdalen College, Cambridge, England, and called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1807. Member of the British House of Commons, 1811-1835. Appointed lord of the treasury, 1813; chief secretary for Ireland and a member of the Privy Council, 1819; vice-president of the Board of Trade and treasurer of the navy, 1823; president of the Board of Control, 1830-1834, and colonial secretary, 1835. Created Baron Glenelg, 1835. Resigned the secretarys.h.i.+p, 1839, and made land tax commissioner. Died in Cannes. =Index=: =W= His incompetence and procrastination, 42; on casual and territorial revenues of New Brunswick, 61-62. =Sy= President of Board of Trade, 16; resigns, 16; unequal to duties of colonial office, 57. =BL= Appointment of Head as governor, 36; Head's letter to, 41. =H= Instructs Sir Colin Campbell to grant a measure of responsible government to Nova Scotia, 44-45; Joseph Howe's letter to, on ocean steams.h.i.+p service, 232. =Mc= Opposes responsible government, 20; on colonial self-government, 73; refers report of the Committee on Grievances to the king, 263; his reply to report, 280; on Executive Councils, 302; schooled by Head, 304; Head disobeys his orders, 307; on non-elective Legislative Council, 324.

=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Glengarry.= A county in Ontario, on the St. Lawrence. Named after the famous glen in Inverness, Scotland. Many Scottish Highlanders left their native country after the battle of Culloden in 1746, and emigrated to America. They were all intensely loyal, and when the Revolution broke out many moved north into Canada, settling on the Niagara frontier, the bay of Quinte, and the banks of the St. Lawrence. From the latter settlement sprang the present Glengarry County. In 1804-1805 Bishop McDonell obtained several grants of land in the district for the Highlanders of the disbanded Scottish Glengarry Regiment, and for twenty-five years promoted the interests of the colonists. He raised, in 1812, the Glengarry Fencibles Regiment, which rendered valuable service during the war. =Bib.=: Macdonell, _Sketches Ill.u.s.trating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_.

=Glengarry Fencibles.= =Bk= Canadian Highland corps, 180.

=Glenie, James.= =W= Member for Sunbury, in New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 1792-1809, 13; a pioneer reformer, 13.

=Globe.= Newspaper published at Toronto; established, 1844. =Index=: =B= Advocates responsible government, ix; its establishment, 9, 10; on elections in Upper Canada in 1844, 25; criticism of Draper, 27; on Toryism, 32; supports Elgin's att.i.tude towards the Rebellion Losses Bill, 36; attacks the Clear Grits, 40, 41; upholds British system of responsible government, as superior to the American system, 42; gives credit to French-Canadians for supporting Reform cause, 43; att.i.tude towards Roman Catholic questions, 44-46, 48; advocates secularization of Clergy Reserves, 55; on free schools, 62; first issued as a daily, Oct.

1, 1853; its earlier history, absorbs _North American_ and _Examiner_, 1855, 74; its policy, 75; on the Quebec _Rouges_, 78-79; contains appeal on behalf of fugitive slaves, 112; and the "no popery" agitation, 121, 123; advocates uniform legislation for Upper and Lower Canada, 130; a.s.sails Separate School Bill, 145; Brown's pride in, 150, 247; effect of Brown's position in Macdonald ministry, 209; contains R. B. Sullivan's address on North-West Territories, 211; Brown's article on North-West, 1852, 213; letters of "Huron" on North-West, 215-216; advocates union of North-West with Canada, 217, 218; attacks Canada First party, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241; Peter Brown writes for, 243; edited by Gordon Brown, 244, 245; reveals George Brown's views, 248, 249; its support of Wilson, 250; attacks Mr. Justice Wilson, 250, 252, 253; the office of publication, 255; shooting of George Brown, 255-258. =E= Hostile at first to Clear Grits, 111; edited by George Brown, 111. =BL= Established by George Brown, Mar. 5, 1844, 223-224; its fighting policy, 224; attacks Metcalfe, 225; denounces the Grits, 342; outcry against Roman Catholicism, 343. =Mc= Justifies the Rebellion of 1837, 13; on Mackenzie's expulsions, 254; on Mackenzie's retirement from public life, 498; Mackenzie's obituary, 511; on Mackenzie's personality, 523. =Md= Founded by George Brown with his father, 52; on the Redistribution Bill, 275; on the elections of 1887, 282-283; supports commercial union, 295.

=Bib.=: Wallis, _Historical Sketch of Canadian Journalism_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5; Buckingham, _George Brown and the Globe_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5; Mackenzie, _Hon. George Brown_.

=G.o.dard, Charles.= =S= Agent for government of Upper Canada, 178.

=G.o.ddard, John.= =T= Elected for St. John, New Brunswick, 25.

=G.o.de, Nicolas.= =L= Land bought from, for church at Montreal, 88.

=G.o.defroy, Jean-Paul.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144.

=G.o.defroy, Thomas.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144.

=G.o.derich, Viscount.= _See_ Ripon.

=G.o.derich.= Town in Ontario, situated at mouth of River Maitland, Huron County, Ontario. Founded by John Galt and Wm. Dunlop about 1827. =Bib.=: Lizars, _Days of the Canada Company_.

=Gomara, Lopez de.= =Ch= Suggests a ca.n.a.l through Isthmus of Panama, 14.

=Gondoin, Nicolas.= =Ch= Jesuit missionary at Miscou, 234.

=Gordon, Brigadier-General.= =Dr= Murder of, 152.

=Gordon, Arthur Hamilton.= _See_ Stanmore.

=Gordon, Robert.= =T= Member for Gloucester in New Brunswick a.s.sembly, votes against Liberals, 18.

=Gore, Sir Charles S.= Born in Scotland, 1793; the third son of the second Earl of Arran. Entered the army, 1808; served throughout the Peninsular War; ordered to Canada, 1814; returned to Europe and present at the battle of Waterloo, 1815. Again came to Canada; in command of the troops in Lower Canada during the Rebellion of 1837-1838; subsequently knighted and advanced to the rank of lieutenant-general. =Index=: =C= At St. Denis, 7. =P= In command of troops in Rebellion of 1837 in Lower Canada, 128-129; marches on St. Denis, 130; second expedition against St. Denis, 134. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Gore, Sir Francis= (1769-1852). Served in the army; lieutenant-governor of Bermuda, 1804; lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 1806-1817.

=Index=: =Bk= Lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 8, 78; his civil and military service, 78; arms supplied to, 97; arrives at Quebec from the west, 132; Brock's high opinion of, 143; goes to England on leave, 159.

=E= Postpones secularization of Clergy Reserves by proroguing Legislature, 146. =Bib.=: Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_; Kingsford, _History of Canada_.

=Gore District.= In Upper Canada; named after Governor Gore. =Index=: =Sy= Resolutions in favour of responsible government adopted at meeting of inhabitants, 125, 126.

=Gorham, John.= A native of Ma.s.sachusetts. Stationed at Annapolis in command of a body of provincial troops, 1845; sent to Boston to procure aid against a threatened attack; induced to proceed to the siege of Louisbourg under Pepperrell; appointed colonel. Returned to Annapolis and placed in command of the Boston troops sent to Mines with Colonel n.o.ble. Afterwards commanded a body of Rangers raised in New England for service in Acadia. A member of the Council of Nova Scotia. Returned to Ma.s.sachusetts, 1752. =Bib.=: _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins; Marshall, _Life of Pepperell_.

=Gosford, Archibald Acheson, second Earl of= (1775?-1849).

Governor-general of Canada, 1835-1838. =Index=: =P= His mission of conciliation to French-Canadians, 110; hostility of Papineau, 110; replaces Aylmer in 1835, 111; his character, 111-112; entertains Papineau, 112-113; his appeal for reconciliation, in opening Parliament, 113; his secret instructions published in Toronto, 113; their terms, 114; session of 1836, 115-116; dismisses Parliament, 116; eve of the Rebellion, 116-117; appoints Bedard judge, 117; proclaims martial law in the district of Montreal, 137; returns to England, 138; on the official cla.s.s in Lower Canada, 158. =BL= His attempts to placate popular leaders in Lower Canada, 45; compared to Bagot, 151. =C= His amnesty proclamation, 9. =W= Conversation with William IV, 22. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Gosselin, Abbe Auguste= (1843- ). Born at St. Charles de Bellecha.s.se, Quebec. Educated at Quebec Seminary and at Laval University. Ordained priest, 1866; subsequently chancellor of the Quebec Diocese, and vicar of the Basilica. Retired from the ministry to devote himself to literary work, 1893. =Index=: =L= On Laval's absolution, 35; on mandement creating Seminary, 49; on policy of Laval, 169; on great extent of parishes in Laval's time, 195. =F= His opinion of Talon, 54; on administration of La Barre, 172; on Laval's choice of de Saint-Vallier, 191; on Frontenac's att.i.tude towards religion, 359.

=Bib.=: Works: _Vie de Laval_; _Henri de Bernieres_; _Le Docteur Labrie_; _Quebec en 1730_; _Mgr. de Saint-Vallier et son Temps_; _D'Iberville; Jean Bourdon_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Gouin, Sir Lomer= (1861- ). Born in Grondines, Quebec. Educated at Sorel College and Laval University, Montreal; studied law and called to the bar of Quebec, 1884. Elected to the a.s.sembly for the St. James division of Montreal, 1897; minister of public works in the Parent administration, 1900; premier, 1905; knighted, 1908. =Bib.=: _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Gourlay, Robert Fleming= (1778-1863). Born in the parish of Ceres, Fifes.h.i.+re, Scotland. Attended St. Andrews University. Took part in an inquiry into the condition of the poor in Great Britain, and carried on an aggressive agitation for a reform of the poor laws. Came to Canada, 1817, and settled at Kingston. Becoming convinced of the need of radical changes in the land system of Upper Canada, attacked the administration with so much energy that he was finally, after a grossly unfair trial, expelled from the province. Returning to Scotland, devoted himself to the preparation of his work on Upper Canada; lost most of his property as the result of lawsuits; and imprisoned for a personal attack on Lord Brougham in the lobby of the House of Commons. On his release, visited the United States about 1836, and instrumental in dissuading Ohio sympathizers from joining the movement under William Lyon Mackenzie. In 1842 his case brought before the Legislature of Upper Canada, and the House decided that his arrest had been "illegal, unconst.i.tutional and without possibility of excuse and palliation, and the sentence declared null and void." Did not, however, return to Canada until 1856, when he was granted a pension of fifty pounds; this he refused because he considered that his vindication had not been complete. Contested Oxford County in 1860, but defeated; returned to Edinburgh, where he died.

=Index=: =Mc= Comes to Canada, 1817, 89; arouses public feeling, 89; tried for libel at Kingston and again at Brockville, and acquitted at both places, 89; tried under Alien Act, and ordered to leave province, 90; refuses and is committed to jail, 90; _habeas corpus_ proceedings fail, 90; treatment in prison, 91; Chief-Justice Powell orders him to leave province, 92; banished, 93. =BL= Exaggerated language of his pet.i.tion, 12. =E= Collects information on best means of developing resources of Upper Canada, 147. =R= His statistics of education in Upper Canada, 55; his imprisonment and banishment, 63, 67. =Bib.=: _Statistical Account of Upper Canada_. For biog., _see_ Dent, _Can.

Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Rattray, _The Scot in British North America_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Governors.= =Sy= Their powers and functions, and relations to the home government on the one side and the colonial Legislatures on the other, 74-76.

=Gowan, Ogle R.= (1796-1876). Born in Ireland. Edited for some years the _Antidote_, published in Dublin. Came to Canada, 1829, and settled in the county of Leeds. At once took a leading place in the politics of Canada. First elected to the Legislative a.s.sembly of Upper Canada, 1834, and continued as representative, with brief intervals, until 1861.

Served in the militia during the troubles of 1837-1838; commanded the right wing at the battle of the "Windmill" and severely wounded. For twenty years grandmaster of the Orange Order. =Index=: =BL= His interview with Metcalfe, and his letter, 187; challenges Hincks, 218; loses his seat in a.s.sembly, 279. =E= Insults Lord Elgin at Brockville, 79. =Bib.=: _Responsible or Parliamentary Government_. For biog., _see Cyc. Am. Biog._; Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Goyer, Olivier.= =F= Recollet, preaches funeral sermon on Frontenac, 361.

=Goyogouins.= _See_ Cayugas.

=Graham, Sir James.= =Sy= His views on corn duties and Irish Church, 40.

=Grammar Schools.= =S= Simcoe's desire to establish, 169. _See_ Education.

=Grand Jury.= =Dr= Presentment of, 14; protested against by Murray, 15.

=Grand Portage.= Near western end of Lake Superior, about twenty miles south of Fort William. As in the case of so many other historic Canadian places, it is impossible to say who was the first white man to stand upon this famous centre of the fur trade. Radisson came this way in 1662; Du Lhut in 1678; Noyon in 1688; La Noue in 1717; but there is no evidence that any of the four were actually at Grand Portage. It is first mentioned in a memoir by Pachot, 1722; and the earliest authenticated visit to the spot is that of La Verendrye, 1731. From that time it grew steadily in importance until finally abandoned, 1801, in favour of Fort William. The name was applied both to the trading-post on the sh.o.r.e of Lake Superior, and to the portage thence to the Pigeon River. =Index=: =MS= Described, 13; the portage, 13; as it is to-day, 13; in Mackenzie's day, 14; Mackenzie at, 54. =Bib.=: Mackenzie, _History of Fur Trade_ in his _Voyages_; _Henry-Thompson Journals_, ed.

by Coues; Henry, _Travels and Adventures_; Carver, _Travels_; Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Grand Pre.= A village on the sh.o.r.es of the Basin of Minas. Stands upon or near the site of the old village of the same name, one of the princ.i.p.al settlements of the Acadians. The scene of many conflicts between the French and English; and of the final expulsion of the Acadians. _See_ Acadians. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Half Century of Conflict_ and _Montcalm and Wolfe_.

=Grand Trunk Railway.= =C= Entrusts Cartier with its legal business, 22; Carrier's deep interest in its development, 48; line extended from Quebec to Riviere du Loup, 49, 114. =BL= Construction of, up to 1848, 301. =B= Owners of said by Dorion to be the real authors of Confederation, 176; Tache-Macdonald government condemned for subsidizing, 176. =E= Early history of, 99, 100, 101, 115-116; Hincks's connection with, 100, 115. =H= Hincks makes arrangements in England for construction of, 143; terms and conditions not altogether satisfactory, 143. =Md= Early history, 45; financial difficulties, 90. =Bib.=: Brown, _History of Grand Trunk Railway_; Lanning, _Historical Sketch of the Grand Trunk Railway_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 2.

=Grant, Alexander= (1734-1813). Administered the government of Upper Canada as senior member of the Executive Council, on death of General Hunter, 1805. =Index=: =Bk= Administers government of Upper Canada, 69.

=S= Member of Legislative Council, 49, 79; member of the Executive Council, 80. =Bib.=: Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_.

=Grant, Cuthbert.= One of the leading traders of the North West Company in the West, in the early days. With Peter Pond on the Athabaska, and sent by him, 1786, to establish a post near mouth of Slave River; at Fort Chipewyan, 1789; at Fort Qu'Appelle, 1793; with David Thompson on the a.s.siniboine, 1797. Died, 1798 or 1799. =Index=: =MS= Partner of the North West Company, 58; in charge of the Centre (Red River and a.s.siniboine) country, 58. =Bib.=: _Henry-Thompson Journals_, ed. by Coues; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Grant, Cuthbert.= Son of foregoing. Scottish half-breed, in western fur trade. Educated at Montreal, and entered service of North West Company.

Led the half-breeds in the Seven Oaks affair. Some years later settled near White Horse Plains, on the a.s.siniboine, and appointed Warden of the Plains by the Council of a.s.siniboia. Became himself a member of the Council. =Index=: =MS= Leader of the half-breeds at Red River--serves notice on the colonists to leave the district, 174; brings a party of _bois-brules_ down from Qu'Appelle to drive out the settlers, 180; and the Seven Oaks affair, 180-182. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Manitoba_ and _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Grant, George Monro= (1835-1902). Born at Albion Mines, Nova Scotia.

Educated at University of Glasgow. Entered Presbyterian ministry in Nova Scotia. Accompanied Sandford Fleming overland to British Columbia, 1872.

Princ.i.p.al of Queen's University, 1877, and built it up to the first rank among Canadian universities. =Index=: =Md= Princ.i.p.al of Queen's University--on ignorance in Maritime Provinces as to the West, 155; opposes commercial union, 295; on character of Sir John A. Macdonald as man and statesman, 329-330; one of Macdonald's strongest and most ardent supporters, 340; but would not support him when he felt he was in the wrong, 341. =Bib.=: Works: _Ocean to Ocean_; _Advantages of Imperial Federation_; _Our National Objects and Aims_; _Religions of the World in Relation to Christianity_; _Picturesque Canada_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._; Grant and Hamilton, _Princ.i.p.al Grant_.