The Student's Elements of Geology Part 12

2. POST-PLIOCENE. Sh.e.l.ls, recent mammalia in part extinct.

BRITISH.

Loam of Brixham cave, with flint implements and bones of extinct and living quadrupeds. (Chapter 10.) Drift near Salisbury, with bones of mammoth, Spermophilus, and stone implements.

(Chapter 10.) Glacial drift of Scotland, with marine sh.e.l.ls and remains of mammoth. (Chapter 11.) Erratics of Pagham and Selsey Bill. (Chapter 11.) Glacial drift of Wales, with marine fossil sh.e.l.ls, about 1400 feet high, on Moel Tryfaen. (Chapter 11.)

FOREIGN.

Dordogne caves of the reindeer period. (Chapter 10.) Older valley-gravels of Amiens, with flint implements and bones of extinct mammalia. (Chapter 10.) Loess of Rhine. (Chapter 10.) Ancient Nile-mud forming river-terraces. (Chapter 10.) Loam and breccia of Liege caverns, with human remains. (Chapter 10.) Australian cave breccias, with bones of extinct marsupials. (Chapter 10.) Glacial drift of Northern Europe. (Chapters 11 and 12.)

TERTIARY OR CAINOZOIC.

PLIOCENE.

3. NEWER PLIOCENE. The sh.e.l.ls almost all of living species.

BRITISH.

Bridlington beds, marine Arctic fauna. (Chapter 13.) Glacial boulder formation of Norfolk cliffs. (Chapter 13.) Forest-bed of Norfolk cliffs, with bones of Elephas meridionalis, etc. (Chapter 13.) Chillesford and Aldeby beds, with marine sh.e.l.ls, chiefly Arctic. (Chapter 13.) Norwich Crag. (Chapter 13.)

FOREIGN.

Eastern base of Mount Etna, with marine sh.e.l.ls. (Chapter 13.) Sicilian calcareous and tufaceous strata. (Chapter 13.) Lacustrine strata of Upper Val d'Arno. (Chapter 13.) Madeira leaf-bed and land-sh.e.l.ls. (Chapter 29.)

4. OLDER PLIOCENE. Extinct species of sh.e.l.ls forming a large minority.

BRITISH.

Red crag of Suffolk, marine sh.e.l.ls, some of northern forms. (Chapter 13.) White or coralline crag of Suffolk. (Chapter 13.)

FOREIGN.

Antwerp crag. (Chapter 13.) Subapennine marls and sands. (Chapter 13.)

MIOCENE.

5. UPPER MIOCENE. Majority of the sh.e.l.ls extinct.

BRITISH.

Wanting.

FOREIGN.

faluns of Touraine (Chapter 14.) faluns, proper, of Bordeaux. (Chapter 14.) Fresh-water strata of Gers. (Chapter 14.) Swiss Oeningen beds, rich in plants and insects. (Chapter 14.) Marine Mola.s.se, Switzerland. (Chapter 14.) Bolderberg beds of Belgium. (Chapter 14.) Vienna basin. (Chapter 14.) Beds of the Superga, near Turin. (Chapter 14.) Deposit at Pikerme, near Athens. (Chapter 14.) Strata of the Siwalik hills, India. (Chapter 14.) Marine strata of the Atlantic border in the United States. (Chapter 14.) Volcanic tuff and limestone of Madeira, the Canaries, and the Azores. (Chapter 30.)

6. LOWER MIOCENE. Nearly all the sh.e.l.ls extinct.

BRITISH.

Hempstead beds, marine and fresh-water strata. (Chapter 15.) Lignites and clays of Bovey Tracey. (Chapter 15.) Isle of Mull leaf-bed, volcanic tuff. (Chapter 15.)

FOREIGN.

Calcaire de la Beauce, etc. (Chapter 15.) Gres de Fontainebleau. (Chapter 15.) Lacustrine strata of the Limagne d'Auvergne, and the Cantal. (Chapter 15.) Mayence basin. (Chapter 15.) Radaboj beds of Croatia. (Chapter 15.) Brown coal of Germany. (Chapter 15.) Lower Mola.s.se of Switzerland, fresh-water and brackish. (Chapter 15.) Rupelmonde, Kleynspawen, and Tongrian beds of Belgium. (Chapter 15.) Nebraska beds, United States. (Chapter 15.) Lower Miocene beds of Italy. (Chapter 15.) Miocene flora of North Greenland. (Chapter 15.)

7. UPPER EOCENE.

BRITISH.

Bembridge fluvio-marine strata. (Chapter 16.) Osborne or St. Helen's series. (Chapter 16.) Headon series, with marine and fresh-water sh.e.l.ls. (Chapter 16.) Barton sands and clays (Chapter 16.)

FOREIGN.

Gypsum of Montmartre, fresh-water with Palaeotherium. (Chapter 16.) Calcaire silicieux, or Travertin inferieur. (Chapter 16.) Gres de Beauchamp, or Sables moyens. (Chapter 16.)

8. MIDDLE EOCENE.

BRITISH.

Bracklesham beds and Bagshot sands. (Chapter 16.) White clays of Alum Bay and Bournemouth. (Chapter 16.)

FOREIGN.

Calcaire grossier, miliolitic limestone. (Chapter 16.) Soissonnais sands, or Lits coquilliers, with Nummulites planulata. (Chapter 16.) Claiborne beds of the United States, with Orbitoides and Zeuglodon. (Chapter 16.)

9. LOWER EOCENE.

Nummulitic formation of Europe, Asia, etc. (Chapter 16.)

BRITISH.

London Clay proper. (Chapter 16.) Woolwich and Reading series, fluvio-marine. (Chapter 16.) Thanet sands. (Chapter 16.)

FOREIGN.

Argile de Londres, near Dunkirk. (Chapter 16.) Argile plastique. (Chapter 16.) Sables de Bracheux. (Chapter 16.)

SECONDARY OR MESOZOIC.

CRETACEOUS.

10. UPPER CRETACEOUS.

BRITISH.

Upper white chalk, with flints. (Chapter 17.) Lower white chalk, without flints. (Chapter 17.) Chalk marl. (Chapter 17.) Chloritic series (or Upper Greensand), fire-stone of Surrey. (Chapter 17.) Gault. (Chapter 17.) Blackdown beds. (Chapter 17.)

FOREIGN.

Maestricht beds and Faxoe chalk. (Chapter 17.) Pisolitic limestone of France. (Chapter 17.) White chalk of France, Sweden, and Russia. (Chapter 17.) Planer-kalk of Saxony. (Chapter 17.) Sands and clays of Aix-la-Chapelle. (Chapter 17.) Hippurite limestone of South of France. (Chapter 17.) New Jersey, U.S., sands and marls. (Chapter 17.)

11. LOWER CRETACEOUS OR NEOCOMIAN.

BRITISH.

Sands of Folkestone, Sandgate, and Hythe. (Chapter 18.) Atherfield clay, with Perna mulleti. (Chapter 18.) Punfield marine beds, with Vicarya lujana. (Chapter 18.) Speeton clay of Flamborough Head and Tealby. (Chapter 18.) Weald clay of Surrey, Kent, and Suss.e.x, fresh-water, with Cypris. (Chapter 18.) Hastings sands.

FOREIGN.

Neocomian of Neufchatel, and Hils conglomerate of North Germany. (Chapter 18.) Wealden beds of Hanover. (Chapter 18.)

OOLITE.

12. UPPER OOLITE.

BRITISH.

Upper Purbeck beds, fresh-water. (Chapter 19.) Middle Purbeck, with numerous marsupial quadrupeds, etc. (Chapter 19.) Lower Purbeck, fresh-water, with intercalated dirt-bed. (Chapter 19.) Portland stone and sand. (Chapter 19.) Kimmeridge clay. (Chapter 19.)