Selections from Viri Romae Part 19

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44.15: 'let slip,' 'lose sight of.'

45.1: apparently = _in castris_, but really an abl. of means.

45.2: #nisi . . . cogeret#: 'except as far as necessity forced (Fabius to lead them forth).' #cogeret# is an example of the iterative subjunctive, used to denote the frequent repet.i.tion of an act. It generally occurs in clauses containing a past tense, and is common in Livy, on whom this story is based.

45.3: #neque . . . deerat#: 'missed no chance of scoring a success.'

45.4: #rei bene gerendae#: cf. p. 40, n. 17.

45.5: #militem . . . paenitere#: 'the soldiers began to be less discontented with (i.e. to be more confident of),' etc. For the construction, see p. 28, n. 7.

45.6: #deligata . . . incendi# = _deligari et incendi_.

45.7: Why abl.?

45.8: _reor_.

45.9: Render by a noun: 'sluggard.'

45.10: See Vocab., _magister_.

45.11: indirect discourse, dependent on the verb of saying suggested by #criminando#.

45.12: Indirect object with #aequavit#, which = _aequum fecit_.

46.1: #abl.# of specification.

46.2: #aequo animo# is an abl. of manner (p. 41, n. 10), and = 'patiently.'

46.3: #ei . . . auxilio#: 'to help him in his peril.' Cf. p. 25, n. 6.

46.4: #receptui cecinit#: 'gave the signal for a retreat.'

#receptui# is a dat. of purpose: cf. p. 25, n. 6. _canere_ is used of instrumental music (here of playing on the trumpet) as well as of vocal.

46.5: _confiteor_.

46.6: i.e. Hannibal.

46.7: #tandem . . . dedisse#: 'the cloud . . . had at last brought wind and rain,' i.e. Fabius, after so long threatening the Carthaginians, had at last proceeded to active measures.

46.8: Cf. p. 4, n. 6.

46.9: #per . . . venandi#: 'under pretense of hunting.'

46.10: a substantive clause of purpose, object of #monuit#.

46.11: supine of _pasco_, denoting the purpose of #propulsa essent#: cf. p. 5, n. 20.

46.12: _veluti . . . factam_: 'as if they (i.e. the cattle) were plunder captured from the foe.' #praedam# is accus. by attraction to _ea pecora_, to be supplied as the object of donarent.

46.13: #eo . . . est#: lit., 'to such a degree of custom was the matter brought,' = 'so customary did this proceeding become.'

#consuetudinis# is a part.i.tive gen. with #eo#, which strictly = 'thither, to that point.'

46.14: subjunctive by attraction (p. 13, n. 10) to #aperiretur#, which itself denotes result.

47.1: 'who were buried in slumber.' The perf. pa.s.s. part. here, as often, = a relative clause.

47.2: #Leve . . . momentum#: 'a circ.u.mstance (almost too) trifling to mention.' For #dictu#, see p. 19, n. 15.

47.3: #deperibat amore#: 'was dying for (lit. because of) love,'

i.e. was desperately in love with.

47.4: objective gen. with #amore#: cf. p. 14, n. 15.

47.5: #ad . . . perpulit# (_perpello_): 'drove him to,' i.e.

induced him to, etc.

47.6: '#watch.#'

47.7: _refringo_.

47.8: emphatic by reason of its position before the conjunction #c.u.m#: cf. p. 19, n. 8.

47.9: #suum Hannibalem#: 'a Hannibal of their own.'

47.10: Cf. p. 14, n. 1.

47.11: i.e. Fabius. Livius said: _mea opera tu Tarentum recepisti_.

47.12: A conditional sentence, containing a supposition contrary to the facts: H 579 and N. (510 and N. 1): M 938: A 308: G 597: B 304.

48.1: #equo vehebatur#: 'was riding.' #equo# is an abl. of means.

48.2: #verecundia . . . maiestatis#: 'out of respect for his dignity as a father.' Explain the case of #verecundia#, also of #maiestatis#. Roman fathers were as absolutely masters of their children as they were of their slaves. Yet the rights of a son in official position took precedence of the honors due a father.

48.3: Cf. p. 12, n. 3.

48.4: abl. with #dignus#: H 481 (421, III): M 654: A 245, _a_: G 397, N. 2: B 226, 2.

48.5: #Cautior . . . est#: = 'he was accounted cautious rather than alert.' See H 499 (444, 2): M 429: A 192: G 299: B 240, 4.

48.6: #insita . . . prudentia#: 'his innate caution'; lit., the caution implanted in his nature. For _ingenio_, see p. 2, n. 7.

48.7: possessive dative: 'no one has a doubt.'

48.8: Cf. p. 39, n. 4.

48.9: = _rem publicam_.

48.10: abl. of means. With #cunctando# cf. _mora_, l. 19, and _cunctatione_, l. 109.

48.11: #id . . . posset#: 'accomplished this, that it should be impossible to overthrow Rome.' #ne . . . posset# is a clause of purpose, in apposition with #id#.]

#XX. Aemilius Paulus et Terentius Varro# [[stripped text]]

Hannibal in Apuliam pervenerat. Adversus eum Roma profecti sunt duo consules, Aemilius Paulus et Terentius Varro. Paulo Fabii cunctatio magis placebat; Varro autem, ferox et temerarius, acriora sequebatur consilia. Ambo consules ad vic.u.m, qui Cannae appellabatur, castra communiverunt. Ibi deinde Varro, invito conlega, aciem instruxit et signum pugnae dedit. Hannibal autem ita const.i.tuerat aciem, ut Romanis et solis radii et ventus ab oriente pulverem adflans adversi essent.

Victus caesusque est Roma.n.u.s exercitus; nusquam graviore vulnere adflicta est res publica. Aemilius Paulus telis obrutus cecidit: quem c.u.m media in pugna sedentem in saxo oppletum cruore conspexisset quidam tribunus militum, "Cape" inquit "hunc equum et fuge, Aemili. Etiam sine tua morte lacrimarum satis luctusque est." Ad ea consul: "Tu quidem macte virtute esto! Sed cave exiguum tempus e manibus hostium evadendi perdas! Abi, nuntia patribus ut urbem muniant ac prius quam hostis victor adveniat, praesidiis firment. Me in hac strage meorum militum patere exspirare." Alter consul c.u.m paucis equitibus Venusiam perfugit.

Consulares aut praetorii occiderunt viginti, senatores capti aut occisi triginta, n.o.biles viri trecenti, militum quadraginta milia, equitum tria milia et quingenti. Hannibal in testimonium victoriae suae tres modios aureorum anulorum Carthaginem misit, quos de manibus equitum Romanorum et senatorum detraxerat.

Hannibali victori c.u.m ceteri gratularentur suaderentque ut quietem iam ipse sumeret et fessis militibus daret, unus ex eius praefectis, Maharbal, minime cessandum ratus, Hannibalem hortabatur ut statim Romam pergeret, die quinto victor in Capitolio epulaturus. c.u.mque Hannibal illud non proba.s.set, Maharbal "Non omnia nimirum" inquit "eidem dii dedere. Vincere scis, Hannibal; victoria uti nescis." Mora huius diei satis creditur saluti fuisse urbi et imperio. Hannibal c.u.m victoria posset uti, frui maluit, relictaque Roma in Campaniam divert.i.t, cuius deliciis mox exercitus ardor elanguit, adeo ut vere dictum sit Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse.

Numquam tantum pavoris Romae fuit, quantum ubi acceptae cladis nuntius advenit. Neque tamen ulla pacis mentio facta est; quin etiam animo civitas adeo magno fuit, ut Varroni ex tanta clade redeunti obviam irent et gratias agerent, quod de re publica non despera.s.set: qui, si Poenorum dux fuisset, temeritatis poenas omni supplicio dedisset. Non autem vitae cupiditate, sed rei publicae amore se superfuisse reliquo aetatis suae tempore approbavit. Nam et barbam capillumque submisit, et postea numquam recubans cib.u.m cepit; honoribus quoque, c.u.m ei deferrentur a populo, renuntiavit, dicens felicioribus magistratibus rei publicae opus esse. Dum igitur Hannibal segniter et otiose agebat. Romani interim respirare coeperunt. Arma non erant: detracta sunt templis vetera hostium spolia. Deerat iuventus: servi manumissi et armati sunt. Egebat aerarium: opes suas libens senatus in medium protulit, nec praeter quod in bullis singulisque anulis erat quidquam sibi auri reliquerunt. Patrum exemplum secuti sunt equites imitataeque equites omnes tribus. Denique vix suffecere tabulae, vix scribarum ma.n.u.s, c.u.m omnes privatae opes in public.u.m deferrentur.

c.u.m Hannibal redimendi sui copiam captivis Romanis fecisset, decem ex ipsis Romam ea de re missi sunt; nec pignus aliud fidei ab iis postulatum est, quam ut iurarent se, si non impetra.s.sent, in castra esse redituros. Eos senatus non redimendos censuit responditque eos cives non esse necessarios, qui, c.u.m armati essent, capi potuissent. Unus ex iis legatis e castris Poenorum egressus, veluti aliquid oblitus, paulo post in castra erat regressus, deinde comites ante noctem adsecutus erat. Is ergo, re non impetrata, domum abiit; reditu enim in castra se liberatum esse iureiurando interpretabatur. Quod ubi innotuit, iussit senatus illum comprehendi et vinctum duci ad Hannibalem. Ea res Hannibalis audaciam maxime fregit, quod senatus populusque Roma.n.u.s rebus adflictis tam excelso esset animo.

#XX. Aemilius Paulus et Terentius Varro# [[as printed]]

[Sidenote: B.C. 216.]

Hannibal[12] in Apuliam pervenerat. Adversus eum Roma profecti sunt duo consules, Aemilius Paulus et Terentius [[49]]

Varro. Paulo Fabii cunctatio magis placebat; Varro[1] autem, ferox et temerarius, acriora sequebatur consilia. Ambo consules ad vic.u.m, qui Cannae appellabatur, castra communiverunt. Ibi {5} deinde Varro, invito[2] conlega, aciem instruxit et signum pugnae dedit. Hannibal autem ita const.i.tuerat aciem, ut Romanis[3] et solis radii et ventus ab oriente pulverem adflans adversi essent. Victus caesusque est Roma.n.u.s exercitus; nusquam graviore vulnere adflicta est res publica. Aemilius Paulus telis obrutus {10} cecidit: quem c.u.m media in pugna sedentem in saxo oppletum cruore conspexisset quidam tribunus militum, "Cape" inquit "hunc equum et fuge, Aemili.[4] Etiam sine tua morte lacrimarum satis luctusque est." Ad ea consul[5]: "Tu[6] quidem macte virtute esto! Sed cave[7] exiguum tempus e manibus hostium evadendi {15} perdas! Abi, nuntia patribus ut urbem muniant ac prius quam hostis victor adveniat, praesidiis firment. Me in hac strage meorum militum patere[8] exspirare." Alter consul c.u.m paucis equitibus Venusiam perfugit. Consulares aut praetorii occiderunt viginti, senatores capti aut occisi triginta, n.o.biles {20} viri trecenti, militum quadraginta milia, equitum tria milia et quingenti. Hannibal in[9] testimonium victoriae suae tres modios aureorum anulorum[10]

Carthaginem misit, quos de manibus equitum Romanorum et senatorum detraxerat. {25}

[Ill.u.s.tration: ANULUS]

[[50]]

Hannibali victori c.u.m ceteri gratularentur suaderentque ut quietem iam ipse sumeret et fessis militibus daret, unus ex eius praefectis, Maharbal, minime[1] cessandum ratus, Hannibalem hortabatur ut statim Romam pergeret, die quinto victor in Capitolio epulaturus.[2] c.u.mque Hannibal illud non proba.s.set, {30} Maharbal "Non omnia nimirum" inquit "eidem[3] dii dedere.

Vincere scis, Hannibal; victoria uti nescis." Mora huius diei satis creditur saluti[4] fuisse urbi[4] et imperio.[4] Hannibal c.u.m victoria posset uti, frui maluit, relictaque Roma in Campaniam divert.i.t, cuius[5] deliciis mox exercitus ardor elanguit, adeo ut vere dictum sit Capuam[6] Hannibali Cannas fuisse. {36}

Numquam tantum pavoris Romae fuit, quantum[7] ubi acceptae cladis nuntius advenit. Neque tamen ulla pacis mentio facta est; quin[8] etiam animo civitas adeo magno fuit, ut Varroni ex tanta {39} clade redeunti obviam irent et gratias agerent, quod de re publica non despera.s.set: qui, si Poenorum dux fuisset,[9] temeritatis poenas omni supplicio dedisset.[9] Non autem vitae cupiditate, sed rei publicae amore se superfuisse[10] reliquo aetatis suae tempore approbavit. Nam et barbam capillumque submisit,[11] et postea numquam recubans[12] cib.u.m cepit; honoribus quoque, c.u.m ei deferrentur a {45} [[51]]

populo, renuntiavit, dicens felicioribus magistratibus[1] rei publicae opus esse. Dum igitur Hannibal segniter et otiose agebat.

Romani interim respirare[2]

coeperunt. Arma non erant: detracta sunt {50} templis[3] vetera hostium spolia. Deerat iuventus: servi manumissi et armati sunt. Egebat aerarium: opes suas libens senatus in medium protulit, nec praeter quod in {55} bullis singulisque[4] anulis erat quidquam sibi auri reliquerunt.

Patrum exemplum secuti sunt equites imitataeque equites omnes tribus. Denique vix[5] suffecere tabulae, vix scribarum ma.n.u.s, c.u.m omnes privatae opes in public.u.m deferrentur.

[Ill.u.s.tration: CONVIVIUM]

c.u.m Hannibal redimendi[6] sui copiam captivis Romanis fecisset, {60} decem ex ipsis Romam ea de re missi sunt; nec pignus aliud fidei ab iis postulatum est, quam ut iurarent se, si non impetra.s.sent, in castra esse redituros. Eos senatus non redimendos censuit responditque eos cives non esse necessarios, qui, c.u.m armati essent, capi potuissent. Unus ex iis legatis e castris Poenorum {65} egressus, veluti[7] aliquid[8] oblitus, paulo post in castra erat regressus, deinde comites ante noctem adsecutus erat. Is ergo, re non impetrata, domum abiit; reditu enim in castra se liberatum esse iureiurando interpretabatur.[9] Quod ubi innotuit, iussit senatus [[52]]

illum comprehendi et vinctum duci ad Hannibalem. Ea res {70} Hannibalis audaciam maxime fregit, quod senatus populusque Roma.n.u.s rebus[1] adflictis tam excelso esset animo.

[Footnotes: XX (pages 48-52)

48.12: Since the battle at Lake Trasumenus (XIX, 17), there had been no general engagement between the Romans and Hannibal. The latter, closely watched and followed by Fabius, had marched into southern Italy, hoping to induce the peoples there to desert Rome and join him. When Fabius resigned the dictators.h.i.+p at the end of the legal period, C. Terentius Varro and L. Aemilius Paulus were elected consuls. Their army numbered 80,000 men, and their instructions were to fight as speedily as possible.

49.1: A further cause of trouble between the consuls was the fact that Paulus was a patrician, Varro a plebeian.

49.2: #invito conlega#: abl. abs.: 'though opposed by his colleague.' How literally? The consuls held supreme command on alternate days.

49.3: Construe with #adversi#.

Selections from Viri Romae Part 19

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