Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters Part 40

II. Measures Of Capacity

_Early Scale_

1 GIN = 180 _e_ (?).

1 ?A = 60 GIN.

1 GUR = 300 ?A.

_Later Scale_

1 GUR = 180 ?A.

III. Measures Of Length

1 ell (U) = 60 _ubanu_.

1 _?anu_ = 6 ells.

1 GAR = 2 _?anu_.

1 KASBU = 1,800 GAR.

On other measures see A. D. D., ii., pp. 197-218. The ell is about half a metre.

IV. Measures Of Surface

1 GIN = 180 _e._ 1 SAR = 60 GIN.

1 GAN = 1,800 SAR.

The area of the SAR was one GAR square, or 6 metres square. Areas were also measured by the amount of corn required to sow them, or their average yield, that is by the GUR and ?A.

V. Measures Of Time

1 day = 12 double hours.

1 month = 30 days, average.

1 year = 12 months, average.

Further details may be obtained from Zimmern's _Das Princip unserer Zeit-und Raumteilung_, in the _Berichten d. philolog. histor. Cla.s.se d.

Konigl. Sachs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig_. November 14, 1901.

IV. Bibliography Of The Later Periods

THE NEW BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

*Nabopola.s.sar.*-Stra.s.smaier published nineteen texts in _Z. A._, iv., pp.

141-45, of which three are transcribed and translated in _K. B._, iv., pp.

177-81. Dr. Pinches gave another, _C. T._, iv., p. 14, and another in Peek-Pinches, p. 3. Dr. Moldenke gave nine other texts in his _Cuneiform Texts from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York_.

*Nebuchadrezzar II.*-Stra.s.smaier published 460 texts in _Hefts V.-VI._, of the _Babylonische Texte_, of which thirty-one are transcribed and translated in _K. B._, iv., pp. 180-201, and forty are discussed in Kohler-Peiser's _Aus Babylonischen Rechtsleben_. Two texts are published by Pinches, _C. T._, iv., p. 38, two more in Peiser's _Babylonische Vertrage_, six texts from the Liverpool Museum were published by Stra.s.smaier in the _Actes du VI. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1883_. Some of the above texts belong, however, to the reign of Nebuchadrezzar III.

*Evil-Merodach.*-Evetts published twenty-four texts in _Babylonische Texte, Heft VI., B_, of which _K. B._, iv., pp. 200-3, gives transcriptions and translations of two. Kohler-Peiser discuss eight in _Aus Babylonischen Rechtsleben_ and add one more. Stra.s.smaier published two from the Liverpool Museum in the _Actes du VI. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1883_.

*Neriglissar.*-Evetts published seventy-two texts in _Babylonische Texte, Heft VI., B_, pp. 25-82. Of these four are transcribed and translated in _K. B._, iv., pp. 202-7 and Kohler-Peiser discussed fourteen in _Aus Babylonischen Rechtsleben_. In _Babylonische Vertrage_, Peiser published another; and Stra.s.smaier published three from the Liverpool Museum in the _Actes du VI. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1883_.

*Laborosoarchod.*-Evetts published six texts, _Babylonische Texte, Heft VI., B_, pp. 85-90. Of these, one is transcribed and translated in _K.

B._, iv., pp. 206-7. Stra.s.smaier published four in the _Actes du VIII.

Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1889_.

*Nabonidus.*-Stra.s.smaier published 1134 texts in _Babylonische Texte, Heft I.-IV._ Of these, _K. B._, iv., pp. 206-59, gives transcriptions and translations of fifty-six, and three fresh texts from copies by Peiser, Pinches, and Revillout. Kohler-Peiser discuss sixty-five of them in _Aus Babylonischen Rechtsleben_ and add one more. Pinches published two, _C.

T._, iv., pp. 30-41, and four in Peek-Pinches. Dr. Peiser gave another in _Keilschriftliche Acten-Stucke_, No. 3, two from the British Museum.

Stra.s.smaier published six from the Liverpool Museum in the _Actes du VI.

Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1883_. Dr. Moldenke gave forty-two texts in his _Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York_.

PERSIAN PERIOD

*Cyrus.*-Stra.s.smaier published 384 texts in _Babylonische Texte, Heft VII._, of which _K. B._, iv., pp. 253-85 gives transcriptions and translations of twenty-four, and Kohler-Peiser discussed thirty-four in _Aus Babylonischen Rechtsleben_, adding four new texts. In _Keilschriftliche Acten-Stucke_, Peiser gave two more; in _Babylonische Vertrage_, fourteen more. Stra.s.smaier gave two from the Liverpool Museum, in the _Actes du VI. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1883_.

Pinches published another in Peek-Pinches, Dr. Budge another in _Z. A._, vii., p. 219.

*Cambyses.*-Stra.s.smaier gave 441 texts in _Babylonische Texte, Heft VIII.-IX._, but in these no distinction is made between the reigns of Cambyses and Cyrus, Cambyses alone, Cyrus alone. _K. B._, iv., pp. 260-63 gives transcription and translation of four, followed by twenty-five of Cambyses alone and fourteen of Cyrus alone. Kohler-Peiser discussed twenty-one in _Aus Babylonische Rechtsleben_. Peiser gave seventeen more in _Babylonische Vertrage_ from the Berlin Museum and one from the British Museum. Stra.s.smaier gave three from the Liverpool Museum, and one in possession of Golenischeff in the _Actes du VI. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes_. Pinches published one in _C. T._, iv., one in Peek-Pinches. Dr. G. A. Barton published two in the _American Journal of Semitic Languages, January, 1900_.

*Barzia.*-Stra.s.smaier published nine texts, _Z. A._, iv., pp. 147 ff., of which four are transcribed and translated, _K. B._, iv., pp. 294-98.

Peiser gave three more in _Babylonische Vertrage_. Stra.s.smaier published one from the Liverpool Museum in the _Actes du VI. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1883_.

*Nebuchadrezzar III.*-In _K. B._, iv., pp. 298-303, three are transcribed and translated from those published above and ascribed to Nebuchadrezzar II.

*Darius.*-Stra.s.smaier has published 579 texts in _Babylonische Texte, Heft X.-XII._, of which _K. B._, iv., pp. 302-11 gives transcription and translation of nine. Kohler-Peiser discuss ninety-six in _Aus Babylonischen Rechtsleben_ and add seven more. Pinches published six in _C. T._, ii., p. 2; iv., pp. 21, 32, 41, 43, 44; and twelve in Peek-Pinches. Peiser gave fifteen in _Keilschriftliche Acten-Stucke_, and fifty-five in _Babylonische Vertrage_ from the Berlin Museum, twenty-four from the British Museum. Dr. G. A. Barton gave twenty-seven in _American Journal of Semitic Languages, January, 1900_. Stra.s.smaier gave six from the Liverpool Museum in the _Actes du VI. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1883_. Dr. Budge published three in _Z. A._, iii., pp. 216 ff.

*Shamash-erba.*-Stra.s.smaier published one text of this period in _Z. A._, iii., p. 157 f.

*Xerxes.*-Evetts published four texts, _Babylonische Texte, Heft VI., B_, pp. 91-94; of these _K. B._, iv., pp. 310-11 gives transcription and translation of one. Pinches published one, _C. T._, iv., p. 34, Dr. G. A.

Barton gave one in _American Journal of Semitic Languages, January, 1900_.

Stra.s.smaier published seven in the _Actes du VIII. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1889_.

*Artaxerxes.*-Professor Hilprecht and Dr. Clay have published 119 texts with transcriptions and translations of twelve, in the ninth volume of the series of Cuneiform Texts of the collections of the University of Philadelphia. Kotalla has given transcriptions and translations of others in _B. A. S._, iv. Dr. Peiser gave a transcription and translation of one from his own copy, _K. B._, iv., pp. 312-13. Kohler-Peiser give two more in _Aus Babylonischen Rechtsleben_. Dr. G. A. Barton gave four in _American Journal of Semitic Languages, January, 1900_. Stra.s.smaier published nine in the _Actes du VIII. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1889_, and one in _Z. A._, iii., p. 158.

MACEDONIAN PERIOD

*Alexander IV.*-Stra.s.smaier, _Z. A._, iii., p. 150, transcribed and translated one, also _K. B._, iv., pp. 312-13. Pinches gave one, _C. T._, iv., p. 39.

*Seleucus II.*-Oppert, _Doc. Jur._, pp. 301 ff., gave two, one given again, _K. B._, iv., pp. 312-17. Pinches gave another, _C. T._, iv., p.

29. Stra.s.smaier published one in _Actes du VIII. Congres Internationale des Orientalistes, 1889_; and one, _Z. A._, iii., p. 152 f.

*Demetrius.*-Stra.s.smaier published two, _Z. A._, iii., pp. 148-50.

*Antiochus III.*-Stra.s.smaier published one, _Z. A._, iii., p. 150 f., transcribed and translated also, _K. B._, iv., pp. 316-17.

ARSACIDE PERIOD