Business English Part 30

4. Present perfect progressive of _drive_.

5. Future progressive of _ride_.

6. Past of _ride_.

7. Present progressive of _ride_.

8. Past emphatic of _ride_.

9. Past perfect of _ride_.

10. Present perfect progressive of _ride_.

Give a synopsis of the progressive tenses of _begin_, using _he_ as the subject.

=Exercise 104--Shall and Will=

The auxiliary verbs used to form the future tenses are _shall_ and _will_. The two must be carefully distinguished because they denote different ideas, according to the person with which they are used. The rule is, to express simple future time, use _shall_ in the first person, _will_ in the second and third persons.

The future tense of the verb _walk_ is conjugated as follows:

I shall walk We shall walk You will walk You will walk He will walk They will walk

This is the form to use when you expect the action to take place naturally.

On the other hand, instead of letting things take their natural course as they do in the simple future, you may force them to take place. You may, for example, be determined to walk, or determined to make some one else walk. In that case the use is reversed; as,

I will walk We will walk You shall walk You shall walk He shall walk They shall walk

This form is used whenever the speaker has authority to bring about the action indicated by the verb.

In questions of the first person always use _shall_. In questions of the second and third persons use the same form that you expect in the answer; as,

_Shall_ you be at home to-morrow? I _shall_.

In the following sentences insert _shall_ or _will_, giving the reason for your choice:

1. I ---- finish the work by three o'clock, I think.

2. To-morrow he ---- feel sorry for this; I vow it.

3. I am sorry, but I ---- not be able to finish the work before next week.

4. ---- you finish your business course in February or in June? I ---- finish in June, I think.

5. ---- he finish in February? No, he ---- finish in June.

6. The foreman declares he ---- not have another chance.

7. He ---- see his mistake when it is too late.

8. They ---- surely be at the station to meet me.

9. I'm afraid you ---- be kicked if you go near that horse.

10. If he doesn't take the examination, he ---- fail.

11. I am determined that I ---- win.

12. I ---- sail probably on the fifteenth.

13. He ---- be twenty-one to-morrow.

14. I ---- go in spite of him.

15. ---- you go by train, do you think?

16. I ---- be greatly obliged if you ---- send the book at once.

17. I promise you John ---- know his lesson to-morrow.

18. ---- you be at home this evening?

19. ---- the train be on time?

20. ---- the store be open this evening?

Conjugate the future and future perfect tenses of the following verbs:

drive see go run sweep ride choose sing eat sell

=Exercise 105--Should and Would=

_Should_ and _would_ are the past tenses of _shall_ and _will_ and, in general, express the same ideas as do _shall_ and _will_, except that _should_ sometimes means _ought_; as,

You _should_ not speak in that way.

_Would_, also, sometimes indicates an action that occurs frequently; as,

She _would_ often sit at the window all the morning.

The use of _should_ and _would_ in indirect statements and questions is sometimes puzzling. First of all, decide whether _shall_ or _will_ would be used in the direct form of the sentence. If the direct form uses _shall_, use _should_ in the indirect; if the direct uses _will_, use _would_ in the indirect; as,

_Direct_: The market _will_ improve.

_Indirect_: He said that the market _would_ improve.