The Mayflower and Her Log Part 21

SUNDAY, Dec. 3/13 At anchor in Cape Cod harbor. The fourth Sunday here. Scarce any of those aboard free from vehement coughs, some very ill.

Weather very variable.

MONDAY, Dec. 4/14 At anchor in Cape Cod harbor. Carpenter completing repairs on shallop. Much discussion of plans for settlement. The Master urging that the Planters should explore with their shallop at some distance, declining in such season to stir from the present anchorage till a safe harbor is discovered by them where they would be and he might go without danger.

This day died Edward Thompson, a servant of Master William White, the first to die aboard the s.h.i.+p since she anch.o.r.ed in the harbor. Burying-party sent ash.o.r.e after services to bury him.

TUESDAY, Dec. 5/15 At anchor in harbor. Francis Billington, a young son of one of the pa.s.sengers, put the s.h.i.+p and all in great jeopardy, by shooting off a fowling-piece in his father's cabin between decks where there was a small barrel of powder open, and many people about the fire close by. None hurt.

Weather cold and foul.

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 6/16 At anchor in harbor. Very cold, bad weather. This day died Jasper More, a lad bound to Governor Carver. The second death in the harbor. The third exploring party got away from the s.h.i.+p in the afternoon in the shallop, intent on finding a harbor recommended by the second mate, Robert Coppin, who had visited it. Captain Standish in command, with whom were Governor Carver, Masters Bradford, Winslow, John Tilley and Edward Tilley, Warren and Hopkins, John Howland, Edward Dotey, and two of the colonists' seamen, Alderton and English, and of the s.h.i.+p's company, the mates Clarke and Coppin, the master-gunner and three sailors, eighteen in all. The shallop was a long time getting clear of the point, having to row, but at last got up her sails and out of the harbor. Sent burying-party ash.o.r.e with body of little More boy, after services aboard.

THURSDAY, Dec. 7/17 At anchor in Cape Cod harbor. This day Mistress Dorothy Bradford, wife of Master Bradford, who is away with the exploring party to the westward, fell over board and was drowned.

FRIDAY, Dec. 8/18 At anchor in harbor. A strong south-east gale with heavy rain, turning to snow and growing cold toward night, as it cleared.

This day Master James Chilton died aboard the s.h.i.+p. The third pa.s.senger, and first head of a family; to die in this harbor.

SAt.u.r.dAY, Dec. 9/19 At anchor in harbor. Burying-party sent ash.o.r.e after services aboard, to bury Chilton. Fetched wood and water.

[The death of Chilton was the first of the head of a family, and it may readily be imagined that the burial was an especially affecting scene, especially as following so closely upon the tragic death of Mrs. Bradford (for whom no funeral or burial arrangements are mentioned?? D.W.)]

SUNDAY, Dec. 10/20 At anchor in Cape Cod harbor. The fifth Sunday in this harbor. The exploring party still absent. Four deaths one by drowning; very severe weather; the s.h.i.+p's narrow escape from being blown up; and the absence of so many of the princ.i.p.al men, have made it a hard, gloomy week.

MONDAY, Dec. 11/21 At anchor in harbor. Clear weather.

TUESDAY, Dec. 12/22 At anchor in harbor. Exploration party still absent.

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 13/23 At anchor in harbor. Exploration party returned to s.h.i.+p, where much sad intelligence met them (especially Master Bradford), as to his wife's drowning. The exploring party report finding a considerable Indian burying-place; several Indian houses; a fierce attack on them by Indians on Friday morning, but without harm; a severe gale on the same afternoon, in which their rudder-hinges broke, their mast was split in three pieces, their sail fell over board in a heavy sea, and they were like to have been cast away in making a harbor which Master Coppin thought he knew, but was deceived about. They landed on an island at the mouth of the harbor, which they named for Master Clarke, the first mate, and spent Sat.u.r.day and Sunday there, and on Monday examined the harbor they found, and are agreed that it is the place for settlement. Much satisfaction with the report among the colonists.

THURSDAY, Dec. 14/24 At anchor, Cape Cod harbor. The colonists have determined to make settlement at the harbor they visited, and which is apparently, by Captain John Smith's chart of 1616, no other than the place he calls "Plimoth" thereon. Fetched wood and water.

FRIDAY, Dec. 15/25 Weighed anchor to go to the place the exploring party discovered. Course west, after leaving harbor. Shallop in company.

Coming within two leagues, the wind coming northwest, could not fetch the harbor, and was faine to put round again towards Cape Cod. Made old anchorage at night. The thirty-fifth night have lain at anchor here. Shallop returned with s.h.i.+p.

SAt.u.r.dAY, Dec. 16/26 Comes in with fair wind for Plymouth.

Weighed anchor and put to sea again and made harbor safely. Shallop in company. Within half an hour of anchoring the wind changed, so if letted [hindered] but a little had gone back to Cape Cod. A fine harbor.

Let go anchors just within a long spur of beach a mile or more from sh.o.r.e. The end of the outward voyage; one hundred and two days from Plymouth (England to Plymouth New England). One hundred and fifty-five days from London.

THE s.h.i.+PS JOURNAL WHILE SHE LAY IN PLYMOUTH HARBOR

SUNDAY, Dec. 17/27 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. Services on s.h.i.+p. This harbor is a bay greater than Cape Cod, compa.s.sed with goodly land. It is in fas.h.i.+on like a sickle or fish-hook.

MONDAY, Dec. 18/28 At anchor, Plymouth harbor: The Master of the s.h.i.+p, with three or four of the sailors and several of the Planters, went aland and marched along the coast several miles.

Made careful examination of locality. Found many brooks of fine water, abundant wood, etc. The party came aboard at night weary with marching.

TUESDAY, Dec. 19/29 At anchor, Plymouth harbor. A party from the s.h.i.+p went ash.o.r.e to discover, some going by land and some keeping to the shallop. A creek was found leading up within the land and followed up three English miles, a very pleasant river at full sea. It was given the name of "Jones River" in compliment to the Master of the s.h.i.+p. A bark of thirty tons may go up at high tide, but the shallop could scarcely pa.s.s at low water. All came aboard at night with resolution to fix, to-morrow, which of the several places examined they would settle upon.

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 20/30 At anchor, Plymouth harbor, many ill. Dec.

After service the colonists decided to go ash.o.r.e this morning and determine upon one of two places which were thought most fitting for their habitation. So a considerable party went ash.o.r.e and left twenty of their number there to make a rendezvous, the rest coming on board at night. They reported that they had chosen by the most voices the site first looked at by the largest brook, near where they landed on the 11th on a large rock [Plymouth Rock].

[The "Rock" seems to have become the established landing place of the Pilgrims, from the time of the first visit of the third exploring party on December 11/21. The absurdity of the claims of the partisans of Mary Chilton, in the foolish contention which existed for many years as to whether she or John Alden was the first person to set foot upon the "Rock," is shown by the fact that, of course, no women were with the third exploring party which first landed there, while it is also certain that Alden was not of that exploring party. That Mary Chilton may have been the first woman to land at Cape Cod harbor is entirely possible, as it is that she or John Alden may have been the first person to land on the "Rock"

after the s.h.i.+p arrived in Plymouth harbor. It was a vexatious travesty upon history (though perpetuated by parties who ought to have been correct) that the a.s.sociation for building the Pilgrim Monument at Plymouth should issue a pamphlet giving a picture of the "Landing of the Pilgrims, December 21, 1620," in which women are pictured, and in which the shallop is shown with a large fore-and-aft mainsail, while on the same page is another picture ent.i.tled, "The Shallop of the MAY-FLOWER," having a large yard and square-sail, and a "Cuddy" (which last the MAY-FLOWER'S shallop we know did not have). The printed description of the picture, however, says: "The cut is copied from a picture by Van der Veldt, a Dutch painter of the seventeenth century, representing a shallop," etc. It is matter of regret to find that a book like Colonel T. W. Higginson's 'Book of American Explorers', intended for a text-book, and bearing the imprint of a house like Longmans, Green & Co. should actually print a "cut" showing Mary Chilton landing from a boat full of men (in which she is the only woman) upon a rock, presumably Plymouth Rock.]

THURSDAY, Dec. 21/31 At anchor, Plymouth harbor. Wet and stormy, so the Planters could not go ash.o.r.e as planned, having blown hard and rained extremely all night. Very uncomfortable for the party on sh.o.r.e. So tempestuous that the shallop could not go to land as soon as was meet, for they had no victuals on land. About eleven o'clock the shallop went off with much ado with provision, but could not return, it blew so strong. Such foul weather forced to ride with three anchors ahead. This day Richard Britteridge, one of the colonists, died aboard the s.h.i.+p, the first to die in this harbor.

FRIDAY, Dec. 22/Jan. 1 At anchor, Plymouth harbor. The storm continues, so that no one could go ash.o.r.e, or those on land come aboard. This morning goodwife Allerton was delivered of a son, but dead-born. The third child born on board the s.h.i.+p since leaving England,--the first in this harbor.

SAt.u.r.dAY, Dec. 23/Jan. 2 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. Sent body of Britteridge ash.o.r.e for burial, the storm having prevented going before, and also a large party of colonists to fell timber, etc. Left a large number on sh.o.r.e at the rendezvous. Fetched wood and water.

SUNDAY, Dec. 24/Jan. 3 At anchor, Plymouth harbor. Second Sunday here. This day died Solomon Prower, one of the family of Master Martin, the treasurer of the colonists, being the sixth death this month, and the second in this harbor.

A burying-party went ash.o.r.e with Prower's body, after services aboard.

MONDAY, Dec. 25/Jan. 4 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. Christmas Day, but not observed by these colonists, they being opposed to all saints' days, etc. The men on sh.o.r.e Sunday reported that they "heard a cry of some savages," as they thought, that day. A large party went ash.o.r.e this morning to fell timber and begin building. They began to erect the first house about twenty feet square for their common use, to receive them and their goods. Another alarm as of Indians this day. All but twenty of the Planters came aboard at night, leaving the rest to keep court of guard. The colonists began to drink water, but at night the Master caused them to have some beer.

TUESDAY, Dec. 26/Jan. 5 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. A violent storm of wind and rain. The weather so foul this morning that none could go ash.o.r.e.

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 27/Jan. 6 At anchor in harbor. Sent working party ash.o.r.e. All but the guard came aboard at night.

THURSDAY, Dec. 28/Jan. 7 At anchor. All able went ash.o.r.e this morning to work on a platform for ordnance on the hill back of the settlement, commanding the harbor. The Planters this day laid out their town-site and allotted ground to the several families. Many of the colonists ill from exposure. All but the guard came off to the s.h.i.+p at night.

FRIDAY, Dec. 29/Jan. 8 At anchor in harbor. No working-party went aland. The Planters fitting tools, etc., for their work. The weather wet and cold.

SAt.u.r.dAY, Dec. 30/Jan. 9 At anchor in harbor. Very stormy and cold.

No working-party sent aland. The Planters fitting tools, etc. Great smokes of fires visible from the s.h.i.+p, six or seven miles away, probably made by Indians.

SUNDAY, Dec. 31/Jan. 10 At anchor in harbor. The third Sunday in this harbor. Sailors given leave to go ash.o.r.e. Many colonists ill.

MONDAY, Jan. 1/Jan. 11 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. This day Degory Priest, one of the colonists, died aboard the s.h.i.+p. A large party went ash.o.r.e early to work. Much time lost between s.h.i.+p and sh.o.r.e, the s.h.i.+p drawing so much water as obliged to anchor a mile and a half off.

The working-party came aboard at nightfall.

Fetched wood and water.

TUESDAY, Jan. 2/Jan. 12 At anchor in harbor. Sent burying-party ash.o.r.e with Priest's body. Weather good.

Working-party aland and returned to s.h.i.+p at night.

WEDNESDAY, Jan. 3/Jan. 13 At anchor in harbor. Working-party aland, returned at night. They report seeing great fires of the Indians. Smoke seen from the s.h.i.+p. Have seen no savages since arrival.

THURSDAY, Jan. 4/Jan. 14 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. Captain Standish, with four or five men, went to look for savages, and though they found some of their old houses "wigwams" could not meet with any of them.

FRIDAY, Jan. 5/Jan. 15 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. Working- party went aland early. One of the sailors found a live herring upon the sh.o.r.e, which the Master had to his supper. As yet have caught but one cod.

SAt.u.r.dAY, Jan. 6/Jan. 16 At anchor in harbor. In judgment of Masters Brewster, Bradford, and others, Master Martin, the colonists' treasurer, was so hopelessly ill that Governor Carver, who had taken up his quarters on land, was sent for to come aboard to speak with him about his accounts. Fetched wood and water.

SUNDAY, Jan. 7/Jan. 17 At anchor in harbor. Fourth Sunday here.

Governor Carver came aboard to talk with Master Martin, who was sinking fast.

MONDAY, Jan. 8/Jan. 18 At anchor in Plymouth harbor. A very fan fair day. The working-party went aland early. The Master sent, the shallop for fish. They had a great tempest at sea and were in some danger. They returned to the s.h.i.+p at night, with three great seals they had shot, and an excellent great cod.