Wood and Forest Part 10

APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, pinkish brown, sap-wood, cream white; non-porous; rings, distinct; grain, straight; rays, numerous, obscure; resin ducts, numerous, large and conspicuous.

PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, very light (61st in this list); 22 lbs.

per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.3684; strength, weak (59th in this list); elasticity, medium (56th in this list); soft (53d in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps little; durable; easily worked; splits little, nails well.

COMMON USES: Carpentry, interior finish, doors, blinds, s.h.i.+ngles, barrels, etc.

REMARKS: Exudes a sweet substance from heart-wood. A magnificent and important lumber tree on Pacific coast.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Radial Section, life size.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Tangential Section, life size.]

4

NORWAY PINE. RED PINE.

Red refers to color of bark.

_Pinus resinosa_ Solander.

_Pinus_, the cla.s.sical Latin name; _resinosa_ refers to very resinous wood.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Habitat.]

HABITAT: (See map); grows best in northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Leaf.]

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 70'-90'; diameter, 2'-3'; tall, straight; branches in whorls, low; bark, thin, scaly, purplish and reddish-brown; longitudinal furrows, broad flat ridges; leaves, in twos in long sheaths; cones, 2".

APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color of wood, pale red, sap-wood, wide, whitish; non-porous; rings summer wood broad, dark; grain, straight; rays, numerous, p.r.o.nounced, thin; very resinous, but ducts small and few.

PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, light, (43d in this list); 31 lbs. per cu.

ft.; sp. gr. 0.4854; strong (39th in this list); elastic (16th in this list); soft (48th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps moderately; not durable; easy to work; splits readily, nails well.

COMMON USES: Piles, electric wire poles, masts, flooring.

REMARKS: Often sold with and as white pine. Resembles Scotch pine (_Pinus sylvestris_). Bark used to some extent for tanning. Grows in open groves.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Radial Section, life size.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Tangential Section, life size.]

5

WESTERN YELLOW PINE. BULL PINE.

Bull refers to great size of trunk.

_Pinus ponderosa_ Lawson.

_Pinus_, the cla.s.sical Latin name; _ponderosa_ refers to great size of trunk.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Habitat.]

HABITAT: (See map); best in Rocky Mountains.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Leaf.]

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 100' to 300'; diameter, 6' to even 12'; branches, low, short trunk; bark, thick, dark brown, deep, meandering furrows, large, irregular plates, scaly; leaves, in twos or threes, 5" to 11" long; cones 3" to 6" long.

APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light red, sap-wood, thick, nearly white, and very distinct; non-porous; rings, conspicuous; grain, straight; rays, numerous, obscure; very resinous but ducts small.

PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, light (44th in this list); 25-30 lbs.

per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4715; strength, medium (45th in this list); elasticity, medium (41st in this list); hardness, medium (42nd in this list); shrinkage, 4 per cent.; warps ...........; not durable; hard to work, brittle; splits easily in nailing.

COMMON USES: Lumber, railway ties, mine timbers.

REMARKS: Forms extensive open forests.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Radial Section, life size.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Tangential Section, life size.]

6

LONG-LEAF PINE. GEORGIA PINE.

_Pinus pal.u.s.tris_ Miller.

_Pinus_, the cla.s.sical Latin name; _pal.u.s.tris_ means swampy, inappropriate here.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Habitat.]

HABITAT: (See map); best in Louisiana and East Texas.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Leaf.]

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 80'-100'; diameter, 2'-3'; trunk, straight, clean, branches high; bark, light brown, large, thin, irregular papery scales; leaves 8"-12" long, 3 in a sheath; cones 6"-10" long.