Selections from Viri Romae Part 16

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36.15: subjects of #videri#: cf. p. 6, n. 16.

36.16: = _distribuit_.

36.17: We would say, '_that_ citizen.'

36.18: H 476, 1 (421, III): M 629: A 254, _b_, 2: G 401, N. 6: B 219.

36.19: Why subjunctive?

36.20: abl. of cause.

36.21: _nomina dare_ = to hand in one's name to a recruiting officer, i.e. 'to volunteer.'

36.22: #primum nomen#: i.e. the man whose name was first drawn.

36.23: #bona . . . subiecit#: i.e. he sold his goods at auction.

At Roman auctions, especially of booty taken in war, a spear was set in the ground, just as nowadays a flag is exposed.

37.1: _queror_.

37.2: The _tribuni plebis_ had been created for the express purpose of protecting the people from unjust treatment by the patrician magistrates, especially the consuls. They could veto the acts of any magistrate.

37.3: #nihil# (adv. acc.) #. . . cive#: 'the state had no need of that citizen.'

37.4: abl. with #opus#: H 477, III (414, IV): M 646: A 243, _e_: G 406: B 218, 2.

37.5: For the two datives see p. 25, n. 6.

37.6: #res . . . abiit#: i.e. it became a regular custom. Cf.

_severitas . . . abeat_, XIII, 63.

37.7: 'whoever.'

37.8: #Hoc terrore#: i.e. 'by the terror occasioned by this (act).'

37.9: _adigo_.

37.10: At Beneventum, 275 B.C.

37.11: #Insignem . . . elephanti#: 'this triumph was made notable by the presence of four elephants.' How literally?

37.12: Cf. p. 25, n. 7.

37.13: #c.u.m . . . putaretur#: with #renovaturus# sc. _esse_. For the personal construction, see p. 7, n. 12.

37.14: Sc. _populo Romano_. Its subject is the clause #Manium . . . fieri#; hence the infin. #fieri#.

37.15: '_was_ besieging.' Cf. p. 3, n. 14.

37.16: 'rus.h.i.+ng.' How literally?

37.17: #libratam . . . deiecit# = _libravit et deiecit_.]

#XVI. Gaius Duilius# [[stripped text]]

Gaius Duilius Poenos navali pugna primus devicit. Qui c.u.m videret naves Romanas a Punicis velocitate superari, ma.n.u.s ferreas sive corvos, machinam ad comprehendendas hostium naves tenendasque utilem, excogitavit. Quae ma.n.u.s ubi hostilem apprehenderant navem, superiecto ponte transgrediebatur Roma.n.u.s et in ipsorum ratibus comminus dimicabant, unde Romanis, qui robore praestabant, facilis victoria fuit.

Celeriter sunt expugnatae naves Punicae triginta, in quibus etiam praetoria septiremis capta est, mersae tredecim.

Duilius victor Romam reversus primus navalem triumphum egit. Nulla victoria Romanis gratior fuit, quod invicti terra iam etiam mari plurimum possent. Itaque Duilio concessum est, ut per omnem vitam praelucente funali et praecinente tibicine a cena rediret.

Hannibal, dux cla.s.sis Punicae, e navi quae iam capiebatur, in scapham saltu se demittens Romanorum ma.n.u.s effugit. Veritus autem, ne in patria cla.s.sis amissae poenas daret, civium odium astutia avert.i.t, nam ex illa infelici pugna priusquam cladis nuntius domum perveniret quendam ex amicis Carthaginem misit. Qui postquam curiam intravit, "Consulit"

inquit "vos Hannibal, c.u.m dux Romanorum magnis copiis maritimis instructis advenerit, num c.u.m eo confligere debeat?" Acclamavit universus senatus non esse dubium quin confligi oporteret. Tum ille "Conflixit" inquit "et superatus est." Ita non potuerunt factum d.a.m.nare, quod ipsi fieri debuisse iudicaverant. Sic Hannibal victus crucis supplicium effugit: nam eo poenae genere dux re male gesta apud Poenos adficiebatur.

[[38]]

#XVI. Gaius Duilius# [[as printed]]

Gaius Duilius Poenos navali pugna primus[1] devicit.

Qui c.u.m videret naves Romanas a Punicis velocitate superari, ma.n.u.s ferreas sive corvos, machinam ad comprehendendas hostium naves tenendasque utilem, excogitavit. Quae[2] ma.n.u.s ubi {5} hostilem apprehenderant navem, superiecto ponte transgrediebatur Roma.n.u.s[3] et in ipsorum[4] ratibus comminus dimicabant, unde[5] Romanis, qui robore praestabant, facilis victoria fuit. Celeriter sunt expugnatae naves Punicae triginta, in quibus etiam {10} praetoria[6] septiremis[7] capta est, mersae[8] tredecim.

[Ill.u.s.tration: COLUMNA ROSTRATA OF DUILIUS]

Duilius victor Romam reversus primus navalem triumphum egit. Nulla victoria Romanis gratior fuit, quod[9] invicti terra iam etiam mari plurimum[10] possent.[9] Itaque {15} Duilio concessum est, ut per omnem vitam praelucente funali et praecinente tibicine a cena rediret.[11]

[Ill.u.s.tration: TIBICEN]

Hannibal, dux cla.s.sis Punicae, e navi quae iam capiebatur, in scapham saltu se demittens Romanorum {20} ma.n.u.s effugit. Veritus autem, ne[12] in patria cla.s.sis[13] amissae [[39]]

poenas daret, civium odium astutia avert.i.t, nam ex illa infelici pugna priusquam[1] cladis nuntius domum[2] perveniret[1] quendam ex amicis Carthaginem[2] misit. Qui postquam curiam intravit, "Consulit" inquit "vos Hannibal, c.u.m[3] dux Romanorum magnis {25} copiis maritimis instructis advenerit,[3] num c.u.m eo confligere debeat?" Acclamavit universus senatus non esse dubium quin[4]

confligi oporteret. Tum ille "Conflixit" inquit "et superatus est." Ita non potuerunt factum d.a.m.nare, quod ipsi fieri debuisse iudicaverant. Sic Hannibal victus crucis supplicium effugit: {30} nam eo[5] poenae genere dux re[6] male gesta apud Poenos adficiebatur.

[Footnotes: XVI (pages 38-39)

38.1: #primus devicit#: 'was the first (Roman) to conquer.' Cf.

_primus egit_, l. 12. H 497, and 1 (443 and 1): A 191: G 325, R.

6: B 239. Such a phrase as _primus fuit devincere_ is never used by good writers.

38.2: 'These'; cf. p. 4, n. 3.

38.3: a collective noun: 'the Romans.'

38.4: Sc. _hostium_.

38.5: = 'and as a consequence.'

38.6: Cf. _regius_, I, 17. The Romans applied the term _praetor_ to the commander of any foreign force.

38.7: Sc. _navis_. At this time Carthaginian s.h.i.+ps generally had five banks of oars. In building the fleet commanded by Duilius, the Romans, it is said, took as their model a Carthaginian vessel which had been wrecked on the coast of Italy.

38.8: _mergo_; sc. _sunt_.

38.9: Cf. p. 14, n. 1.

38.10: 'were supreme'; cf. p. 23, n. 1.

38.11: In commemoration also of the victory the Columna Rostrata was erected in the Forum.

38.12: #ne . . . daret#: a clause of purpose, dependent on #veritus#: H 567 (498, III) M 897: A 331, _f_: G 550: B 296, 2.

38.13: #cla.s.sis amissae#: 'for losing the fleet'; see p. 5, n. 15.

39.1: Cf. p. 12, n. 5.

39.2: Why accusative?

39.3: causal subjunctive.

39.4: _quin_ with a subjunctive of result is regularly used after negative expressions of doubt: H 595, 1 (504, 3, 2): M 913: A 332, _g_, R.: G 555, 2: B 298.

39.5: #eo . . . adficiebatur#: 'in that way . . . was punished.'

How literally?

39.6: #re male gesta#: 'if unsuccessful.' How literally?]

#XVII. Marcus Atilius Regulus# [[stripped text]]

Marcus Regulus c.u.m Poenos magna clade adfecisset, Hanno Carthaginiensis ad eum venit, quasi de pace acturus, re vera ut tempus extraheret, donec novae copiae ex Africa advenirent. Is ubi ad consulem accessit, exortus est militum clamor auditaque vox, idem huic faciendum esse, quod paucis ante annis Cornelio consuli a Poenis factum esset. Cornelius enim, velut in conloquium per fraudem evocatus, a Poenis comprehensus erat et in vincula coniectus. Iam Hanno timere incipiebat, sed periculum astuto responso avert.i.t: "Hoc vero" inquit "si feceritis, nihilo eritis Afris meliores." Consul tacere iussit eos, qui par pari referri volebant, et conveniens gravitati Romanae responsum dedit: "Isto te metu, Hanno, fides Romana liberat." De pace, quia neque Poenus serio agebat et consul victoriam quam pacem malebat, non convenit.

Regulus deinde in Africam primus Romanorum duc.u.m traiecit. Clypeam urbem et trecenta castella expugnavit, neque c.u.m hominibus tantum, sed etiam c.u.m monstris dimicavit. Nam c.u.m ad flumen Bagradam castra haberet, anguis mira magnitudine exercitum Romanorum vexabat; multos milites ingenti ore corripuit; plures caudae verbere elisit; nonnullos ipso pestilentis halitus adflatu exanimavit. Neque is telorum ictu perforari poterat, durissima squamarum lorica omnia tela facile repellente.

Confugiendum fuit ad machinas advectisque ballistis et catapultis, velut arx quaedam munita, deiciendus hostis fuit. Tandem saxorum pondere oppressus iacuit, sed cruore suo flumen corporisque pestifero adflatu vicina loca infecit Romanosque castra inde submovere coegit. Corium beluae, centum et viginti pedes longum, Romam misit Regulus.

Huic ob res bene gestas imperium in annum proximum prorogatum est. Quod ubi cognovit Regulus, scripsit senatui vilic.u.m suum in agello, quem septem iugerum habebat, mortuum esse et servum, occasionem nactum, aufugisse ablato instrumento rustico ideoque petere se ut sibi successor in Africam mitteretur, ne, deserto agro, non esset unde uxor et liberi alerentur. Senatus, acceptis litteris, res quas Regulus amiserat publica pecunia redimi iussit, agellum colendum locavit, alimenta coniugi ac liberis praebuit. Regulus deinde multis proeliis Carthaginiensium opes contudit eosque pacem petere coegit. Quam c.u.m Regulus nollet nisi durissimis condicionibus dare, a Lacedaemoniis illi auxilium petierunt.

Lacedaemonii Xanthippum, virum belli peritissimum, Carthaginiensibus miserunt, a quo Regulus victus est ultima pernicie: nam duo tantum milia hominum ex omni Romano exercitu refugerunt et Regulus ipse captus et in carcerem coniectus est. Inde Romam de permutandis captivis missus est dato iureiurando. ut, si non impetra.s.set, rediret ipse Carthaginem. Qui c.u.m Romam venisset, inductus in senatum mandata exposuit; sententiam ne diceret recusavit; quamdiu iureiurando hostium teneretur, se non esse senatorem. Iussus tamen sententiam dicere, negavit esse utile captivos Poenos reddi, illos enim adulescentes esse et bonos duces, se iam confectum senectute. Cuius c.u.m valuisset auctoritas, captivi retenti sunt, ipse, c.u.m retineretur a propinquis et amicis, tamen Carthaginem rediit: neque vero tunc ignorabat se ad crudelissimum hostem et ad exquisita supplicia proficisci, sed iusiurandum conservandum putavit.

Reversum Carthaginienses omni cruciatu necaverunt: palpebris enim resectis aliquamdiu in loco tenebricoso tenuerunt: deinde c.u.m sol esset ardentissimus, repente eductum intueri caelum coegerunt; postremo in arcam ligneam, undique clavis praeacutis horrentem et tam angustam, ut erectus perpetuo manere cogeretur, incluserunt. Ita dum fessum corpus, quoc.u.mque inclinabat, stimulis ferreis confoditur, vigiliis et dolore continuo interemptus est. Hic fuit Atilii Reguli exitus, ipsa vita clarior et inl.u.s.trior.

#XVII. Marcus Atilius Regulus# [[as printed]]

[Sidenote: B.C. 256.]

Selections from Viri Romae Part 16

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